Objective To assess the effectiveness of dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for treating allergic rhinitis. Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about SLIT treating allergic rhinitis were collected in MEDLINE, EMbase, The Cochrane library (Issue 10, 2012), CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data and CBM from inception to October, 2012. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality, and then the meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.1 software. Results A total of 8 RCTs involving 788 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, SLIT showed no obvious difference in the total effective rate (RR=1.15, 95%CI 0.88 to 1.50, P=0.29), but it was superior in decreasing the scores of both nasal symptom (SMD= −1.13, 95%CI −2.07 to −0.20, P=0.02) and drug intake (SMD= −0.60, 95%CI −1.06 to −0.15, P=0.009). Conclusion SLIT can improve the symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis, and it can also decrease the using frequency of antihistamine, beta-blocker and nasal spray steroids.
Objective To explore the effect of CD3AK cells on T lymphocyte subsets and its functions of patients with primary liver carcinoma (PLC). MethodsFiftyeight patients with PLC were divided into two groups, CD3AK group (n=37), control group (n=21). Eleven blood donors were taken as normal control. All patients from the treatment group were given 2×109 CD3AK cells once a day for 5 days on the 1st day after operation, having received IL2 at a dose of 100 units per 24 hour by intravenous injection starting 30 minutes before administration of CD3AK cells. T lymphocyte subsets, IL2R, NK activity, LAK activity and proliferative activity were determined. ResultsThe CD4/CD8 ratio, expression of IL2R, proliferative activity, NK activity and LAK activity of T lymphocytes from the treatment group were significantly higher than those of control respectively.Conclusion The adoptive transfer of CD3AK cells could improve the disorder of T lymphocyte subsets and its functions and provide the patients with PLC with fresh abundant effectors against tumor.
31 case of advanced primary liver cancer were treated by using IL-2 and LAK cells in which 15 cases were combined with surgery (group A) and 16 cases were combined with chemotherpy (Group B). 7～14 months follow-up showed: In group A there was no recurence and metastasis, and the cell-mediated immunity was obviously improved. In group B, the average life time was more than 5.84 months, the tumor average diameter dicreased in 10 cases ,and the cee-mediated immunity was also improved. The role of immunotherapy combined with surgery or chemotherapy was discussed.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of specific immunotherapy in combination with budesonide formoterol dry powder inhaler ( BUD/FM) in the treatment of moderate to severe bronchial asthma. Methods The data of 93 patients with moderate to severe asthma from September 2006 to September 2008 were analyzed. 46 cases who received BUD/FM therapy were recorded as a BUD/FM treatment group, and 47 cases who received BUD/FMand dustmite specific immunotherapy were recorded asa combination treatment group. After 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, asthma symptom scores, pulmonary function,effective rate, and scores of Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ) were compared in the two treatment groups. Results Compared with the BUD/FMtreatment group, the effective rate was significantlyhigher ( 83. 0% vs. 65. 2% , P lt;0. 05) , the lung function improvements in FEV1% pred and expiratory peak flow were more significant in the latter period of treatment, and AQLQ scores improved more significantly after 24 months’treatment in the combination treatment group. Conclusion For patients with moderate tosevere asthma, specific immunotherapy in combination with BUD/FMcan improve asthma symptoms and lung function with good compliance and long lasting efficacy.
Fungal infection is an important clinical problem for patients with immune deficiency or immunosuppression. With deadly fungus infection case increasing, the development of antifungal vaccine attracts the attention of researchers. Dendritic cell (DC) is the unique antigen presenting cell (APC) to trigger the antifungal immune reaction, and recent studies indicate that the targeted vaccination strategy based on DC have prospective antifungal potentials. In this paper, we review the antifungal immunity mechanism and recent development of the targeted DC antifungal strategy.
