Objective To investigate the safety and effect of same-day discharge in injection sclerotherapy for children with hemangioma (IJCH) and tension-free hernioplasty for adults with inguinal herinia (TFHA). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing IJCH or TFHA in the Day Surgery Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University between November 2020 and October 2021. According to the patient’s condition and willingness, they were divided into same-day discharge group (162 children and 180 adults) and overnight hospitalization group (68 children and 271 adults). The amount of intraoperative bleeding, length of hospital stay, hospitalization expenses, pain before discharge, and short-term postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale was used for pain assessment in adults and children over 6 years old, and smiley face score was used in children below 6 years old. Results Compared with those in the overnight discharge group, the amount of intraoperative bleeding in the same-day discharge group was less [IJCH: (0.45±0.05) vs. (2.76±1.21) mL, P<0.05; TFHA: (1.20±0.05) vs. (6.76±2.30) mL, P<0.05], length of hospital stay was shorter [IJCH: (7.99±1.22) vs. (23.10±1.42) h, P<0.05; TFHA: (6.13±1.79) vs. (22.75±1.80) h, P<0.05], hospitalization cost was lower [IJCH: (5094.00±1320.14) vs. (6263.52±1220.20) yuan, P<0.05; TFHA: (7199.21±1535.84) vs. (7976.82±1967.82) yuan, P<0.05], pain before discharge was milder (IJCH: 0.05±0.02 vs. 0.50±0.01, P<0.05; TFHA: 1.20±0.01 vs. 2.01±0.20, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications or unplanned revisit within 30 days between the two modes (P>0.05). Conclusions The same-day surgery mode is safe and feasible in IJCH and TFHA, and can shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce the cost of hospitalization. It is suggested to popularize this mode in clinical practice.