ObjectiveTo observe the image features of eyes with indirect choroidal rupture on optical coherence tomography (OCT). MethodsFifteen patients (16 eyes) with indirect choroidal rupture were included in this study. There were 11 males (12 eyes) and 4 females (4 eyes). The mean age was (37.5±11.6) years old with a range from 19 to 57 years old. The disease course was ranged from 2 days to 43 years. One patient had bilateral lesions and 14 patients had unilateral lesions. Six patients (6 eyes) were in the acute stage, and 9 patients (10 eyes) were in the recovery stage. Average course of disease was (7.17±4.62) years in acute stage, and (7.93±13.64) years in recovery stage. Choroidal rupture locations of all the 16 eyes were in the posterior pole. Among them, 13 eyes involved foveal area, and 4 eyes with multiple fractures. OCT was used to measure the integrity of the reflective band on the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction layer as well as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the blood capillary complex in choroid and RPE for all patients. According to the literature, OCT reflection bands of the RPE and choriocapillaris complex can bent inward (type Ⅰ) or outward (type Ⅱ) to the center of the eyeballs with choroidal rupture. ResultsFor the 6 eyes in acute stage, 4 eyes were typeⅠ (66.67%) and 5 eyes were typeⅡ (83.33%). Three eyes (50.00%) had both typeⅠand typeⅡ OCT features. All 6 eyes (100.00%) had fuzzy or disappeared IS/OS reflective band, 5 eyes (83.33%) showed interrupted RPE reflection band, 4 eyes (66.67%) showed focal choroidal thinning. Two eyes were accompanied with macular hole and 2 eyes were with neural epithelium separated from the macular area. Among the 10 eyes during the recovery stage, 2 eyes (20.00%) were typeⅠand 8 eyes (80.00%) were type Ⅱ. Seven eyes (70.00%) had fuzzy or disappeared IS/OS reflective band, 1 eye (10.00%) showed interrupted RPE reflection band, 7 eyes (70.00%) showed focal choroidal thinning. One eye had secondary choroidal neovascularization, 2 eyes had macular hole, and 3 eyes had neural epithelium shrinkage. The proportion of typeⅠwas significantly higher in the acute stage than that in the recovery stage, and the difference was significant (P=0.001). The proportion of interrupted RPE reflection band in acute stage was also significantly higher than that of the recovery stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.002). ConclusionInjury eyes with indirect choroidal rupture mainly showed RPE choroid blood capillary complex extruding inward or outward the eyeball, fuzzy or disappeared IS/OS reflective band, RPE reflective band interruption or reduced, and focal choroidal thinning.
ObjectiveTo establish the co-culture model of mice's early embryo and tumor cells in Vitro to observe the embryonic development and biologic behavior of tumor cells in the same microenvironment and discuss their interaction. MethodsWe acquired 2-cell embryos from mice, and then co-cultured them with tumor cell lines of mice in Vitro. We observed the development of embryos in Vitro and the rates of 4-cell embryos, morula and blastocyst formation. The transwell chamber was used for culture. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium method was used to test the proliferative activity of tumor cells, while the flow cytometry was used to test its apoptosis. The interaction of co-cultured embryos and tumor cells was analyzed by propidium iodide staining and immunohistochemical technique. ResultsThe co-cultured 2-cell embryos could continue surviving and developing. The rates of 4-cell embryos, morula and blastocyst formation increased significantly in the co-cultured group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proliferative activity and apoptosis of tumor cells between the co-cultured group and the control group (P>0.05). Tumor-free ring formed between the trophoblast and tumor cells. We could observe tumor cells stacked around the tumor-free ring. However, no difference in expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and B-cell lymphoma leukemia-2 was observed in tumor cells stacking around the tumor-free ring compared with those elsewhere. ConclusionThe development of 2-cell embryos is enhanced in the co-culture model. The proliferative activity and apoptosis of tumor cells are not affected in this model. A tumor-free ring can form between trophoblast and tumor cells. However, the proliferative activity of tumor cells is not affected by this ring.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between compliance of clinical respiratory bundle and duration of mechanical ventilation. MethodsThe data of patients who admitted to intensive care unit (ICU)of Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between June 2013 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.The patients with respiratory insufficiency who ventilated more than 48 hours were included into the study. ResultsFifty-five patients were enrolled into the final analysis.There were 43 males and 12 females with a mean age of 63.47±12.49 years.The mean sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)score was 2.8±2.2,and the mean simplified acute physiology score 3 (SAPS3)was 51±14 on ICU admission.The mean duration of mechanical ventilation of all 55 patients was 7.3±5.5 days.The compliance of low tidal volume strategy was 23.6%(13/55).No significant difference was found on duration of mechanical ventilation between the patients who was compliant with low tidal volume strategy and the patients who was not compliant (7.31±7.02 days vs. 7.31±5.07 day,P=0.444).A negative correlation between compliance of protocolized sedation strategy and duration of mechanical ventilation was found by Bivariate spearman correlation analysis (r2=0.312,P<0.001).A negative correlation between compliance of spontaneous awakening trial strategy and duration of mechanical ventilation (r2=0.337,P<0.001)and a negative correlation between compliance of spontaneous breathing trial strategy and duration of mechanical ventilation (r2=0.280,P<0.001)were also found by Bivariate spearman correlation analysis.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only spontaneous awakening trial strategy was correlated with duration of mechanical ventilation(B=-0.623,P<0.001). ConclusionThe more compliance with clinical respiratory bundle,especially with spontaneous awakening trial strategy,the shorter of duration of mechanical ventilation.The effect of low tidal volume strategy on the duration of mechanical ventilation needs further studies.