ObjectiveTo systematically review the prevalence of enuresis in Chinese children and adolescents. MethodsA computer search was conducted for epidemiological research on the prevalence of enuresis among Chinese children and adolescents in databases including CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently carried out literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was executed using R language, with baujat plots and subgroup analysis to investigate heterogeneity sources, and leave-one-out for sensitivity analysis. ResultsA total of 38 papers were included, encompassing 327 065 participants, with 18 392 children suffering from enuresis. The aggregate prevalence rate was 5.59% (95%CI 4.58% to 6.81%). The prevalence rate showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing age, with rates at ages 5, 12, and 18 being 12.30% (95%CI 9.96% to 15.11%), 2.07% (95%CI 1.68% to 2.56%), and 1.95% (95%CI 0.90% to 4.20%), respectively. The incidence rate in male children was higher at 6.36% (95%CI 5.49% to 7.36%) than that in female children at 4.30% (95%CI 3.57% to 5.16%). Using DSM-IV as the diagnostic criteria, the prevalence rate was 3.78% (95%CI 2.58% to 5.52%), while it was 5.99% (95%CI 4.75% to 7.52%) using ICCS as the criteria. ConclusionThe prevalence of enuresis among Chinese children and adolescents is affected by factors such as region, age, gender, and diagnostic standards. The prevalence is higher in South China, decreases with age, and is significantly higher in males than in females.