Objective To detect the serum protein fingerprint in gastric cancer patients by using the surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and protein chip array technology, screen biomarker candites, build diagnostic models and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods The serum proteomic patterns were detected in 40 patients with gastric cancer, 20 patients with gastric ulcer and 20 healthy blood donors. The diagnostic models were developed and valited by discriminant analysis. Results The peak intensity of differential expression proteins was not found in healthy blood donors, and 1 case was found in patient with gastric ulcer (m/z: 5 910,4 095). The peak intensity of 5 329, 4 095, 5 910, 8 691 and 3 300 (m/z) proteins were significantly higher in 40 gastric cancer patients than those in 20 gastric ulcer patients and 20 healthy blood donors ( P ＜0.05）. Three differential expression proteins were set up a diagnostic model together to diagnose gastric cancer. The diagnostic model made up of the differential expression proteins of 4 095, 5 910 and 8 691 had a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 97.5% . Conclusion Using SELDI-TOF-MS shows great potential to detect, and screen novel and better biomarkers for gastric cancer.
Objective To identify genes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as candidate diagnostic markers in a genome-wide scale. Methods The gene expression profiles of 40 pairs of HCC tumor tissue and peripheral non-tumorous liver tissue were analyzed by using gene chip technology.The gene chips were fabricated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Each gene chip contained 9 180 genes. The fluorescent targets were prepared by a direct labeling approach using two kinds of fluorescences as following: 100 μg of total RNA from non-cancerous liver tissue was labeled with Cy3-dUTP and 200 μg of total RNA from HCC was labeled with Cy5-dUTP. The targets were mixed together and hybridized with genes on the gene chips. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was done by CLUSTER and TREEVIEW software using median centered correlation and complete linkage. Results A total of 10 genes were found up-regulated in over 80% of primary tumors comparing with that of their corresponding non-tumorous liver tissues at a two-fold filter with an unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm, including protocadherin-alpha 9, ESTs, Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ, KPNA2, RPS20, SNRPE, CDKN2A, UBD, MDK and ANXA2.Conclusion These genes are supposed to be candidates for the diagnosis of HCC. Further investigation of these genes in a large scale of patients with HCC and patients with non-malignant hepatic diseases will be needed to disclose whether they could be used clinically as novel diagnostic tumor markers for HCC.
Objective To introduce the current studies on bone biochemical markers in breast cancer with bone metastasis. Methods The papers in recent 8 years about the application of bone biochemical markers in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer with bone metastasis were reviewed. Results NTX had the best relation with bone metastasis. ICTP was much more worthy than NTX in diagnosis of breast cancer with bone metastasis. Osteogenesis markers were little worthy in diagnosis of breast cancer with bone metastasis. Conclusion Bone biochemical markers can not replace the image exams and biopsy in diagnosing the bone metastasis of breast cancer,but may be one of the factors to get the early diagnosis.
【Abstract】Objective To search for valuable serum tumor markers in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Seven kinds of serum tumor markers including AFP,CEA,CA50, CA15-3,CA19-9,CA72-4 and CA125 were detected in 62 patients with pancreatic carcinoma by Auto DELFIA and IRMA, 16 patients with other gastrointestinal tumors and 16 patients with benign diseases served as control. And 19 patients after pancreatectomy were followed up. Results Among these 7 kinds of tumor markers, CA19-9,CA50 and CA125 were valuable in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. CA19-9 was the most valuable one, whose sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 86.7% respectively. After resection of the tumor, the 3 markers tended to decrease significantly. Conclusion Serum CA19-9,CA50 and CA125 were valuable in diagnosis and following up of pancreatic carcinoma.
Objective To investigate the value of tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase ( M2-PK) in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. Methods A total of 146 patients with pleural effusion during January 2006 to December 2008 were recruited at the department of respiratory medicine of the Shantou Affiliated Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Medical College. Pleural effusion was malignant in 72 cases ( 52 cases with lung cancer and 20 cases with metastatic lung cancer) and benign in 74 cases ( 54 cases with infective pleural effusion and 20 with transudation effusion) . The patients were divided into a malignant pleural effusion group, an infective pleural effusion group, and a transudation group.Then the infective group was further divided into subgroups of tuberculosis pleural effusion group andparapneumonic effusion group. The concentration of tumor M2-PK in pleural fluid obtained during the first thoracocentesis was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) . Results The concentration of tumor M2-PK was significantly higher in the malignant pleural effusion group compared with the benignpleural effusion groups ( P lt; 0. 01) . Significant differences were also found in the concentration of tumor M2-PK between malignant pleural effusion caused by lung cancer and metastatic lung cancer( P lt; 0. 05) .When the cutoff value of tumor M2-PK was set at 18. 68 U/mL, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion was 87. 6% , 86. 0% , and 87. 4%, respectively. Furthermore,the detection of tumor M2-PK in combination with CEA showed better diagnostic sensitivity( 96. 0% ) ,specificity ( 85. 0% ) , and accuracy ( 91. 1% ) . Conclusions The detection of tumor M2-PK in pleural effusion is of some clinical significance in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusion.The detection of tumor M2-PK in combination with CEA is a good diagnostic tool with high sensitivity andspecificity.
