ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of the design and effectiveness of gender-specific prosthesis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MethodsThe relevant literature on gender-specific prosthesis in recent years was extensively reviewed and analyzed. ResultsGender-specific prosthesis is designed according to the female knee joint anatomical characteristics. In theory, it should obtain better effectiveness. But a large number of clinical studies have shown that the knee function, pain, and satisfaction has no obvious advantage when compared with conventional prosthesis after TKA for female patient. ConclusionComprehensive evaluation should be considered when gender-specific is selected; and the effectiveness needs further follow-up.
The study of viruses traditionally focused on their roles as infectious agents and as tools for understanding cell biology. Recently, however, with the development of structural biology, viruses have now been receiving particular attention in nanotechnology. By chemical methods or by gene modification, viruses have been functionalized as potential building blocks for several applications, such as drug/gene delivery vehicles, advanced vaccine vehicles, and special inorganic or organic nanomaterials. Here we highlight some of the recent progresses in the medical applications of viruses.