ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of signaling pathway about the EGFR, MAPK, IKB/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, WNT/beta-catenin, and the Hedgehog in development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). MethodsThe related literatures about the molecular genetic mechanism of signaling pathways were reviewed. ResultsIn the occurrence and development of HCC, the EGFR, MAPK, IKB/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, WNT/β-catenin, and Hedgehog signaling pathways not only interweaver with each other complexly, but also interact with each other, and some tumor markers, anticancer genes, proto-oncogenes, and miRNA may have synergistic effects for the occurrence of HCC. ConclusionThe abnormal changes of molecular signaling pathways is a necessary condition for the occurrence and development of tumor, and there is considerable cross-talk and redundancy to many signaling pathways.
ObjectiveTo evaluate whether soluble carcinogenesis inhibitor 2 (ST-2) level can be used as indicators for predicting left ventricular dysfunction by detecting sST-2 and other cardiac function indexes in patients with breast cancer who receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy.MethodsA retrospective study of 90 breast cancer patients who received doxorubicin (pyrubicin) chemotherapy in the Department of Breast Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2016 to June 2018 was performed. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before chemotherapy and one year after receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy, to detect sST-2 level and cardiac function indexes, and echocardiography was performed at the same time.ResultsCompared with pre-chemotherapy, sST-2, left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular diastolic internal diameter (LVEDD), and E/e' value increased at one year after chemotherapy, while left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF) decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the level of sST-2 and LVEF (r=–0.618, P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the 11.9 ng/mL of sST-2 concentration was the best threshold to predict left ventricular dysfunction, and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 69.2%, respectively, the area under the ROC curve was 0.836 (P<0.05).ConclusionsST-2 has a certain diagnostic value for predicting left ventricular function and structural changes in breast cancer patients who receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the regulation of malignant biological behavior of gallbladder cancer so as to provide references for its related research.MethodThe relevant literatures about studies of lncRNA in gallbladder cancer in recent years were reviewed.ResultsThe recent studies had shown that 19 lncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer had played the important roles in regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, “sponge” miRNAs, chemoresistance, and tumor metastasis. Among them, most lncRNAs tended to have carcinogenic properties, only a few had anticarcinogenic effect. Although the research suggested the mechanism and role of lncRNA to promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of gallbladder cancer, the current research on its mechanism was still limited. In addition, some lncRNAs were found to be specifically expressed in the serum of patients with gallbladder cancer, so which were expected to become biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis.ConclusionslncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer have carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic effect, or chemoresistance. They play potential roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and (or) treatment of tumors, but molecular mechanisms of their effects are still limited.
Objective To summarize the research progress of alternative splicing in pancreatic cancer, and to provide reference for further research. MethodThe experimental and clinical studies of alternative splicing in pancreatic cancer were reviewed.Results Alternative splicing dysregulation resulted in changed gene expression or novel isoform formation, thereby influencing the carcinogenesis, progression or chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. The differentially expressed alternative splicing isoforms may serve as diagnostic markers, indicators of aggressiveness or prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of alternative splicing in carcinogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer is a new way to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.