ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors that affect the long-term prognosis of liver cancer after liver transplantation, and to evaluate the clinical value of the Chinese Medical Association’s new microvascular invasion pathological classification.MethodsThe clinical pathology and follow-up data of 112 patients with liver cancer who underwent liver transplantation from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic risk factors were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model.ResultsAll of the 112 patients were followed up. The postoperative follow-up period was 12 to 60 months [(28.3±13.5) months], and the median overall survival time was 38-month. The results of the Cox proportional hazard regression model suggested that the preoperative Child classification and microvascular invasion pathological classification were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients (P<0.05), the higher microvascular invasion pathological classification and Child grade, the worse the prognosis.ConclusionThe Chinese Medical Association’s new microvascular invasion pathological classification can predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer after liver transplantation and has a good predictive value.