【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the distal intramural spread of rectal carcinoma, and provide evidence for modification of rectal carcinoma surgery. MethodsSixty patients with rectal carcinoma admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing university of medical science from November 2001 to October 2002 were included. The specimens were extended to its original size and shape by the fat clearing method. Mesenteric lymph nodes were dissected by using transillumination to examine metastases histologically, then a lymph nodes map was produced which including the site of the primary lesion, the vascular distribution, and the sites of dissected nodes. The specimen below the distal margin of the tumor was cut continuously with 0.5 cm interval then sectioned for histopathological examination. ResultsTumor spread to the distal intramural was observed in 11 of 60 patients (18.3%) with the range within 1.5 cm, of which less than 0.5 cm in 5 case, 5 cm to 1.0 cm in 2 cases, 1.0 cm to 1.5 cm in 4 cases. The tumor invasion was correlated with gross type, histological type and infiltrative depth, but not with sex, age, location of the tumor, size of the tumor, lymph nodes metastases and Dukes stage. Conclusion The range of distal mural excision should exceed 1.5 cm to tumor margin in radical surgery for rectal carcinoma. This rule should be emphasized for patients with poor cell differentiation and deep infiltration.
Objective To review the research appl ication and advance of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) in tissue engineering. Methods The recent related l iterature was reviewed, concerning isolation method, characteristics of SMSCs, and its appl ication in tissue engineering. Results SMSCs are multi potent cell population with characteristics of easy isolation and high prol iferation, which have been appl icated in the cartilage, tendon, l igament, and bone tissue engineering. Conclusion SMSCs is a new member of mesenchymal stem cells family. It appears to be promising seedcells for tissue engineering, but further research is needed.
ObjectiveTo summarize the latest research progress in active surveillance of low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma at home and abroad, and provide some reference for future clinical work. MethodRetrieved and reviewed relevant literatures about prospective studies on active surveillance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.ResultsIn recent years, the incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma had increased sharply, but most of the biological activities were inert, tumor-specific mortality was very low, and only a few had progressed. For patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, surgery was a safe and effective treatment method, but due to changes in the epidemiological characteristics of the disease, people were reconsidering whether there was overtreatment in patients without high-risk characteristics. Expert consensus and guidelines no matter at home or abroad mentioned that active monitoring can be considered as an alternative to surgery. For suitable patients, active monitoring might be a better choice.ConclusionsActive surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is basically considered to be a safe and feasible treatment option, but large numbers of clinical trials are still needed to provide evidence for the conversion of conventional clinical treatment models. In the future, by more accurately assessing the tumor progression of patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, active surveillance is promising to alternate surgical treatments.