Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the influence of optical aberrations. Combined with scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO), the aberration of human refractive system can be corrected. Thus, the resolution and quality of imaging can be greatly improved to the cellular level in vivo retina (such as photoreceptor, nerve fibers, vascular parietal cell), therefore the earlier changes of the diseases can be detected. At the same time, microstructure changes of retinal can also be observed during the follow-up of the disease. Due to inherent technical defects of AOSLO, its wide application in clinical practice is limited. With the continuous progress of AO technology and the further improvement of related software functions, the function of the system will become more stronger and will play a more and more important role in scientific research and clinic.