The aim of this study is to investigate the search time regulation of objectives and eye movement behavior characteristics in the multi-objective visual search. The experimental task was accomplished with computer programming and presented characters on a 24 inch computer display. The subjects were asked to search three targets among the characters. Three target characters in the same group were of high similarity degree while those in different groups of target characters and distraction characters were in different similarity degrees. We recorded the search time and eye movement data through the whole experiment. It could be seen from the eye movement data that the quantity of fixation points was large when the target characters and distraction characters were similar. There were three kinds of visual search patterns for the subjects including parallel search, serial search, and parallel-serial search. In addition, the last pattern had the best search performance among the three search patterns, that is, the subjects who used parallel-serial search pattern spent shorter time finding the target. The order that the targets presented were able to affect the search performance significantly; and the similarity degree between target characters and distraction characters could also affect the search performance.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic value of osteopontin (OPN) in patients with liver cancer by using meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Wanfang database, Chinese Science and Technology Academic Journal, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to identify relevant articles from their inception to October 31, 2018. A meta-analysis was carried out by using the STATA 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 13 studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 2 171 liver cancer cases. The pooled data of studies showed that OPN expression level was negatively associated with overall survival time (HR=1.58, 95% CI was (1.37, 1.79), P<0.001) and disease free survival time (HR=1.67, 95% CI was (1.39, 1.96), P<0.001). High expression of OPN for patients with liver cancer had shorter overall survival time and disease-free survival time compared with those of low expression of OPN.ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that high expression of OPN is closely related to poor prognosis of patients with liver cancer.
ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical characteristics and the management of major complications after thoracic surgery.MethodsRetrospective research was conducted on 15 213 patients who underwent thoracic surgery from January 2008 to September 2018 in our hospital. Thirty-six (0.24%) patients died of postoperative complications. Based on whether major complications such as severe pulmonary pneumonia and other 13 complications were presented postoperatively, the patients were divided into a complication group (n=389, 294 males and 95 females, aged 61.93±10.23 years) and a non-complication group (n=14 785, 8 636 males and 6 149 females, aged 55.27±13.21 years) after exclusion of unqualified patients. The age, gender distribution, diagnosis, surgical approach, postoperative hospital stay, in-hospital costs and other clinical data were analyzed. And the treatment and outcomes of the complications were summarized.ResultsThe age, proportion of male, malignancy and esophageal diseases, postoperative hospital stay and in-hospital costs in the complication group were significantly more or higher than those in the non-complication group (P<0.05). The top three causes of death among the 36 deaths were pulmonary embolism (PE, 25.00%), severe pulmonary pneumonia (16.67%) and acute respiratory failure (16.67%), respectively. The top five complications among the severe complication group were pulmonary pneumonia (24.73%), pleural space (19.83%), anastomotic leak (17.48%), pulmonary atelectasis (11.51%) and PE (6.18%).ConclusionThoracic surgeons should recognize patients with high risk of severe complications preoperatively based on clinical characteristics and perform multi-disciplinary treatment for severe complications.
ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) plus laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) with LC plus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for patients with concomitant cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis by using meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library、EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Academic Journal, Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Wanfang database to identify relevant articles from their inception to 31 October 2018. A meta-analysis was carried out using the RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 13 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis, 747 cases received LC+LCBDE and 761 cases underwent LC+ERCP. The meta-analysis results showed that no significant difference between the LC+LCBDE group and the LC+ERCP group in terms of common bile duct (CBD) stone clearance rate [RR=0.99, 95%CI (0.95, 1.02), P=0.87] and overall complications [RR=0.94, 95%CI (0.72, 1.22), P=0.64]. The LC+LCBDE group had higher rate of postoperative bile leakage rate [RR=3.87, 95%CI (2.01, 7.42), P<0.000 1] than that LC+ERCP group. However, the LC+LCBDE group had lower rate of postoperative pancreatitis [RR=0.28, 95%CI (0.14, 0.55), P=0.002] than that LC+ERCP group.ConclusionsBoth LC+LCBDE and LC+ERCP are equivalent in CBD stone clearance rate and overall complications, LC+LCBDE is associated with a higher postoperative bile leakage rate and lower rate of postoperative pancreatitis, appropriate treatment should be selected according to the individual patient’s condition.
Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of self-management behavior in patients with primary glaucoma, so as to provide a theoretical basis for formulating intervention strategies to improve patients’ self-management ability. Methods Using convenient sampling method, 400 patients with primary glaucoma visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between September 2019 and March 2020 were selected. Their current situation of self-management behavior was investigated by self-management behavior questionnaire, and the influencing factors of self-management behavior were analyzed. Results A total of 381 valid questionnaires were recovered. The total score of self-management behavior of patients with primary glaucoma was 51.11±6.22, and the mean scores of life debugging dimension, functional health care dimension, and medical management dimension were 2.66±0.67, 3.02±0.81, and 3.13±0.60, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age [40-59 vs. <40 years old: unstandardized partial regression coefficient (b)=–2.830, 95% confidence interval (CI) (–4.813, –0.847), P=0.005; ≥60 vs. <40 years old: b=–2.660, 95%CI (–4.820, –0.498), P=0.016], occupation [in-service vs. farmers: b=2.639, 95%CI (0.303, 4.976), P=0.027; unemployed or retired vs. farmers: b=2.913, 95%CI (0.995, 4.831), P=0.003], smoking [smoking vs. non-smoking: b=–3.135, 95%CI (–5.196, –1.075), P=0.003], disease type [primary open-angle glaucoma vs. primary angle-closure glaucoma: b=–2.119, 95%CI (–3.317, –0.921), P=0.001], number of follow-up visits [≤2 vs. >2: b=–1.071, 95%CI (–2.118, –0.024), P=0.045], whether fixed doctor follow-up [unfixed vs. fixed: b=–2.619, 95%CI (–3.632, –1.605), P<0.001] were correlated with the total score of self-management behavior of patients with primary glaucoma. Conclusions The self-management behavior of patients with primary glaucoma is in the middle level. The main factors affecting the self-management behavior level of primary glaucoma patients include age, occupation, smoking, disease type, follow-up times, and fixed doctor’s follow-up. Ophthalmologists should pay attention to the current situation and influencing factors of self-management behavior and take feasible intervention measures to improve the self-management behavior of patients with primary glaucoma.
