【摘要】 目的 探讨胸膜活检在结核性胸膜炎中的诊断价值。 方法 将2009年1-11月收治的52例结核性胸膜炎患者随机分为常规组（40例）和胸膜活检组（12例）。常规组采用常规方法诊断结核性胸膜炎，胸膜活检组采用胸膜活检进行诊断，比较两组诊断结果。 结果 常规组均未获得细菌学、病理学依据，病原病理学诊断率为0.0%；胸膜活检组有5例获得细菌学病理学依据，病原病理学诊断率为41.7%；两组比较，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。常规组平均诊断时间为60 d，胸膜活检组平均诊断时间为5 d；两组比较，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）。胸膜活检组无并发症发生。 结论 胸膜活检在结核性胸膜炎诊断中具有重要价值。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the value of pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Methods From January to November 2009, Fifty-two patients with tuberculous pleurisy were randomly divided into conventional group (40 patients) and pleural biopsy group (12 patients), in order to compare the results of conventional diagnostic methods and tuberculous biopsy methods in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Results Conventional group was unable to obtain the final bacteriological, pathological basis which obstained the diagnostic rate of 0, but in the pleural biopsy group, five patients got diagnosis basing on bacteriological and pathology tests, and the diagnostic rate was 41.7%;there was significant difference when compared the results of the two groups (Plt;0.05). The average diagnosis time were 60 days in the conventional group, and five days in the pleural biopsy group, there was significant difference when compared the results of the two groups (Plt;0.05). Pleural biopsy group had no complications occurred. Conclusion Pleural biopsy methods in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy are of great value.