ObjectiveTo investigate the role and mechanism of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in hydrochloric acid-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.MethodsWild-type mice (WT) and PSGL-1 knockout mice (PSGL-1 -/-) were randomly subjected to normal saline (NS) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) challenged group. The mice were intratracheally instilled with NS or HCl (1 μl/g weight) into the left lung with a catheter. After 2 hours, respiratory function index enhanced pause (Penh), PaO2 and PaO2 were analyzed. The wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) of the left lung and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The number of leukocytes in BALF was counted too. Targeted lung tissue was processed for further HE or immunohistochemistry staining. Meanwhile, the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), IκBa and p-IκBa in lung tissue were measured.ResultsThe Penh (4.77±1.22 vs. 5.80±0.84) and PaCO2 [(63.7±3.9) mm Hg vs. (74.4±7.4) mm Hg] in the PSGL-1 knockout mice were significantly lower than those in the WT mice after HCl stimulation (P<0.05), while the PaO2 was higher than that in the WT mice [(81.0±7.1) mm Hg vs. (62.0±8.9) mm Hg, P<0.05)]. The lung W/D ratio (4.86±0.15 vs. 5.22±0.20), protein concentration [(3.71±0.64) μg/μl vs. (4.74±0.98) μg/μl] and total leukocyte count [(13.00±2.18) ×107/L vs. (49.42±3.35) ×107/L] in BALF were significantly lower in the PSGL-1 knockout mice challenged with HCl than those in the WT mice (P<0.05). Besides, the protein expressions of IL-6, IL-1β, p65 and p-IκBa in the PSGL-1 knockout mice were lower than those in the WT mice after HCl instillation, while the IκBa expression was higher than that in the WT mice (P<0.05). More numbers of neutrophils and macrophages were found in the lung of the WT mice than the PSGL-1 knockout mice challenged with HCl. However, the differences of above values between the WT mice and the PSGL-1 knockout mice instilled with NS were not found, all of which were significantly lower than the correspongding HCl group except for IκBa (P<0.05).ConclusionPSGL-1 may play important roles in the development of HCl-induced ALI via the NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammation.
Objective To evaluate the effects of T-shaped plate internal fixation in treatment of intra-articular fracture of distal radius. Methods From January 2005 to March 2008, 52 cases of intra-articular fracture of distal radius were treated, including 32 males and 20 females and aging 21-60 years old (mean 47 years old). Fracture was caused by tumbl ing in 30 cases, by fall ing from height in 8 cases, by traffic accident in 11 cases, and by a crashing object in 3 cases. Of 52 cases,there were 50 cases of closed fracture and 2 cases of open fracture. According to AO standard of classification, there were 14 cases of B2 type, 16 cases of B3 type, 15 cases of C1 type, 6 cases of C2 type, and 1 case of C3 type. According to the Cooney’ s general standard of classification of unstable fracture, there were 5 cases of type II, 10 cases of type III, and 37 cases of type IV. The time from injury to operation was 3-14 days (mean 5 days). All patitents received open reduction and T-shaped plate fixation. Seven patients having bone defect were given 6-15 g autologous il ium or 5 mL calcium sulphate artificial aggregate after reduction. Results All incisions healed by first intention. All the patients were followed up for 15 to 30 months postoperatively (mean 24 months). The X-ray films showed good anatomical reduction, even articular surface and no lossening of internal fixation in all the cases. The fractures healed within 9-15 weeks after operation (mean 12 weeks). At last follow-up, the mean palmar tilt was 8° and the mean ulnar variance was 21°, showing statistically significant differences when compared preoperation (— 5° and 5°, P lt; 0.05). The radial length were not abbreviated. According to Dienst assessment, the results were excellent in 42 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 5 cases and poor in 2 cases 12 weeks after operation, and the excellent and good rate was 86.5%. Conclusion T-shaped plate fixation is rel iable and effective in treatment of intra-articular fracture of distal radius because it has less coml ication of infection, loosening of internal fixation, reduction failure and tendon rupture.