ObjectivesTo systematically review the epidemiological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Chinese elderly population.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the epidemiological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in China from inception to May 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 25 studies involving 56 720 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of MCI in Chinese elderly population was 14% (95%CI 12% to 17%), in which 12.1% (95%CI 9.7% to 14.5%) was male and 14.8% (95%CI 12.5% to 17.2%) was female. The prevalence of MCI was 8% (95%CI 6.0% to 10.1%) in the elderly aged 60 to 69, 13.1% (95%CI 10.6% to 15.6%) in the elderly aged 70 to 79 and 23.4% (95%CI 18.3% to 28.6%) in the elderly aged above 80. The prevalence of MCI was 23% (95%CI 18.3% to 27.6%) in the elderly who were illiterate, 15.2% (95%CI 11.2% to 19.2%) among the elderly with a primary education and 9.8% (95%CI 7.1% to 12.6%) among the elderly with an education above junior high school. The prevalence of MCI was 9.9% (95%CI 5.5% to 14.2%) in urban areas, and 16.7% (95%CI 11.2% to 22.2%) in rural areas. The prevalence of MCI was 12.1% (95%CI 7.7% to 16.5%) in married individuals and 17.1% (95%CI 13.9% to 20.2%) in single individuals. The prevalence of MCI was 15.4% (95%CI 11.4% to 19.4%) in northern China, 14.1% (95%CI 11.1% to 17.2%) in eastern China, 5.4% (95%CI 3.9% to 6.9%) in northeast China, 13% (95%CI 6.2% to 19.8%) in Central-south China, 11.7% (95%CI 10.2% to 13.2%) in the southwest China and 17.4% (95%CI 2.5% to 32.3%) in northwest China. By using the diagnostic criteria proposed by Petersen, the prevalence of MCI was 15.2% (95%CI 11.8% to 18.7%), and was 12.4% (95%CI 9.4% to 15.4%) using the criteria of the DSM-Ⅳ.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MCI is high in China, and varies with gender, age, education, location, marital status, region and diagnostic criteria.
ObjectivesTo explore the current situation, hotspots and trends of research on chronic stable angina pectoris in recent 15 years in China, based on bibliometrics, co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis and visualization analysis.MethodsUsing CNKI database as the source of literature, we collected the related research of chronic stable angina from 2004 to 2018. Citespace software was used to conduct co-occurrence analysis with authors, institutions and keywords as nodes, cluster analysis, time evolution analysis and Burst analysis of keywords, and corresponding visualization maps were drawn and analyzed.ResultsA total of 4 329 related literatures were retrieved, with analysis showing that the focus of research on chronic stable angina pectoris had been developing steadily in recent years, in which the outstanding contribution was represented by Yang guanlin, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its affiliated hospital. Research hotspots and frontiers had been mainly focused on angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, trimetazidine, clinical research and other aspects.ConclusionsCiteSpace is used to analyze researches on chronic stable angina pectoris published on Chinese journals from full-text databases in recent 15 years, while intuitively represent the general situation of researches on chronic stable angina pectoris in the past 15 years, preliminarily revealing the cooperative researchers and institutions, forming a general understanding of its research hotspots, frontiers and research trends, and providing a reference for the future development direction.
ObjectivesTo systematically evaluate the impact of Tai Chi on the fall and balance function of middle-aged and the elderly.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the influence of Tai Chi on the balance function and fall of middle-aged and the elderly from inception to August, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 20 RCTs involving 3 842 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the Tai Chi group was superior to the control group in the improvement of the fall rate (RR=0.82, 95%CI 0.75 to 0.90, P<0.000 01), single-leg standing test (MD=5.76, 95%CI 0.62 to 10.90, P=0.03), Berg balance scale (MD=1.04, 95%CI 0.23 to 1.85, P=0.01), timed up and go (MD=−0.71, 95%CI −0.88 to −0.54, P<0.000 01), chair stand test (MD=0.87, 95%CI 0.05 to 1.70, P=0.04) and other indicators, and the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that Tai Chi can improve the balance function of middle-aged and the elderly, reduce the fall rate, and have a certain preventive effect on falls. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the detection rate of depression in Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect observational studies on the detection rate of depression in Chinese with T2DM from inception to January, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by R 3.6.1 software.ResultsA total of 29 studies involving 96 557 cases were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the total detection rate of depression in Chinese with T2DM was 27% (95%CI 24% to 30%). Subgroup analysis showed that the detection rate of depression in female was 32% (95%CI 20% to 45%), and in male was 26% (95%CI 18% to 37%). The detection rate of depression in rural areas was 36% (95%CI 18% to 54%), and in urban areas was 30% (95%CI 16% to 43%). The detection rate of depression in individuals aged 60 and above was 31% (95%CI 24% to 39%), and in individuals aged less than 60 was 23% (95%CI 10% to 36%). Individuals with a primary school education and below, a middle or high school education and college degree and above education had detection rate of 31%, 23% and 22%, respectively. Individuals with diabetes duration less than 5 years, 5 to 10 years and more than 10 years had detection rates of 23%, 25% and 30%, respectively. Individuals with and without complications had detection rates of 43% and 26%, respectively. The detection rates of mild and moderate to major depression were 20% and 10%, respectively.ConclusionsThe detection rate of depression in Chinese with T2DM is high. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.
