ObjectiveTo investigate association between BRAFV600E gene mutation and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) among patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to collect all PTC surgical patients in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2017 to 2019. The patients tested for BRAFV600E gene mutation were selected, and the association between BRAFV600E gene mutation and ETE were analyzed.ResultsThe BRAFV600E gene mutation test was performed only in 273 cases, 223 and 50 of whom were BRAFV600E gene with and without mutation, respectively; 194 and 79 of whom had ETE and no ETE, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the incidence rate with BRAFV600E gene mutation was higher in the patients with ETE as compared with the patients without ETE (86.1% vs 70.9%, P=0.003) and the incidence rate of ETE was higher in the patients with BRAFV600E gene mutaton than in the patients without BRAFV600E gene mutaton (74.9% vs 54.0%, P=0.003). In addition, the incidence rates of ETE in the patients with tumor diameter >1 cm, bilaterality, and multifocality were higher than those in the patients with tumor diameter ≤1 cm (86.7% vs 61.3%, P<0.001), unilaterality (89.6% vs 63.8%, P<0.001), and single lesion (85.7% vs 60.9%, P<0.001), respectively. The incidence rate of ETE was increased with the increase of lymph node stage (P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed tumor size >1 cm [OR=3.606, 95%CI (1.758, 7.396), P<0.001], multifocality [OR=2.524, 95%CI (1.154, 5.519), P=0.020], with BRAFV600E gene mutaton [OR=3.022, 95%CI (1.443, 6.326), P=0.003] were the risk factors for ETE.ConclusionThe preliminary results of this study suggest that PTC patients with BRAFV600E gene mutaton are more likely to gross ETE.