Objective To observe the effects of structure and function of cornea, chamber angle and retina of varying doses of Bevacizumab which was injected intravitreally in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into three groups randomly, the right eyes in three groups received int ravitreal injection Avastin at dose 1.25 mg，2.5 mg and 5 mg respectively as experimental eye, the left eyes accepted intravitreal injection 0.9% normal saline at the same volume as a control eye. The anterior segment of eye and ocular fundus were examined and intraocular pressure was measured by slit-lamp microscope and direct ophthalmoscope before and after injection. It was tested by Electroretino gram (ERG) before and after injection 1, 4, 8 weeks. At the 8th week, it carried out corneal endothelium counting; then enucleated eyes to observe by the light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results No statistically significant difference regard to IOP,corneal endothelium counting, a-and b-waves of ERG at any stage of study in every group（P＞0.05）. No obvious change at cornea, chamber angle, retinal structure and retinal ultrastructure in every group under light microscope. Conclusion This study indicated that there is no obvio us toxicity of intravitreal injection with Avastin 1.25~5.0 mg in normal rabbit eyes. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：189-192）
Objective To review the current progress of clinical and experimental research of vascularized lymph node transfer for lymphedema. Methods The domestic and abroad literature about vascularized lymph node transfer in treatment of lymphedema was reviewed and analyzed. Results Experimental studies in animal model indicate that vascularized lymph node transfer can improve lymph node survival and show a promising effectiveness in reducing lymphedema. " Lymphatic wick” and " lymph pump” were the two main hypotheses proposed to explain the potential functional mechanism of vascularized lymph node transfer in treatment of lymphedema. Improvement in lymphedema symptoms are reported in most of the clinical trials, but the level of evidence to advocate this procedure in the treatment of lymphedema remains low because of the small number of the cases and problems in their methodologies. Conclusion Based on current evidence, vascularized lymph node transfer seems to be a promising treatment for lymphedema, but long-term well-designed studies are required to further explore the effectiveness of this procedure.
ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of T lymphocyte transplantation of EphrinAl-Caspase-3 on the growth of breast cancer.MethodsSix-week-old BALB/c nude mice were used to inoculate breast cancer cells to construct a nude mouse model of breast cancer. They were randomly divided into 3 groups according to random number table: PBS group received intratumoral injection of 10 μL PBS, and negative control group received intratumoral injection of 1×106 T lymphocytes uninfected with adenovirus, 1×106 EphrinAl-Caspase3-T lymphocytes were injected intratumorally into the infected group, and the tumors size (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 d) were measured with vernier calipers every 3 days until end of experiment. The content of EphrinAl-Caspase-3 in the tissues of the nude mice was measured. The presence of T lymphocytes expressing green fluorescent protein and the ratio of Caspase-3-positive and Ki-67-positive cell were observed by pathological examination.ResultsOn the day 0 and day 3, there were no significant difference in tumor volume between the 3 groups (P>0.05). On the 6th day and later, the difference between the infected group and the PBS group/negative control group were statistically significant (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference in tumor volume between the PBS group and negative control group at each time point (P>0.05). The presence of scattered green fluorescent protein-labeled EphrinAl-Caspase-3-T lymphocytes was observed in the tumor tissues of the infected group, while the presence of green fluorescent protein were not detected in the PBS group and the negative control group. In the infected cells, ratio of Caspase-3-positive cell was up-regulated and ratio of Ki-67-positive cell was down-regulated. The expression of EphrinAl-Caspase-3 could be detected on the 3rd day in the infected group, and at the peak on the 6-day, then the amount of secretion gradually decreased. The expression of EphrinAl-Caspase-3 were not detected in the PBS group and the negative control group at each time point.ConclusionEphrinAl-Caspase-3 can significantly inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and promote apoptosis.
ObjectiveTo systematically investigate the registration status, methodology and reporting quality of the systematic review protocols for animal experiment registered on PROSPERO platform.MethodsSystematic review protocols of animal experiments registered on PROSPERO platform were searched up to December 31st, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and performed a descriptive analysis of the methodological quality and reporting characteristics of the included studies.ResultsA total of 351 protocols from 50 countries were included, involving 22 diseases. The intervention measures were primarily "pharmaceutical chemicals". Only approximately 1/3 of the studies reported the search strategy from at least one database, approximately half of the studies were prepared to report heterogeneity analysis and publication bias, and only approximately 1/3 of the studies were prepared to report sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThe quantity of systematic reviews of animal experiments registered on the PROSPERO platform is increasing annually, however, there are still some limitations in the methodology and reporting quality.
ObjectiveTo verify the feasibility of a self-designed magnetic anchoring and traction device (MATD) for assisting two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy.MethodsThree Beagle dogs were selected as animal models with age ranging from 1-6 years and weight ranging from 8-12 kg, and they underwent two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy after general anesthesia. We used the MATD to retract the esophagus to different directions, which assisted mobilizing esophagus, detecting the nerves along esophagus and dissecting paraesophagus lymph nodes. The operation time, blood loss and feasibility of the MATD were recorded.ResultsWith the aid of the MATD, we successfully retracted and mobilized the esophagus, detected the nerves and dissected the lymph nodes in three Beagle dog models. During the operation, the MATD provided sufficient and steady traction of esophagus to achieve a good exposure of the operative field, effectively decreasing the interference between working instruments. The MATD worked well. The mean operation time was 30 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was about 10 mL.ConclusionIt is effective to use the MATD to assist retracting esophagus during video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The magnetic anchoring and traction technique can assist to expose the surgical field, decrease the interference between the working instruments and have the potential clinical application.
ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect and safety of irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation technique on esophageal cancer.MethodsAn ECM830 electroporator was used for IRE treatment on esophageal cancer cells EC109 and KYSE30. According to the different electric field intensity, five groups were assigned: a control group, a 500 V/cm group, a 1000 V/cm group, a 1500 V/cm group, and a 2 000 V/cm group. After 24 h, methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) was used to detect the cell proliferation of each group. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis proteins in cells before or after IRE treatment. Eight healthy BALB/c nude mice were equally divided into two groups: a control group (n=4) and an IRE group (n=4). EC109 was used to establish subcutaneous transplantation tumors and subsequently the mice in the IRE group were treated with flat electrode. The weight and volume of tumors were measured after 14 days. Ten healthy New Zealand white rabbits were equally divided into two groups: a control group (n=5) and an IRE group (n=5). After exposing the abdominal cavity, the abdominal esophagus of the IRE group was treated with flat electrode. Seven days later, the esophagus was extracted for HE and Masson staining.ResultsWhen the electric field intensity was low (500 V/cm), there was no change in esophageal cancer cells proliferation after IRE treatment compared to the control group (EC109: P=0.385, KYSE30: P=0.600). With the increase of electric field intensity, the influence of IRE on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cell gradually increased. When it reached 2 000 V/cm, there was basically no cell viability after IRE treatment (P<0.001). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-3 increased after IRE treatment (P<0.01). Animal experiments indicated that the weight and volume of tumors in nude mice reduced (P<0.05) and the growth of tumors was slowed down after IRE treatment. In addition, the parenchymal cells of rabbit esophagus were largely damaged, while interstitial tissues such as fibers were well preserved.ConclusionIRE ablation has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cancer cell and slow down the tumor growth.What’s more, it is safe for the esophagus.
ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of using magnetic beads to locate small pulmonary nodules.MethodsTwelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, 6 in each group. One group underwent thoracotomy after anesthesia and the other group underwent percutaneous puncture under the guidance of X-ray. One and two cylindrical tracer magnets (magnetic beads) with a diameter of 1 mm and a height of 3 mm were injected adjacent to the imaginary pulmonary nodules in left lung in each group. The magnetic beads beside the imaginary nodules were attracted by a pursuit magnet with a diameter of 9 mm and a height of 19 mm. The effectiveness of localization by magnetic beads were determined by attraction between tracer and pursuit magnets.ResultsAll processes were uneven in 12 rabbits. There was micro hemorrhage and no hematoma in the lung tissue at the injection site of the magnetic beads. When tracked with the pursuit magnets, there was one bead divorce in cases that one bead was injected, but no migration or divorce of the magnetic beads in cases that two magnetic beads were simultaneously injected to localize the small pulmonary nodules.ConclusionThe feasibility of using magnetic beads to locate small pulmonary nodules has been preliminarily verified.
Objective To explore the feasibility of 5G remote robot-assisted pulmonary lobectomy through animal experiments. Methods In this research, the Toumai® surgical robot was manipulated remotely by the surgeon in the Control Center of the MedBot Company through the 5G network established by China Telecom, and the experimental pig underwent lobectomy in simulated operating room. Results The animal experiment surgery was successfully completed. The surgeon remotely manipulated the surgical robot to complete the lobectomy of right apical lobe and mediastinal lymph node dissection. The entire animal experiment took about 60 minutes, with an average round-trip network delay of 125 (110-155) ms, and no network interruption or robot malfunction occurred. Conclusion This animal experiment is the first attempt of 5G remote thoracic surgery, which preliminarily proves the feasibility of completing remote lobectomy through the Toumai® surgical robot 5G wireless network connection. The systematic surgical procedure is summarized, which lays a foundation for the subsequent experiments and clinical applications of 5G remote robot-assisted thoracic surgery.
Objective To develop a novel transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement device and test its performance. MethodsThe transcatheter tricuspid valve stent consisted of double-layer self-expanding nitinol stent, biotissue-derived bovine pericardial leaflets, and PTFE woven. The delivery system, mainly consisting of a handle control unit and a delivery sheath, was sent to the correct position via right atrium or jugular vein. The sheath had a visualization feature, and the handle control unit could realize the functions of stable release and partial recovery of the interventional valve. In addition, this study performed animal survival experiments on the basis of in vitro experiments. A large-white pig was used as the experimental animal. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established through median thoracotomy, then the right atrium was opened, and the interventional valve was released under direct vision without cardiac arrest. Approximately 1 month after interventional valve implantation, the maneuverability and stability of the interventional tricuspid device were evaluated by autopsy. ResultsThrough the animal experiment, the interventional valve was successfully released, and the anchoring was satisfactory. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed that the interventional valve opened and closed well, the flow rate of tricuspid valve was 0.6 m/s, and there was no obvious tricuspid regurgitation. One month after the operation, we dissected the large-white pig and found the interventional valve was not deformed or displaced, the leaflets were well aligned, and there was thrombus attachment in the groove between the inner and outer layers of the interventional valve. ConclusionAnimal experiment shows that the novel device can stably and firmly attach to the tricuspid annulus, with good anchoring effect, and effectively reduce paravalvular leakage.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a critical life support technique for patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. Establishing a stable ECMO animal model is essential to further investigate the effects of ECMO on the body and provide assistance for optimizing ECMO management strategies and preventing complications in clinical practice. In recent years, rats have been widely used to establish ECMO models due to their low cost and good reproducibility. Therefore, this article provided a comprehensive review of literature on the ECMO rat model, including equipment and experimental management strategies. It offers a theoretical foundation for the development of a stable and mature ECMO rat model in the future.