Objective To summarize the latest research progress of tumor energy metabolism regulated by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Method Literatures about the recent studies on the bioenergetic metabolic mechanisms regulated by lncRNA in tumor cells were reviewed according to the results searched from PubMed database, Springer database, HighWire database, and so on. Results Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) was regarded as the most important characteristics of energy metabolism in tumor cells. lncRNA could regulate many key progressions involved energy metabolism in tumor cells, such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glutamine metabolism, resulting in accelerated uptake of glucose, decomposition of glutamine, and formation of lipid. Conclusions The functions and mechanisms of energy metabolism in tumor cells regulated by lncRNA are entirely unclear. The role of lncRNA played in cancer needs to be understood, which may contribute to new tumor biomarker detection and effective treatment strategies.
【摘要】 目的 研究改良Paine点侧脑室额角穿刺的解剖基础及临床应用。 方法 利用MRI模型的构建，模拟改良Paine点穿刺侧脑室额角。测量穿刺距离、角度及其对Broca语言功能区和尾状核的影响。改良Paine点（Pm点）比Paine点高1 cm，更加远离Broca语言功能区，穿刺时需要与轴面夹角20°向下，可以越过尾状核头从侧脑室额角上壁进入脑室；与矢状面夹角约70°向下、冠状面夹角约20°向后穿刺。从皮层计算进针4.0~5.5 cm可进入侧脑室额角。 结果 同期7例颅内动脉瘤患者术中应用Pm点穿刺成功，术后无语言功能障碍，复查头颅CT无穿刺道及尾状核头出血现象。 结论 Pm点法定位方法简便准确，能避免Broca语言功能区和尾状核头部的损伤，有一定临床应用推广价值。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the anatomic characteristics and clinical application of modified Paine entry point (Pm) for lateral ventricular puncture through pterional approach. Methods We simulated the modified Paine entry point for lateral ventricular frontal horn puncture by reconstructing the model of MRI. Distance and angles of the puncture path were measured to evaluate the influence upon the language areas of Broca and the head of the caudate nucleus. The Pm point is 1 cm higher than the Paine point, so it is more far away from the Broca area. The direction of the puncture path should be 20° downward with the axial plane, 70° downward with the sagittal plane and 20° backward with the coronal plane. The catheter was inserted into the ventricle 4.0 to 5.5 cm deep to the cortex. Results Seven patients with intracranial aneurysms underwent ventricular puncture successfully through the Pm point in operation. None of them suffered language dysfunction or hemorrhage lesions in the caudate nucleus by the computed tomography. Conclusion The modified Paine entry point can be located accurately and has the clinical value for preventing damage of the Broca area and the caudate nucleus.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical experience of 180 general surgeries under da Vinci surgical system. MethodsFrom January 2009 to October 2010, 180 patients with hepatopancreaticobiliary and gastrointestinal disease underwent robotic surgeries by using da Vinci surgical system. The case distribution, intra-and post-operative data were analyzed. ResultsA total of 171 patients had underwent total robotic surgeries and nine patients converted to hand-assisted procedure (5.0%, 9/180). The surgery for hepatic portal was performed in 63 cases of patients, including surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma in 36 cases, gallbladder carcinoma in 10 cases, complex calculus of intrahepatic duct in 12 cases, and iatrogenic biliary duct injury in 5 cases. The pancreatic surgery was performed in 44 cases of patients, including pancreatoduodenectomy in 16 cases, distal pancreatectomy in 6 cases, medial pancreatectomy in 1 case, pancreatic cyst-jejunum anastomosis in 1 case, and palliative surgery in 20 cases. Hepatic surgery was in 19 cases and gastrointestinal surgery in 12 cases of patients. Other procedures were in 42 cases of patients, including common bile duct exploration and removing the stone, retroperitoneal lymph nodes dissection, and splenectomy, etc. All of ten cases of patients with obstructive suppurative cholangitis received emergency surgery by the robot and postoperative infection symptoms were controlled, and shock was corrected quickly. No death occurred during the perioperative period. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 cases (6.7%, 12/180) and 2 cases died (1.1%, 2/180). Conclusionsda Vinci surgical system can carry out all kinds of general surgery, especially complicated and difficult hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, which improves the development of minimally invasive surgery.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical experience of 58 operations for biliary malignant tumor with da Vinci surgical system. MethodsFrom January 2009 to October 2010, 180 patients with hepatopancreaticobiliary and gastrointestinal disease underwent robotic surgeries by using da Vinci surgical system, including 58 patients with biliary malignant tumor. The case distribution, intra and postoperative data were analyzed. ResultsOf 58 patients, 3 patients with intrahepatic bile duct cystadenocarcinoma received wedge resections of liver. In 36 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, anatomical left hemihepatectomies were performed in 3 cases, resection of extrahepatic duct and gallbladder bridge type biliary revascularization in 3 cases, resection of extrahepatic duct and biliary-enteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis in 14 cases, tumor resection and revascularization of hepatic portal bile duct in 1 case, palliative external drainage of intrahepatic bile duct in 5 cases, and Y-internal drainage of hepatic portal in 10 cases. In 10 patients with gallbladder carcinoma, resection of extrahepatic duct and gallbladder and biliaryenteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis in 2 cases, cholecystectmy in 3 cases, cholecystectmy and external drainage of intrahepatic bile duct in 1 case, cholecystectmy and Y-internal drainage by suspension of hepatic portal in 4 cases. A patient with middle bile duct cancer received radical resection of cholangiocarcinoma and biliary-enteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Of 8 patients with distal bile duct cancer, Whipple procedure were performed. Of 58 patients, 2 cases converted to hand-assistant procedure (3.4%). For all patients, operation time was (6.18±1.71) h, blood loss was (116.66±56.06) ml, blood transfusion was (85.55±38.28) ml, ambulation time was (9.10±2.91) h, feeding time was (14.95±4.35) h, and hospital stay was (12.81±4.29) d. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases (13.8%), including bile leakage (3 cases), wound bleeding (1 case), pancreatoenteric anastomotic leakage (2 cases), pulmonary infection (1 case), and renal failure (1 case). Of these 8 cases, 6 cases recovered smoothly and 2 cases die of severe pulmonary infection and renal failure after conservative treatment (3 or 4 weeks), therefore, the mortality of patients was 3.4%. In 36 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 19 cases died (on 2 monthes 4 cases, on 6 monthes 5 cases, on 10 monthes 8 cases, and on 12 monthes 2 cases after operation), 11 cases survival well (gt;26 monthes 4 cases, gt;22 monthes 3 cases, and gt;19 monthes 4 cases), and 6 cases required hospitalization. Of 10 patients with gallbladder carcinoma, 7 cases died (on 3 monthes 1 case, on 5 monthes 1 case, on 8 monthes 1 case, on 11 monthes 3 cases, and on 12 monthes 1 case after operation) and 3 cases survival (gt;17 monthes 2 cases, gt;13 monthes 1 case). In 8 cases undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, 5 cases died (on 4 monthes 2 cases, on 6 monthes 2 cases, and 10 monthes 1 case after operation) and 3 cases survived well over 2 years. Three patients with intrahepatic bile duct cystadenocarcinoma survived over 1 year. Conclusionsda Vinci surgical system can carry out all kinds of surgery for biliary malignant tumor, especially prominent in the complicated surgeries for hepatic portal, which breaks through the restricted area of laparoscope in hepatobiliary malignant tumor.