Exercise is vital for diabetics to improve their blood glucose level. However, the quantitative relationship between exercise modes (including types, intensity, time, etc.) and the blood glucose is still not clear. In order to answer these questions, this paper established a blood glucose metabolic model based on ordinary differential equation method. Furthermore, a silico method was adopted to study the effects of different aerobic exercise intensities (light, moderate and vigorous) on blood glucose and optimal strategies of insulin infusion for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, the universality of proposed model and insulin infusion strategies was verified based on 1 000 virtual diabetes patients’ simulation. The experimental results showed that: (1) Vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise may result in hypoglycemia (< 3.89 mmol/L), which was so harmful to health that diabetics should avoid. Compared with moderate-intensity exercise, the light-intensity aerobic exercise intuitively lowered blood glucose slowly and caused a relative long high-blood-glucose (> 6.11 mmol/L) period, however, its overall blood glucose risk index (BGRI) was lower. (2) Insulin dosage of the optimized strategies decreased by 50% and 84% for T1DM and T2DM when they did moderate intensity exercise. As for light intensity exercise, the dosage of insulin was almost the same as they didn’t do exercise, but BGRI decreased significantly. (3) The simulations of 1 000 virtual diabetic patients manifested that the proposed model and the insulin infusion strategies had good universality. The results of this study can not only help to improve the quantitative understanding about the effects of aerobic exercise on blood glucose of diabetic patients, but also contribute to the regulation and management of blood glucose in exercise mode.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on cardiac function, exercise capacity, quality of life and depression in patients with heart failure.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on HIIE on cardiac function, exercise capacity, quality of life and depression in patients with heart failure from inception to April, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 15.1 software were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 16 RCTs involving 549 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, HIIE could increase peak oxygen consumption (MD=2.04, 95%CI 0.74 to 3.33, P=0.002), peak work rate (MD=12.85, 95%CI 1.17 to 24.52, P=0.03), left ventricular ejection fraction (MD=4.24, 95% CI 1.40 to 7.07, P=0.003), quality of life (MD=7.32, 95%CI 1.41 to 13.22, P=0.02), and the six minute walk distance (MD=42.46, 95%CI 20.40 to 64.52, P=0.000 2). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in the depression score (SMD=0.39, 95%CI −0.52 to 1.31, P=0.40) and VE/VCO2 Slope (MD=0.12, 95%CI −1.02 to 1.26, P=0.84).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that compared with routine exercise or moderate intensity exercise, HIIE can improve exercise capacity, quality of life and cardiac function in patients with heart failure, but there is no significant difference in improving depression. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.
As an innovative training method, blood flow restrictive exercise has gradually received extensive attention and application in rehabilitation medicine in recent years. Blood flow restrictive exercise can be combined with low-load, low-intensity training to promote individual muscle hypertrophy and enhance muscle strength to prevent muscle atrophy, which provides an alternative for those who cannot perform high-load, high-intensity training. However, the clinical use strategy and clinical application effect of blood flow restriction exercise are still unclear. This article will mainly introduce the operation methods, use risks, and application methods of blood flow restrictive exercise, in order to provide a reference for the clinical application and research of blood flow restrictive exercise.
Stroke has a high disability rate, with patients often experiencing varying degrees of motor function impairment. Some patients also have concurrent cardiovascular diseases, leading to varying degrees of cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Formulating exercise prescriptions tailored to stroke patients, selecting appropriate assessment methods, and determining suitable exercise intensity are significant clinical concerns. However, there is a lack of definitive conclusions on how to formulate precise exercise prescriptions based on the assessment of cardiopulmonary and motor functions. This paper reviews the determination of post-stroke exercise loads and current research on stroke and cardiopulmonary fitness, aiming to provide a basis for the precise formulation of exercise prescriptions for stroke patients.