Cochrane系统评价证据表明,口服替代治疗能降低阿片类药瘾者HIV的血液传播.使用避孕套可有效预防HIV的性传播,同时联合其他一些干预措施可进一步降低个人感染HIV的风险.对于贫困人口和不发达地区,孕妇短程服用奈韦拉平是防治母婴传播最现实有效的方法;而基于发达国家的研究表明,剖腹产、母乳替代品可能是有效的干预.病毒逆转录酶抑制剂是初期治疗HIV感染的有效方法.特效药对于减少艾滋病相关的机会感染是必需的.积极的体育锻炼已被证实是提高艾滋病人生存和生活质量的有效手段.
Objective To identify and investigate the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in 11 non-key Chinese medical journals so as to learn about the current status and problems. Methods Eleven non-key medical journals of TCM from 1995 to 2000 were hand searched to identify the RCT and controlled clinical trials (CCTs). Each identified RCT or CCT was page by page verified by handsearchers based on the criteria developed by the Cochrane Handbook; the RCTs’ design, randomization method description, blind, baseline comparison, inclusion and exclusion criteria, diagnostic criteria,criteria for theraputic effectiveness, sample size, statistical method，described outcome, side effects, and follow up etc. were analyzed. Results In the related journals from 1995 to 2000, a total of 66 volumes and 390 issues were checked. As a result, 22 739 clinical studies were identified, of which 1 416 RCTs, only 24 (1.69%) were done with double blinding. There were 141 CCTs from 1995 to 2000, the total number of RCT increased from 95 to 1 416 and most of studies were on digestives diseases. Most of these studies had no detailed randomization method description, only 38 (2.68%) studies provided a methodology description. In addition, 1 220 (86.16% ) described outcome index, 1 203 (84.96%) used statistical method，934 (65.96%) had baseline comparison，828 (58.47%) described diagnostic criteria, 197 (13.91%) had inclusion and exclusion criteria，finally only 89 (6.29%) reported side effects. Conclusions Although the number of RCT has increased in the 11 non-key medical journals of TCM in the past six years, the quality of these RCTs needs to be improved.