Objective To investigate the death rate and life lost of the Xinjian district residents in Nanchang city, and to provide scientific evidence for the health administrators to formulate relevant policies and improve the life expectancy of the residents. Methods Based on the population and the death data in this area from 2011 to 2015, the mortality, the cause of death spectrum, the life expectancy, the life expectancy for death causes, the potential years of life lost (PYLL), the potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), the average potential years of life lost (APYLL), the standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL), the standardized potential years of life lost rate (SPYLLR) were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. Results From 2011 to 2015, the crude death rate of Xinjian district was 538.38/10 million, the standardized mortality rate was 563.00/10 million, the crude death rate of males is higher than that of females (χ2=788.91, P<0.01); the causes of death in the top five were follows: circulatory system diseases, tumor, respiratory system diseases, injury, endocrine, nutrition and metabolic diseases. The causes of death were in the same order whether in male or female. Mortality rates of different age groups showed that the mortality rates began to rise substantially after the age of 30, the main causes of death were different between the low age group and the high age group. The life expectancy of residents was 78.38 years, the PYLL for all causes of death was 129 087.5 years, the PYLLR was 39.84‰, the APYLL was 17.44 years, the SPYLL was 134 057.00 years, the SPYLLR was 38.61‰. The PYLL caused by injury was 46 191.5 years, the PYLLR was 14.26‰, APYLL was 33.14 years, of which were all ranked first. The SPYLL caused by tumor was 48 414.95 years, the SPYLLR was 13.94‰, of which were ranked first. Conclusion The mortality rate of Xinjian district residents is higher than that of Nanchang urban residents, but lower than the average level of Jiangxi province and the whole country. Life reduction analysis shows that chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries are the main causes of death for residents in the area. The three levels prevention is of great significance to reduce the death of residents and improve their life expectancy.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the disease burden of pneumoconiosis in Chinese population so as to provide references for health resources allocation and health policy making.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched for studies on investigation of the disease burden of pneumoconiosis in Chinese population from inception to 31st January, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, exacted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Systematic review was performed on data of pneumoconiosis associated population, mortality, and disease burden.ResultsA total of 26 studies were included. Qualitative analysis showed that the decrease of DALY and YLL of pneumoconiosis in China had been lower than that in globally, and the increase of YLD had been higher than that in globally in recent 10 years. 14 factors were included in the analysis of influencing factors on the financial burden or hospitalization expenses of pneumoconiosis patients; among them, the length of hospitalization, related complications, and pneumoconiosis stage were the most important indexes which had influence or difference on patients’ financial burden (or hospitalization expenses). The burden of pneumoconiosis in the Chinese population was primarily concentrated on males. Occupational diseases caused most of them, and middle-aged and older adults were the primary population for pneumoconiosis. However, young patients due to early-onset age, long course of disease and complications, and other factors resulting in a larger YLD phenomenon should also be considered.ConclusionsThe disease burden of pneumoconiosis patients in China is still heavy. It is recommended to continue to reduce the DALY of pneumoconiosis among the Chinese population as a long-term goal, and to strengthen control strategies to curb the early onset and death of pneumoconiosis.
ObjectivesTo investigate and analyze the activities of daily living status and influencing factors for the elderly of long-term care in Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province, and provide a basis for Shangrao City to carry out long-term care insurance for the elderly. MethodsCluster sampling was used to investigate the elderly aged 60 and over in 12 counties (cities, districts)of Shangrao, including the elderly general demographic characteristics and activity of daily living survey. ResultsA total of 1 087 elderly people were surveyed, with an average age of 77.75±8.12 and a total 70.6±21.4 score of activity of daily living. Comparing different age groups, the elder age group had a worse activity of daily living (P<0.001). Those with a higher education level had relatively poor activity of daily living (P<0.001), and those with spouse also had poor activity of daily living (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), marital status (P<0.05) and income level (P<0.05) were important factors affecting the scores of activity of daily living of the elderly. ConclusionsAge, education level, marital status, low-income situation, chronic disease, and household registration are the main risk factors affecting the score of the long-term care of the elderly in daily life. The establishment of a long-term care insurance system should be based on chronic diseases, age, marital status and other factors to determine the corresponding long-term care standard scoring system and compensation standards.
