Objective： To observe the effect of estrogen on the expr ession of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in cultured retinal Muuml;ller cells under the anoxic condition． Methods：After the anoxic retinal Muuml;ll er cells were tre ated with estrogen (E2) with the concentration of 10-6、10-5 and 10-7 mmol/L, t he level of expression of PEDF mRNA and the protein was detected by reverse tran scriptionpolymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. Results：Th e expression of PEDF mRNA and protein decreased 24 hours after anoxia. E2 with t he concentration of 10-5 and 10-6 mmol/L inhibited the decrease of expression of PEDF mRNA and protein induced by anoxia, which related to the concentration of E2． Conclusion：strogen can regulate the expression of PEDF, which ma y play an important role in the regulation of retinal neovascularization．
The innovative behavior of clinical nurses is of great significance for the professional development of nurses and the improvement of nursing service quality. This research topic has received continuous attention from domestic and foreign scholars. There is still significant room for improvement in the level of innovative behavior among clinical nurses in China. Constructing effective interventions to enhance innovative behavior among clinical nurses in China is an urgent requirement to promote the development of nursing informatization and nursing quality. This article reviews the intervention forms, theoretical support, effectiveness, and limitations of innovative behaviors among clinical nurses both domestically and internationally. It proposes prospects for future intervention plans, aiming to provide ideas and references for nursing managers to develop tailored, scientific, and effective intervention strategies.