目的 探讨成都地区中老年人群的腰高比值（WHtR）与血压、血脂、血糖的关系。 方法 2007年5月间在成都市地中老年人群（688人）中用统一编制的调查表记录被调查者的血压、血脂、血糖、WHtR等指标，并用相关统计学数据进行分析。 结果 ① 成都地区中老年人群WHtR≥0.5的高血压、高血脂、高血糖的发病率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05），且有统计学意义。② 年龄、收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯和血糖水平，WHtR≥0.5组明显高于WHtR＜0.5组，而WHtR≥0.5组高密度脂蛋白水平低于WHtR＜0.5组，且组间差异均有统计学意义。③ logistic 回归分析表明WHtR与年龄、收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯、空腹血糖水平呈正相关，与高密度脂蛋白水平呈负相关。 结论 成都地区中老年人群WHtR与血压、血脂及血糖关系密切，可能可以通过改善血压、血脂、空腹血糖等指标来减少WHtR，中老年人群要加强对 WHtR 的自我管理, 尽可能将心血管疾病危险因素降到最低。
Objective To evaluate the short-term outcome and influence of atrial fibrillation ablation and mitral valve replacement for patients with mitral valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted for 44 patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation who experienced mitral valve replacement with or without surgical atrial fibrillation ablation procedure in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2017. Eighteen patients experienced mitral valve replacement and surgical atrial fibrillation ablation procedure (a group 1), and the other 26 patients experienced mitral valve replacement without surgical atrial fibrillation ablation procedure (a group 2). In th group 1, there were 4 males and 14 females, aged 43-67 (55.67±7.56) years, and in the group 2 there were 6 males and 20 females, aged 40-72 (54.81±8.81) years. The patients’ data, preoperative echocardiography, surgery procedures, perioperative events, echocardiography and electrocardiogram at postoperative three months were collected to evaluate the short-term outcome and influence of surgical atrial fibrillation ablation procedure for those patients. Results There was no statistical difference in the operation duration (P=0.867) and ICU stay (P=0.550) between the two groups. But the group 1 had longer extracorporeal circulation duration (P=0.006) and aorta arrest duration (P=0.001) than the group 2. No patient died perioperatively and one patient from the group 1 experienced reoperation because of too much chest tube drainage. At three months after operation, echocardiography and electrocardiogram examination showed that 16 patients in the group 1 and 2 patients in the group 2 had sinus rhythm. There was no statistical difference between postoperative and preoperative examination about variation in left ventricle ejection fraction, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, left atrial diameter and left ventricular end diastolic diameter between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Atrial fibrillation ablation does not increase the risk of mitral valve replacement for patients who have mitral valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation. The rate of converting to sinus rhythm is high, but additional atrial fibrillation ablation procedure does not have positive or negative influence on short-term recovery of cardiac structure and function after operation.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in recent years from the anatomical features of the mesorectum, aiming to provide a new basis for surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. MethodThe relevant literatures about total mesorectal excision and complete mesocolic excision in colorectal cancer surgery in recent years were reviewed. ResultsTotal mesorectal excision and complete mesocolic excision significantly reduced the local recurrence rate of patients with colorectal cancer, improved the tumor-free survival rate and overall survival rate, and significantly improved the prognosis of patients, which may benefited from the surgeon’s detailed anatomy of mesenteric plane. In addition, based on current evidence, total mesorectal excision for colorectal cancer was safe and had fewer postoperative complications, which helped to promote the standardization of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. ConclusionsTotal mesorectal excision and complete mesocolic excision can significantly improve histopathological prognosis compared with conventional surgery, but the advantages of long-term oncological prognosis need further study. In recent years, the combination of new techniques such as laparoscopy, robotic surgery and natural lumens, and mesenteric resection has provided new directions and new ways for surgical treatment of colorectal cancer.
Objective To explore the role of high endothelial venule (HEV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the single cell level. Methods A total of 219257 cells from the lung tissues of 18 COPD patients and 28 healthy controls in the GEO public database (GSE136831) were used to analyze the relationship between HEV with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Results Endothelial cells were extracted using single cell analysis technique, and sorting out venous endothelium, CCL14, IGFBP7, POSTN were used as marker genes for HEV endothelial cells. The ratio of HEV endothelial cells was also identified as up-regulated expression in COPD. The function of the differential genes of HEV endothelial cells was analyzed, suggesting the presence of immune regulation. By trajectory analysis, it was suggested that the differential genes of HEV endothelial cells were enriched for extracellular matrix deposition in late development. Finally, by receptor-ligand pairing, it was suggested that HEV endothelial cells was recruited through a series of ligands with T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Conclusions HEV endothelial cells are elevated in COPD and have an immunomodulatory role by secreting a series of ligands after recruiting T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells for immune action. HEV may be a potential target for the study of COPD therapy.