Lung cancer is a most common malignant tumor of the lung and is the cancer with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who have undergone epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations, targeted drugs can be used for targeted therapy. There are many methods for detecting EGFR gene mutations, but each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. This study aims to predict the risk of EGFR gene mutation by exploring the association between the histological features of the whole slides pathology of non-small cell lung cancer hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the patient's EGFR mutant gene. The experimental results show that the area under the curve (AUC) of the EGFR gene mutation risk prediction model proposed in this paper reached 72.4% on the test set, and the accuracy rate was 70.8%, which reveals the close relationship between histomorphological features and EGFR gene mutations in the whole slides pathological images of non-small cell lung cancer. In this paper, the molecular phenotypes were analyzed from the scale of the whole slides pathological images, and the combination of pathology and molecular omics was used to establish the EGFR gene mutation risk prediction model, revealing the correlation between the whole slides pathological images and EGFR gene mutation risk. It could provide a promising research direction for this field.
ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of dental caries among twelve-year-old children and its correlation with the behavior of sugary food intake in Jiangxi province, so as to provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention of dental caries in Jiangxi province.MethodsA stratified, multistage and cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 2040 cases of twelve-year-old children in 10 counties in Jiangxi province. Clinical examination of dental health was performed on children to diagnose dental caries, and questionnaires were used to investigate the intake of sugary food. Chi-square test, rank sum test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe caries prevalence among the 2040 cases of twelve-year-old children in Jiangxi province was 24.40%. The prevalence of caries in the rural areas was higher than that of urban areas (27.8% vs. 20.9%, P<0.05). The prevalence of caries in females was higher than that in males (28.70% vs. 20.10%, P<0.001). The DMFT of urban children was lower than that of rural children (0.39 vs. 0.55, P<0.001). According to logistic regression analysis, the risk of caries among children in Ganzhou was lower than that in Jiujiang (OR=0.629, 95%CI 0.448 to 0.883, P=0.007); the caries risk of rural children was higher than that of urban (OR=1.471, 95%CI 1.196 to 1.810, P<0.001); compared with males, females were more susceptible to dental caries (OR=1.588, 95%CI 1.291 to 1.954, P<0.001), and the caries risk increased with the frequency of eating dessert.ConclusionsThe prevalence of dental caries among twelve-year-old children in Jiangxi province is such that children in rural areas are higher than that of urban areas, females are higher than males, individuals who consume more sweet desserts and sweet drinks are more likely to develop dental caries. Focusing on rural areas and women, reducing the frequency of sweet desserts and sweet drinks, and strengthening the management of Jiujiang as a key area is of considerable significance in preventing childhood dental caries.
Objective To investigate the disease constitution of Yaqian Township Health Center (YQT) in Xiaoshan District of Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2010, so as to provide baseline data for further study. Methods Questionnaire and focus interview were carried out to collect inpatients’ case records from 2008 to 2010. The first diagnoses were classified according to ICD-10, and the data of discharge diagnoses were rearranged and analyzed by using Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 software. Results a) The total numbers of inpatients were 182, 195 and 248 from 2008 to 2010, respectively; b) The disease spectrum included 9-14 categories, which accounted for 47.6%-66.7% of ICD-10; c) The top 6 systematic diseases accounted for 37.37%-75.39%, which included the circulatory, injury, digestive, respiratory, neoplasms and urinary and reproductive systematic diseases; d) A total of 8 of the top 15 single diseases were the same, including hypertension, great saphenous vein varices, redundant prepuce, lung cancer, fracture, superficial injuries, acute appendicitis, and inguinal hernia; and e) The constitution ratio of the chronic diseases, compared with the acute ones, was higher in 2008, but lower in 2009 and 2010. Conclusion a) In recent three years, the main systematic diseases seen in YQT have been circulatory, injury, digestive, respiratory, neoplasms, and urinary and reproductive systematic diseases. The newly increased diseases in 2010 were pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. The acute diseases mainly are fracture and injure, while the chronic diseases mostly are hypertension; b) A total of 8 of the top 15 single diseases are the same, indicating the stability of the common inpatients’ diseases; and c) Attention should be paid in future to the chronic diseases management, women’s health and specialized subject construction.
