ObjectiveTo highlight the characteristics of bronchial foreign body in Adults. MethodsThe clinical data of three patients with bronchial foreign body were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. ResultsForeign bodies in three patients were all located in right bronchi. Their initial diagnoses were tumor, pneumonia and foreign body, respectively. They all didn't offer a definite history of foreign body aspiration. Foreign bodies in three patients were diagnosed and treated by bronchoscopy. Through reviewing 978 related literatures, we found 2920 cases of bronchial foreign body in adults. 75.00% of them didn't offer a history of foreign body aspiration. 80.13% of them were misdiagnosed as other diseases before bronchoscopy, such as pneumonia(31.23%), lung cancer(25.21%), tuberculosis(5.81%), bronchiectasis(6.58%) and asthma(12.47%). Some of them were misdiagnosed for over 30 years. ConclusionsBronchial foreign bodies in adults are easily misdiagnosed. Bronchoscopy plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of bronchial foreign body.
背景虽然当前已有一些评估卫生保健指南可靠性的工具，但仍缺乏针对制定指南实际步骤的指导。针对指南制定者们所需考虑的相关资源和工具，我们系统研发了一份全面的条目清单，但这并不意味着每篇指南都需遵守该清单的所有条目。 方法我们检索了国际指南制定机构的指南制定手册、指南的指南（主要是来自国际和国家机构以及专业学会的方法学报告），以及提供系统指导的最新文章。经过反复评价这些资料，尽可能全面地罗列和提取条目，并制定与指南有关的重要主题。通过反复讨论，我们对条目进行评价以去重和补漏，同时邀请指南制定专家对所增加的条目进行修改并提出建议。 结果我们制定了一份包含18个主题、146个条目的清单，并建立了帮助指南制定者应用这些条目的网站。这些主题和条目涵盖了指南从规划、完成、实施和评估的全过程。最终的清单版本也包括了培训所需的资料以及应用这些条目时用到的方法学参考文献的链接。 解释本清单将提供给指南制定者用作参考。仔细考虑清单中的条目将有助于指南的制定、实施和评估，我们也将会通过大众反馈来修订并持续更新清单。