At present, breast cancer is most common malignant tumor among female population. The treatment of breast cancer comprises surgery, radiotherapy, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, with surgical as the main treatment approach. Common surgical methods for breast cancer include breast conservation surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. This article reviews the recent researches about the survival of breast cancer patients receiving BCS, the quality of life for patients receiving BCS, the survival of young and elderly patients receiving BCS, BCS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, BCS for patients with breast cancer susceptibility gene mutation, and BCS for patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, so as to provide reference for the follow-up work of medical staff.