Objective To understand the situation of commonly-used drugs, medical device and their storages in rural households among model well-off township hospitals in eastern, central and western China, and to provide the basis for the guidance of reasonably using and scientifically storing drugs. Methods The methods of combining simple random sampling and cluster sampling were used to investigate and analyze the situation of commonly-used drugs, medical device and their storages in 162 households from three well-off township hospitals in Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Sichuan provinces, respectively. Results The storage rates of commonly-used drugs of rural households in well-off towns were cold medicine (72.2%), wound paste (51.9%), cooling oil (39.5%), essential balm (36.4%), antihypertensive (27.8%), iodine tincture (14.2%), anti-diabetic drugs (13.0%) and other drugs (17.3%). The storage rates of medical devices were thermometer (50.0%), cotton swab (47.5%), sphygmomanometer (9.3%), injector (1.2%) and other devices (22.2%). A total of 66% of respondent families stored drugs and medical devices in a fixed drawer. Only 3.1% families stored drugs and medical devices in the special portable medical kit. Conclusion Rural families have a higher rate of household drugs among model well-off township hospitals in eastern, central and western China, and most drugs are OTC drugs. The storage rates of medical devices are not high. Many rural family-owned medical devices are linked with special chronic diseases in the family. A lot of rural families place drugs and medical devices randomly. There are many security risks, and it may affect the rational utilization of drugs.
Objective To understand the demands on portable medicine kit of rural residents in well-off township hospitals, and to provide the basis for scientifically designing portable medicine kit for rural residents. Methods The methods of combining simple random sampling and cluster sampling were used to investigate and analyze the demands on portable medicine kit for 162 households from three well-off township hospitals in Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Sichuan province, respectively. Results The demand rate of 162 rural households on portable medicine kit was 75.3% (122/162). The main drugs that demanders expected in the portable medicine kit were cold medicine (86.1%), wound paste (82.0%), cooling oil (61.5%), essential balm (54.9%) and antihypertensive (34.4%); and the main medical devices that demanders expected were thermometer (82%), cotton swab (73%) and sphygmomanometer (32.8%). The sizes of portable medicine kit that demanders expected were 23.7±8.5 cm in length, 17.1±6.4 cm in width, and 14.1±6.5 cm in height. The main function characteristics of portable medicine kit that demanders expected were applicability (74.6%), safety (60.7%), light weight (68.0%), economics (60.7%), and waterproof (46.7%). A total of 72.1% of demanders expected the price of less than 15 yuan, and 91.8% expected kit made of hard materials as plastic as the first choice. Conclusion The demand rate of rural residents on portable medicine kit is higher in well-off township hospital. The design and production of portable medicine kit should fully meet the demands of rural residents. Only when sufficiant respect for the market demand is paid, can the promotion and application of portable kits will be ensured.
Objective To understand the current situation of medical service and management in Luxi township health center (LxC) in Yongxin county of Jiangxi province, so as to provide baseline data about drug allocation, logistic key techniques research and products development for township health centers. Methods By means of questionnaire and focus interview, the LxC was investigated from the following aspects: general information, human resources, medicine list, basic device configuration, medical service and management, as well as service efficiency. Results a) Yongxin county including 13 village committees covers an area of 86 km2, with the population of 22 300 in 2009, and it pertains to a backward area with the annual per capita income of RMB 4 100 yuan; b) Among the total 28 staffs in LxC, 78.6% were health workers; the general practitioner (GP)/nurse ratio was about 1?0.58; the proportion of GP, nurses, medical technicians, other staffs was 54.55%, 31.82%, 9.09% and 4.54%, respectively; the proportion of bachelor degree, junior college graduation and secondary technical school graduation was 9.1%, 13.6%, and 77.3%, respectively; and the ratio of elementary, middle, and high professional title of health workers was 15?5?1; c) There were 625 species of drugs in LxC in 2009, and the hospital beds approved by government were 0.69 per thousand agricultural persons, which, however, were 1.15 in fact. The rate of 51 basic equipments shown in national regulation was actually 76.5%, and the readiness and utilization rate of existing 40 equipments was 92.5%; and d) In 2009, the outpatients were 12 150 person-time, with the average cost of RMB 29.39 yuan; the hospital discharge was 1 589 person-time, with the average stay of 12 days and the average cost of RMB 490.05 yuan; the vaccine inoculations were 5 053 person-time; among the total income, the medical service income accounted for 73.2%, while the drug income accounted for 53.7%; the personnel expenditure was 31.0% of the total, and the balance of income and expenditure was RMB –263 500 yuan. Conclusion The hardware condition of LxC is not so good owing to the financial difficulties of Yongxin county and Jiangxi provincial government. In comparison with the whole country, although the professional title structure is ok, health workers are still not enough, with unreasonable specialty structure and low educational background. The rate of basic equipments and the approved hospital beds per thousand agricultural persons are low. There are 625 species of drugs, containing 218 species shown in 2009 national essential medicine list. And the other conditions are as follows: no information system, lack of public health service, short of financial input, high ratio of “running hospital by selling drugs”, and low efficiency of medical service. So the top priority of LxC construction should be figuring out all of the above issues, and better serving the people.
