ObjectiveTo systematically review the clinical effects of non-humidified versus humidified low-to-moderate flow oxygen inhalation therapy via nasal cannula. MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical controlled trials (CCTs) and cross-over studies about the clinical effects of non-humidified versus humidified low-to-moderate flow nasal cannula oxygen inhalation therapy in hospitalized adult patients were searched in The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2016), The Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Practice (EBP) Database, EMbase, PubMed, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data from inception to March 2016. Three reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of nine RCTs and three CCTs involving 3 756 patients were finally included. The results of meta-analysis indicated that: non-humidified was superior to humidified oxygen therapy in reducing bacterial contamination of oxygen apparatus (P < 0.05) and the time of daily replacement of sterile water oxygen humidifier bottles (P < 0.05), while the two groups were alike in relieving nasal dryness (RR=1.08, 95%CI 0.91 to 1.29, P=0.37), nasal bleeding (RR=1.17, 95%CI 0.66 to 2.08, P=0.59) and discomfort (RR=0.80, 95%CI 0.56 to 1.14, P=0.22). ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that there is no significant difference between non-humidified and humidified low-to-moderate flow nasal cannula oxygen inhalation therapy in relieving patients' nasal dryness, nasal bleeding and discomfort. But non-humidified oxygen therapy can reduce bacterial contamination of oxygen apparatus, simplify the operation procedures and lessen nurses' operation time.
ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection in acute and serious schizophrenic inpatients and its risk factors. MethodsBetween January 1st and December 31st, 2012, we investigated 1 621 schizophrenic patients on the status of nosocomial infections according to the hospital standard of nosocomial infection diagnosis. They were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to the survey results. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression method. ResultsTwenty-nine infected patients were found among the 1 621 patients, and the incidence rate was 1.79%. Among the nosocomial infections, the most common one was respiratory infection (79.31%), followed by gastrointestinal infection and urinary infection (6.90%). There were significant differences between the two groups of patients in age, hospital stay, positive and negative syndrome scale (PASS), combined somatopathy, the time of protective constraint, modified electraconvulsive therapy (MECT), using two or more antipsychotics drugs, using antibiotics and side effects of drugs (P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in gender, age classes, the course of disease, frequency of hospitalization and seasonal incidence of hospital infection (P>0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that hospital stay, positive symptom score, negative symptom score, the time of protective constraint, MECT, using two or more antipsychotics drugs and side effects of drugs were the main risk factors for nosocomial infection of inpatients with psychopathy (P<0.05). ConclusionBased on the different traits and treatments of acute and serious schizophrenia, a screening table of infections should be set. For the high risk group of nosocomial infection, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the nosocomial infection of patients with schizophrenia.