ObjectiveTo systematically review the willingness rate of the first consultation in primary health care institutions among Chinese residents.MethodsCNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the willingness rate of the first consultation in primary health care institutions of residents in China from January 2006 to November 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.1 software.ResultsA total of 26 cross-sectional studies involving 36 430 subjects were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the willingness rate of Chinese residents for the first consultation in primary health care institutions was 61.4% (95%CI 54.5% to 68.3%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that for the willingness rates of the first treatment at the grassroots level in male and female residents were 65.6% and 64.9%; urban and rural residents were 49.9% and 58.9%; <60 and ≥60 years old residents were 60.5% and 71.6%; primary school and below, junior high school, high school or technical secondary school, junior college or above educational level residents were 72.8%, 68.1%, 64.2%, and 52.8%; employees, residents, and other types of insurance residents were 74.1%, 75.9%, and 64.4%; residents with monthly income <3 000, 3 000-5 000, and >5 000 yuan were 65.8%, 65.3%, and 58.5%; high, medium, and poor levels of health status residents were 56.8%, 52.6%, and 48.8%; with and without chronic diseases residents were 61.0% and 56.9%; with and without spouse residents were 63.9% and 64.6%; with and without contracted family doctor residents were 87.1% and 62.6%; on duty, retired, and other employment status residents were 70.7%, 69.9% and 71.5%; primary medical institutions residents those were satisfied, average, and dissatisfied were 77.3%, 60.7%, and 49.4%.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that it remains room for improvement in the level of willingness of Chinese residents for first consultation in primary health care institutions. Residence, age, educational level, type of medical insurance, income level, health level, family doctors contracted status, and satisfaction with primary medical institutions have an impact on residents' willingness to receive first treatment at primary hospitals. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the satisfaction of Chinese residents with the contract services of family doctors. MethodsCNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies related to the Chinese residents' satisfaction with the service of family doctors from January 2011 to May 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.1 software. ResultsA total of 42 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall satisfaction rate of residents with the contract services of family doctors was 77.7% (95%CI 73.7% to 81.7%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the satisfaction rate of the male and female residents were 83.0% and 84.3%; <60 and ≥60 years old residents were 83.5% and 81.7%; junior high school or below, senior high school or technical secondary school, junior college or above educational level residents were 84.1%, 76.4% and 81.2%; the monthly income less than 4000 yuan and more than 4000 yuan residents were 78.5% and 79.3%; with and without diseases residents were 85.3% and 79.7%; with and without spouse residents were 80.6% and 82.4%; on and off the job residents were 77.7% and 73.9%; urban and rural residents were 78.7% and 80.0%; in 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 were 67.6% and 76.2%; eastern and western regions residents were 76.5% and 79.7%; relevant studies which were conducted by random sampling and nonrandom sampling were 80.5% and 73.5%. ConclusionsThere is still room for improvement in residents' satisfaction with family doctor contract service. Residents with different education levels, disease situations, on-the-job situations, time, regions and sampling methods have differences in their satisfaction with the contract services of family doctors.
With the acceleration of global innovative drug development, selecting safe, effective, and cost-effective products from numerous drugs has posed new challenges for the decision-making process of medical insurance drug access and dynamic updating of insurance directory. Real-world data (RWD) provides a new perspective for evaluation of clinical and economic value of drugs, but there are still uncertainties regarding the scope, quality standards, and evidence categories of RWD that can be used. Based on the current status of domestic and international RWD supporting the assessment of the clinical and economic value of drugs, this paper, in collaboration with national RWD and healthcare experts, has developed the key considerations for using real-world data to evaluate the clinical and economic value of drugs. This paper first clarifies the scope of RWD that can be used to evaluate the clinical and economic value of drugs evaluate; secondly, provides specific requirements and guidance on data attribution, data governance, and quality standards for RWD; finally, summarizes the evidence categories of RWD supporting evaluate the clinical and economic value of drugs evaluate.