ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of treprostinil for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MethodDatabases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2015) , WanFang Data, CBM and CNKI were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about treprostinil for PAH from inception to 1st May 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of seven RCTs including 1 662 participants were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with placebo, treprostinil could increase patients' 6-min walk distance (MD=19.62, 95%CI 0.55 to 38.69, P=0.63) , reduce Brog score (MD=-0.52, 95%CI -0.96 to -0.07, P=0.06) , decrease pulmonary vascular resistance (MD=-3.23, 95%CI -4.80 to -1.66, P=0.42) and improve cardiac index (MD=0.19, 95%CI 0.08 to 0.30, P=0.44) , but there were no significant differences between two groups in incidence of mortality (OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.47 to 1.50, P=0.82) and clinical deterioration (OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.56 to 1.26, P=0.95) . ConclusionsCurrent evidence reveals that treprostinil can improve excise capacity, respiratory function and ameliorate hemodynamic index, but can't reduce the incidence of mortality and clinical deterioration in patients with PAH.