Cancer is one of the main causes of death for human beings. Clinical oncologists increasingly rely upon imaging for diagnosis, stage, response assessment, and follow-up in cancer patient. However, 18F-FDG is not a tumor specific agent, inflammation and infection also have intensive uptake of 18F-FDG, resulting in false positive diagnosis, and some tumors have low uptake of 18F-FDG or even do not uptake 18F-FDG, leading to false negative diagnosis. So it is urgent to develop non-18F-FDG novel tumor targeting agent. Recently, a large number of researches in vitro have demonstrated that berberine has anti-tumor activity against a variety of tumor cells by inducing tumor cell apoptosis through inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain etc. So far, there is no credible evidence of berberine targeting in tumor in vivo. We proposed a hypothesis that berberine has the characteristics of tumor targeting biodistribution in vivo, and verified the proposal by 18F-berberine PET/CT imaging in VX2 muscle tumor-bearing rabbit model. In this review, we intend to give an overview of the progress of berberine anticancer, the structural bases of berberine anticancer and the uderlying molecular mechanisms of berberine anticancer indentified so far. We also introduce the first visualization of 18F labeled berberine derivatives targeting tumor in VX2 muscle tumor-bearing rabbit model by PET/CT. These breakthrough findings suggest that 18F-berberine derivatives as a potential PET/CT tumor targeted molecular imaging agent may have important implications for cancer targeting therapy, molecular imaging and modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
ObjectiveTo study the efficacy, the operation skills, and the complications of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prosthesis (TEP). MethodsThe clinical data of 1 020 patients received TEP from April 2011 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The oral feeding time, out of bet time, operation time, hospital stay, hospitalization costs, postoperative complications, and so on were recorded. ResultsAmong the 1 020 patients, the types of hernias were 810 indirect inguinal hernias (including unilateral hernia and bilateral hernia), 118 direct inguinal hernias, 24 femoral hernias, and 68 recurrent inguinal hernias. The surgeries were basically successfully completed in all the patients, including 12 cases (both recurrent hernia) of conversion to laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal prosthesis (TAPP). All the patients could take food in a day and get out of bed on day 1 after operation. The unilateral operation time was (48±9.8) min, bilateral was (65±8.6) min. The postoperative hospital stay was 0.5-2.0 d, total hospital stay was (3.48±2.40) d, hospitalization costs was (8 958±1 685) yuan. Main complication was 61 (5.98%) cases of seroma, 48 (4.70%) cases of temporary nerve paresthesia, 23 (2.78%) cases of urinary retention, 9 (0.88%) cases of chronic pain, and 5 (0.49%) cases of abdominal artery injury. No incision infection, visceral injury, small intestinal obstruction, and other serious complications happened. No occurrence occurred with following-up for 1 year. Classification of different hernia complications, the statistical analysis showed that the total incidence of complications of the typeⅣwas highest, then which was in sequence of typeⅢ, typeⅡ, typeⅠ(P < 0.001). ConclusionLaparoscopic TEP is a safe, reasonable repair without tension with small incision, lighter abdominal interference, less pain, early return to normal activities, but it is a difficult technology and has a higher cost.