ObjectiveTo discuss the feasibility and security of breast conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with multifocal/multicentric breast cancer (MMBC).MethodThe clinical trials about BCS in patients with MMBC at home and abroad in recent years were searched and reviewed.ResultsThe results of most retrospective clinical trials showed that BCS in patients with MMBC could achieve similar or at least as good results as mastectomy. However, for there were some inevitable bias in retrospective studies, the conclusion should be analyzed modestly. Two prospective multicenter randomized controlled trials, the MIAMI UK trial and the ACOSOG Z11102 trial, were still ongoing, of which results were expected to confirm these conclusions further. ConclusionsUnder the premise of mastering the indications, BCS would be a reasonable option for MMBC when incisal margin is negative and cosmetic result is satisfactory. In addition, the lack of standard classification and definition for multifocality and multicentricity increases the difficulty of the research, and the distance of the cancer foci and the ratio of tumor to breast volume in patients with MMBC might be the key factors affecting the efficacy of BCS. Therefore, more rational-designed prospective studies and accurate subgroup analysis are expected to provide impelling evidence for application of BCS in patients with MMBC.
Objective To investigate the demographic characteristics, treatment approaches, and prognostic factors of patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 MPNST patients treated between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021. There were 46 males and 50 females, aged between 15 and 87 years (mean, 48.2 years). The tumors were located in the trunk in 50 cases, extremities in 39 cases, and head and neck in 7 cases. The maximum tumor diameter was <5 cm in 49 cases, ≥5 cm in 32 cases, with 15 cases missing data. Tumor depth was deep in 77 cases and superficial in 19 cases. The Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) histological grading was G1 in 9 cases, G2 in 12 cases, and G3 in 34 cases, with 41 cases missing data. There were 37 recurrent MPNST cases, 32 cases with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and 26 cases in stage Ⅳ. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was administered to 25 patients, perioperative chemotherapy to 45 patients, and anlotinib-targeted therapy to 30 patients. R0 resection was achieved in 73 cases. Patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of NF1, and baseline characteristics between the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) based on various factors (age, gender, presence of NF1, recurrent MPNST, stage Ⅳ MPNST, FNCLCC grade, R0 resection, tumor location, tumor size, tumor depth, perioperative chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, and anlotinib-targeted therapy), and differences between survival curves were analyzed using the Log-rank test. Multivariate COX proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors for MPNST. Results Patients with NF1 had a significantly higher proportion of superficial tumors and lower FNCLCC grade compared to those without NF1 (P<0.05); no significant differences were found for other variables (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that recurrent MPNST, stage Ⅳ MPNST, FNCLCC grade, R0 resection, perioperative chemotherapy, and anlotinib-targeted therapy were factors influencing 1-year DFS (P<0.05), while stage Ⅳ MPNST, FNCLCC grade, and perioperative chemotherapy were factors affecting 3-year OS (P<0.05). Multivariate COX analysis revealed that recurrent MPNST and high-grade FNCLCC (G3) were independent prognostic factors for 1-year DFS (P<0.05), while stage Ⅳ MPNST, superficial tumor depth, age over 60 years, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, and anlotinib-targeted therapy were independent prognostic factors for 3-year OS (P<0.05). Conclusion MPNST patients with NF1 tend to have more superficial tumors and lower FNCLCC grades. FNCLCC grade, R0 resection, and adjuvant therapies, including radiotherapy and anlotinib-targeted therapy, are closely associated with MPNST prognosis. Complete surgical resection should be prioritized in clinical management, along with adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy and targeted therapy of anlotinib to improve patient outcomes.