This paper analyzed literatures on the specificity study of electroencephalogram (EEG) in the diagnosis of depression since 2010 to 2020, summarized the recent research directions in this field and prospected the future research hotspots at home and abroad. Based on databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the core collection of Web of Science (WOS), CiteSpace software was used to analyze the relevant literatures in this research field. The number of relevant literatures, countries, authors, research institutions, key words, cited literatures and periodicals related to this research were analyzed, respectively, to explore research hotspots and development trends in this field. A total of 2 155 articles were included in the WOS database. The most published institution was the University of Toronto, the most published country was the United States, China occupied the third place, and the hot keywords were anxiety, disorder, brain and so on. A total of 529 literatures were included and analyzed in CNKI database. The institution with the most publications was the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and the hot keywords were EEG signal, event-related potential, convolutional neural network, schizophrenia, etc. This study finds that EEG study of depression is developing rapidly at home and abroad. Research directions in the world mainly focus on exploring the characteristics of spontaneous EEG rhythm and nonlinear dynamic parameters during sleep in depressed patients. In addition, synchronous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and EEG technologies also attract much attention abroad, and the future research hotspot will be on the mechanism of EEG on patients with major depression. Domestic research directions mainly focus on the classification of resting EEG and the control study of resting EEG power spectrum entropy in patients with schizophrenia and depression, and future research hotspot is the basic and clinical EEG study of depressed patients complicated with anxiety.
With the increasing prominence of population aging, the cognitive decline of the elderly has gradually become a hotspot of clinical research. As a traditional rehabilitation exercise, Tai Chi has been proved to have a positive effect on improving cognitive function and delaying cognitive decline in the elderly. However, the related brain function mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, we collected studies which observed the changes of Tai Chi on brain regions related to cognitive function in the elderly using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We summarized relevant studies from perspective of structural and functional changes in the brain. The results showed that Tai Chi may delay and improve cognitive decline in the elderly by reshaping the structure and function of brain regions related to cognitive function such as memory, attention and execution. The effect of Tai Chi for cognitive function may be associated with positive regulation of cardiovascular function, emotion and meditation level of the elderly. In addition, the improvement of cognitive function further enhances the balance of the elderly. We also found that practice time, frequency and intensity of Tai Chi could be factors influencing the improvement of cognitive function and brain function in the elderly.
ObjectivesTo evaluate the quality of methodology and evidence of the exiting systematic reviews (SRs) of acupuncture therapy for post-stroke spastic paralysis.MethodsCNKI, CBM, The Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect SRs of acupuncture therapy for post-stroke spastic paralysis from inception to December 16th, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of methodology and evidence by AMSTAR 2 scale and GRADE system.ResultsA total of 7 SRs were included. The results showed that acupuncture therapy had obvious advantages in treating post-stroke spastic paralysis without obvious adverse reactions. The results of AMSTAR 2 scale showed that the failure of key items 2 and 7 resulted in extremely low methodological quality. The results of GRADE system showed that 46.15% of which were low-level evidence quality, 42.31% were medium, 11.54% were extremely low, and no evidence quality were high.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that acupuncture and moxibustion therapy is effective in treating spastic paralysis after stroke, however, the quality of the SRs is low. The studies are required to be standardized and combined with the characteristics of TCM to obtain high quality evidence in the future.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched to collect studies on the detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with T2DM from inception to January 20th, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 27 studies involving 7 920 cases were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the total detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with T2DM was 43.2% (95%CI 36.9% to 49.6%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in T2DM patients, the detection rate of cognitive impairment in males was 42.4% (95%CI 34.4% to 50.4%), and that in females was 48.2% (95%CI 40.9% to 55.6%). The detection rate of cognitive impairment was 25.4% (95%CI 14.7% to 36.0%) in patients under the age of 60 years, and 47.0% (95%CI 30.0% to 64.0%) in patients aged 60 years or above. The detection rate of cognitive impairment among those with primary school education level or below was 67.1% (95%CI 48.9% to 85.3%). The detection rate of cognitive impairment was 37.1% (95%CI 27.3% to 46.8%) among those with education level of junior high school or above. The detection rate of cognitive impairment in patients with disease duration less than 10 years was 28.4% (95%CI 16.0% to 40.9%) and that in patients with disease duration more than 10 years was 50.6% (95%CI 33.2% to 68.0%). The detection rate of cognitive impairment in married individuals was 45.6% (95%CI 35.8% to 55.4%) and that in singles was 68.1% (95%CI 57.5% to 78.7%). The detection rate of cognitive impairment in smokers was 38.9% (95%CI 30.7% to 47.2%) and in non-smokers was 40.9% (95%CI 32.1% to 49.6%). The detection rate of cognitive impairment in drinkers was 35.6% (95%CI 27.3% to 44.0%) and that in non-drinkers was 41.8% (95%CI 32.2% to 51.4%).ConclusionsThe detection rate of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients with T2DM is high. Due to the quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. MethodsDatabases including Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP were electronically searched for studies on MRI in diagnosis of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder from inception to January 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Disc, RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software. ResultsA total of 17 studies were finally included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnosis odds ratio and area under the curve of SROC were 0.78 (95%CI 0.76 to 0.81), 0.77 (95%CI 0.75 to 0.79), 3.92 (95%CI 2.83 to 5.41), 0.28 (95%CI 0.23 to 0.35), 14.8 (95%CI 9.31 to 23.52) and 0.86, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the source of patients, age, prediction methods and analysis features were potential sources of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity in the subgroup of 1-3 years old was small, and the pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of SROC were 0.81 (95%CI 0.76 to 0.85), 0.82 (95%CI 0.78 to 0.86) and 0.87, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of SROC for non-site studies were 0.80 (95%CI 0.75 to 0.84), 0.80 (95%CI 0.76 to 0.85) and 0.86, respectively. ConclusionMRI has a high accuracy in the diagnosis of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder; however, the possibility of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis should be considered. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.