【Abstract】Objective To investigate the influent factors on normal intraabdominal pressure （IAP） and establish the IAP regressive equation. Methods The IAPs of 106 hospitalized patients were determined through monitoring the bladder pressures. The relationship between IAP and 14 factors including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index （BMI）, previous and recent abdominal surgical history, reasons for admission，complications and their quantities were analyzed，respectively.Results The mean IAP of the hospitalized patients was 5.5 mm Hg with a range from 0.4 mm Hg to 12.8 mm Hg. The difference among IAPs of different grades of BMIs had statistical significance （F=5.550，P＜0.01）. The male IAPs were 2.0 mm Hg higher than the female IAPs，which had statistical significance （t=3.122，P＜0.01）. The other 12 factors had no significant effects on IAP （Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion Normal IAP is possibly influenced by gender and BMI，and it is individually different.
ObjectiveTo study the concepts and pathophysiology of intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). MethodsRelevant information was gathered from previous original articals,and by checking the latest issues of appropriate journals. Meantime computerised MEDLINE search from 1998 to August 2001 was conducted using the Medical Subject Heading and textwords “abdominal”, “compartment syndromes”, “intraabdominal” and “hypertention” and “pressure”.Then the literature in the recent two years about the advances of IAH and ACS were reviewed. Especially the concepts, pathophysiology and clinical application of IAH and ACS were mainly summarized.ResultsAkin to compartment syndrome, the pathophysiological effects of increased intraabdominal pressure developed well before any clinical evidence of compartment syndrome. These changes included ①reduction of gastrointestinal blood flow，②increase of respiratory airway pressure whereas decrease of pulmonary compliance，③decline in cardiac output but rise in peripheral vascular pressure，④oliguria even anuria，⑤increase of intracranial pressure，⑥decrease of hepatic blood flow，⑦decrease of abdominal wall compliance.ACS can be defined as dysfunction of various organs caused by a progressive unphysiologic increase of the intraabdominal pressure. Clinically the syndrome is characterised by inadequate ventilation, tensely distended abdomen and oliguria or anuria.Early decompression by simple laparotomy and delayed closure is the treatment of choice. ConclusionThe concepts of IAH and ACS have been increasingly accepted. They mainly affects the respiratory,cardiovascular and renal systems; secondarily affect gastrointestinal, central nervous systems,liver and abdominal wall. The reduction of cardiac output and pulmonary compliance are probably promoting factors inducing organ dysfunction.
ObjectiveTo investigate pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of crush syndrome of chest and arm.MethodsBetween January 2010 and January 2015, 5 cases of crush syndrome of chest and arm caused by pressing oneself in a coma after CO poisoning or alcoholic intoxication were treated. There were 4 males and 1 female with an average age of 36.7 years (range, 28-46 years). Two patients involved left upper limb and chest, while the other three patients involved right upper limb and chest. The crushed time ranged from 4 to 12 hours (mean, 7 hours). All 5 cases received emergency decompression and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD). After surgery, the patients were transferred to Intensive Care Unit to receive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The wounds were repaired with skin grafts after the patients’ condition were stable.ResultsThe hospitalization time was 26-48 days (mean, 33 days). Necrosis of the skin graft occurred in 1 case, which cured after debridement and skin graft again. The skin graft survived in the other cases and the wounds healed by first intension. Five patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 15 months). At last follow-up, the results were excellent in all 5 cases according to the assessment criteria proposed by GU Yudong. The patients got full recovery of their upper limb activities and sensation. All the patients returned to the normal life and work.ConclusionCO poisoning, drunkenness, and pressing oneself together will lead the crush syndrome to severe and rapid progress. The key of the treatment is a comprehensive therapy including a thorough and rapid tension reduction to save the limb function, CRRT, and correction of anemia and electrolyte imbalance.
ObjectiveTo explore the application value of damage control in intra-abdominal sepsis. MethodsThe related literatures were searched by searching literatures with " damage control” " damage control resuscitation” damage control surgery”, and " intra-abdominal sepsis”, to made an review. Results Despite significant advances in management and treatment, mortality from intra-abdominal sepsis remained still high. Due to its unique anatomic and microbial environment, initial operation could not completely remove the source of infection and avoid complications. Therefore, it was becoming increasingly popular to utilize a damage control strategy with abbreviated laparotomy and planned reoperations. ConclusionsDamage control is characterized by staged treatment, and is widely accepted used to manage intra-abdominal sepsis.
ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of simple Ilizarov ring external fixation technique in treatment of tibial plateau fractures complicated with osteofascial compartment syndrome.MethodsBetween September 2013 and March 2017, 30 patients with tibial plateau fractures complicated with osteofascial compartment syndrome were treated with simple Ilizarov ring external fixation technique. There were 23 males and 7 females, with an average age of 34.4 years (range, 23-43 years). The injuries were caused by traffic accident in 12 cases, by falling from height in 4 cases, by falling in 8 cases, and by a crashing object in 6 cases. The time from injury to admission was 1-12 hours (mean, 4.8 hours). According to the Schatzker classification, there was 1 case of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲ, 10 cases of type Ⅳ, 7 cases of type Ⅴ, and 9 cases of type Ⅵ. All patients underwent fasciotomy due to osteofascial compartment syndrome; the interval between fasciotomy and operation was 10-15 days (mean, 12.5 days). Knee Society Score (KSS) and Ilizarov Method Research and Application Association (ASAMI) protocol were used to evaluate knee function.ResultsThe operation time was 110-155 minutes (mean, 123.1 minutes); the intraoperative blood loss was 100-500 mL (mean, 245 mL); the postoperative hospital stay was 3-5 days (mean, 3.8 days). All patients were followed up 20-24 weeks (mean, 22.7 weeks). Except for 2 patients with signs of needle tract infection, no other complication occurred. X-ray films showed that the fractures healed, and the healing time was 10-20 weeks (mean, 14.6 weeks). At last follow-up, the KSS clinical score was 70- 95 with an average of 87.5; the functional score was 70-90 with an average of 79.0. According to ASAMI protocol evaluation, the effectiveness was rated as excellent in 24 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 2 cases, and poor in 1 case.ConclusionFor tibial plateau fractures complicated with osteofascial compartment syndrome, simple Ilizarov ring external fixation technique can basically restore joint function and has fewer complications. It is a relatively safe and effective treatment method.
Objective To investigate the efficacy on clinical condition assessment and the safety of ultrasound-guided osteofascial chamber puncture manometry in evaluating the pressure of the osteofascial chamber in patients with venomous snake bites. Methods Patients with venomous snake bites admitted to the Department of Emergency Medicine of West China Hospital of Sichuan University between April 2021 and January 2023 were prospectively included, and their basic information, physiological indicators (heart rate, blood pressure), laboratory examination indicators, physical signs, treatment methods and prognosis were collected. The patients whose extremal pressure was measured by osteofascial chamber puncture under ultrasound guidance were selected as the manometry group. Patients who were bitten by venomous snakes at the same time without puncture pressure measurement were randomly selected as the control group at a ratio of 1∶1. The bleeding, infection, nerve injury, length of hospital stay and long-term prognosis of the two groups were compared to explore the safety of ultrasound-guided osteofascial chamber puncture manometry. The correlation between the pressure measured in the manometry group and creatine kinase (a representative index of acute poisoning severity score) was analyzed to explore the efficacy of ultrasound-guided osteofascial chamber puncture manometry in evaluating the disease. Results There was no significant difference between the manometry group and the control group in new or aggravated infection, bleeding, nerve injury (such as numbness and anesthesia), hospital treatment time, final detumescence time of the affected limb, or final adverse prognosis (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the measured pressure and creatine kinase (rs=0.286, P=0.002). Conclusions The higher pressure measured by ultrasound-guided osteofascial chamber puncture manometry is, the more serious the poisoning condition may be. In addition, ultrasound-guided osteofascial chamber puncture manometry does not prolong the hospital time of patients or the final swelling reduction time of the affected limb, and does not increase the incidence of bleeding, infection, nerve damage or eventual adverse prognosis events. It has clinical practicability and feasibility.
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is one of the serious complications of snake bites, which can lead to amputation or even death in severe cases. Early diagnosis and treatment of ACS remain a major challenge. This paper focuses on the latest research trends in early diagnosis of ACS, with an emphasis on the application of emerging monitoring technologies in critical areas such as intercompartmental pressure measurement, oxygenation monitoring, and perfusion monitoring. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of diverse treatment strategies including surgical and conservative interventions, aiming to offer more precise diagnostic and treatment guidelines for clinical practitioners.