Objective To Investigate the disease constitution and hospitalization expense in Luxi township health center (LxC) in Yongxi county of Jiangxi Province in 2010, to make clear about the local burden of diseases and to provide the baseline data for further study. Methods The inpatient records of LxC in 2010 were collected. Based on the primary diagnosis on hospital discharge record, the diseases were standardized and classified according to the International Classification of Disease, 10th Edition (ICD-10). Data including general information of the inpatients, discharge diagnosis, hospitalization expense and usage of essential medicine etc, were reorganized and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 software. Results a) The total number of inpatients were 925 in 2010, with male/female ratio of 0.8; b) The disease spectrum included 17 categories, accounting for 81% of the ICD-10; c) The top 5 diseases were in respiratory, digestive, injury, poisoning amp; external causes, circulatory and genitourinary system, totally accounting for 82.27%; d) The top 15 single diseases were upper respiratory infection, fracture, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), chronic gastroenteritis, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), calculi in urinary system, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral discs diseases, cholecyslithiasis accompanied with cholecystitis, cardiac disease, reproductive organ diseases, injury amp; poisoning, pneumonia, hypertension and peptic ulcer; e) The patients with upper respiratory infection and pneumonia were mostly older than 65 or younger than 5 years old. With the exception of calculi in urinary system and peptic ulcer, all the other 8 chronic diseases were mainly seen in patients over 65 years old; f) Among the 15 single diseases as listed above, the chronic diseases were associated with shorter average hospital stay and low average expense compared with the acute diseases (4.8 d vs. 11.6 d; ?439.1 vs. ?666.9); and g) The hospitalization expense of LxC, although increasing year by year, was still far below that of the national township health centers (?542.3 vs. ?1 004.6). Conclusion a) The top 3 in inpatients systematic diseases of LxC are respiratory system, digestive system, and injury and poisoning; the former 2 diseases attack more often in females, and the acute diseases are mainly infection and fracture; b) Except for rheumatoid arthritis, cholecyslithiasis accompanied cholecystitis, cardiac diseases, reproductive organ diseases and peptic ulcer, all the other 10 of the top 15 single diseases are similar to Yong’an township health center (YaC) in Sichuan Province in 2010; c) The acute diseases mainly focus on respiratory system, and injury and poisoning, and the chronic diseases mainly focus on digestive system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue system; d) The number of patients who suffer from chronic diseases increases significantly when over of 35 years old, especially, often seen in female rather than male. The acute burden diseases is serious in patients less than 15 or more than 45 years old; e) The upper respiratory infection and pneumonia mainly affect the old and children; f) Compared with Xintian township health center (XtC) in Gansu Province, the average hospital stay of fracture patients is longer (43.7 d vs. 9.0 d), the hospitalization expense is higher (?1 948.0 vs. ?1 648.3), and the diseases is burden heavier (8.1% vs. 4.9%); and g) The average hospital stay of patients with acute diseases is longer than YaC and XtC (11.6 d vs. 3.7 d, 6.2 d), but the hospitalization expense is lower than both of them (?666.9 vs. ?850.4, ?906.9).