Objective To investigate immunological therapeutic effect and safety of dendritic cells (DCs) combined with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-peptide complex (PC) derived from autogeneic hepatoma tissue. Methods Thirty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from February 2010 to February 2015 in the Gaochun People’s Hospital of Nanjing and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University were studied, and subsequently were divided into an immunotherapy group (treated with HSP70-PC/DCs vaccine,n=15) and a chemotherapy group (n=15) according to the prescribed postoperative treatment methods. The levels of T lymphocyte subtypes were assayed by FACS. The toxicity adverse reactions, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CA19-9, hepatic tumor recurrence rate, survival rate, and KPS of two groups patients were evaluated and compared between these two groups. Results ① The values of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and CD3CD56 had no significant differences between the immunotherapy group and the chemotherapy group before treatment (P>0.05), which in the immunotherapy group were significantly higher than those in the chemotherapy group after treatment (P<0.05), and which were significantly higher in the immunotherapy group after treatment as compared with the levels before treatment (P<0.05), and which had no significant differences in the chemotherapy group between after treatment and before treatment (P>0.05). ② Before treatment, the levels of AFP and CA19-9 had no significant differences between the immunotherapy group and the chemotherapy group (P>0.05), which in the immunotherapy group were significantly lower than those in the chemotherapy group after treatment (P<0.05). In the immunotherapy group, the levels of AFP and CA19-9 after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (t=2.564，P=0.021；t=2.011，P=0.041), which in the chemotherapy group before treatment were decreased as compared with the levels before treatment (t=2.221,P=0.036;t=2.487,P=0.066). ③ The patients treated with the HSP-PC/DCs vaccines was well tolerated and no obvious toxicity was appeared. ④ All the patients were followed up 5–19 months with median follow-up time of 9 months. The median survival time was 560 d and 436 d in the immunotherapy group and the chemotherapy group, respectively. After treatment, KPS score was significantly higher and recurrence rate was significantly lower in the immunotherapy group as compared with the chemotherapy group (P<0.05). The total survival had no significant difference between the immunotherapy group and the chemotherapy group (P>0.05). Conclusions The preliminary results of limited cases in this study show that HSP70-PC/DC vaccination is safe and effective in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, the pulsed DCs are effective in activating specific T-cell responses against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. HSP70-PC/DC vaccine might improve immunity and prevent postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective To summarize current research status of sperm protein 17 (SP17) in breast cancer. Method Bysearching PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, the studies about expression and function of SP17 in the breast cancer were summarized. Results SP17 only expressed in the breast cancer tissue but not in the normal breast tissue. The result of the study showed that SP17 was only detected in the metastatic stage of tumor cells. The preclinical trails found that the breast cancer cells with SP17 positive expression could be killed by the specific T lymphocyte. Conclusions SP17 might be a potential target of immunotherapy of breast cancer, it might promote metastasis of cancer. More studies are needed to further explore its function in tumor development, thus accelerate its application in clinical practice.
Objective To analyze and summarize advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of present imaging techniques in assessing efficacy of immunotherapy for patient with hepatocellular carcinoma in order to provide strong evidence for drug therapy evaluation and clinical decision-making for it. Method The relevant literatures about imaging evaluation of immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma were collected to make a review, then analyze and summarize the value of different imaging techniques. Results The immunotherapy, characterized by the noninvasive, high specificity and good curative effect, had been playing an important role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years. The imaging techniques currently used to assess the immunotherapy results of hepatocellular carinoma mainly included the CT, MRI, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine, which could be used to better evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy. It was very important for screening of the patients’ treatment options and judging of the survival and prognosis. The most of the evaluation indicators were based on the anatomic evaluation criteria and it had some certain limitations in evaluating the immunotherapy efficacy of patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions As an emerging biological therapy, immunotherapy has gradually become a hotspot in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in future. Present imaging techniques and evaluation criteria have certain limitations. More multifunctional imaging indicators need to be improved and developed so as to provide strong evidence for drug therapy evaluation and clinical decision of patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo summarize research progress on programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and their combination therapies in colorectal cancer and to provide a new treatment direction for colorectal cancer.MethodThe relevant literatures on the application of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the colorectal cancer in recent years were collected and reviewed.ResultsThe clinical trials of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway antibodies had made some achievements in the colorectal cancer, especially in the patients with high frequency microsatellite instability. And the combination therapy of multiple antibodies and the combination with chemotherapy and targeted therapies were more effective.ConclusionPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have some certain curative effects on survival of colorectal cancer with high frequency microsatellite instability, especially combination shows a better effect.
ObjectiveTo summarize advances in immunotherapy for gastric cancer.MethodThe relevant literatures about immunotherapy for gastric cancer in recent years were reviewed.ResultsRecently, the immunotherapy for the tumors mainly included the immune checkpoint blocking, tumor vaccine, and adoptive immunotherapy. There were many studies on the immune checkpoint blocking, mainly targeting the antibodies of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). A series of studies had shown that the pembrolizumab was effective in the patients with advanced gastric cancer who expressed PD-1 ligand positive. The nivolumab had become the first immune checkpoint inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer in Asia, and the patients with mismatch repair defects could benefit more from the PD-1 treatment. Although the CTLA-4 targeted immune checkpoint blocking therapy had been reported, some studies had found that the patients with advanced gastric cancer didn’t benefit from the treatment of CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab. The tumor vaccine therapy in the gastric cancer had been reported. Due to the high heterogeneity of tumor cells in the gastric cancer, the tumor vaccine efficacy of autoantibody was not stable, based on the high- throughput sequencing of neoantigens identification and screening process was complex, the vaccine preparation needed the longer period, how to individualized screening the neoantigen, and the selection of antigens that could effectively activate the T cells to recognize and kill the tumor cells still needed to be overcame.ConclusionsTumor immunotherapy has received worldwide attention. Anti-PD-1 and its ligand as representative immune checkpoint statin therapy in treatment of advanced gastric cancer has showed great potential, but at present there are still many problems need to be solved, such as number of applicable patients of immunotherapy is small, curative effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor screening index also is not clear, tumor vaccine and adoptive cell therapy are promising but there is lack of evidence from clinical research data, combined use of existing treatments and immunotherapy on curative effect still needs more clinical trials to explore.