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the relationship between multiple tumor biomarkers and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF) , and analyze the prognostic value of these biomarkers in IPF. Methods Clinical data of 43 confirmed IPF patients with no evidence of malignant disaeses, admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2000 and June 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. All IPF patients had detected serum alpha fetoprotein ( AFP) , cancer antigen 50 ( CA50) , cancer antigen 24-2( CA24-2) , carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) , carbohydrate antigen 19-9 ( CA19-9) , cancer antigen 125( CA125) , cancer antigen 15-3 ( CA15-3) , tissue polypeptide antigen ( TPA) , neuron specific enolase( NSE) , and cytokeratin-19-fragment ( Cyfra211) . Results The serum levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA125,CA15-3, and TPA were obviously higher than normal range, while the serum levels of AFP, CA50, CA24-2,NSE, and Cyfra211 were within normal range. Neither tumor biomarkers had correlation with 6-minute walk distance, FVC% pred, TLC% pred, DLCO/VA, PaO2 , PaO2 /FiO2 , P( A-a) O2 , BALF cell differentiation counting,or CD4 /CD8. The patients with increased CA19-9 level had shorter survival time than those with normal CA19-9 level ( P lt; 0. 05) . There was no significant difference in survival time between the patients with increased CEA/TPA levels and those with normal CEA/TPA levels( P gt;0. 05) , neither between the patients with glucocorticoid treatment and those with non-glucocorticoid treatment ( P gt; 0. 05) . Conclusions Multiple tumor biomarkers, especially CA19-9, increase in IPF patients. The degrees of those increases arenot associated with the severity of disease, but closely relate to prognosis, and may also indicate the progression. The increases of multiple tumor biomarkers may be a sign of poor prognosis of IPF with no evidence of malignant disaeses.
Objective To investigate the serum level of surfactant protein D ( SP-D) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) and its clinical significance. Methods Serumlevels of SP-D in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD ( n = 29) , stable COPD ( n = 26) , and control subjects ( n = 19 ) were measured by ELISA. Multiple regression modeling was performed to determine the independent relationship between SP-D and lung function variables. Results The serum SP-D levels were significantly increased in the patients who experienced an acute exacerbation [ ( 70. 6 ±20. 7) ng/mL] compared with the patients with stable COPD and the control subjects [ ( 47. 9 ±13. 3) ng/mL and ( 31. 2 ±11. 4) ng/mL] ( both P lt; 0. 01) . The serum SP-D levels in the patients with stable COPD increased significantly than the control subjects ( P lt; 0. 01) . Smoking index and staging of COPD were positively related to SP-D level. Serum SP-D levels were also found to be inversely related to FEV1% pred in stable COPD. Conclusion Serum SP-D may be a potential diagnostic and staging biomarker for COPD.
Increasing evidence suggests that many types of cancers contain a population of cells that display stem cell properties. These cells are called cancer stem cells （CSCs），which are closely related to tumor initiation，growth，metastasis and chemoresistance. CSCs are also found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）. These cells are characterized by potential of self-renewal and differentiation，tumor formation in nude mice and chemotherapy resistance，and thus may play an important role in targeted cancer therapies. Current methods for culturing and sorting CSCs in ESCC mainly include fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS），magnetic activated cell sorting （MACS），suspension culture，and side population （SP） cell sorting. In this review，we focus on current research methods for CSCs in ESCC，their biological characteristics and areas for improvement. We believe that a combination of multiple cell-surface makers is needed for research of CSCs in ESCC.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the phonetype and tolerogenic function of semimature dendritic cells (DC) transfected by myeloid differentiation marker 88（MyD88） small interfering ribonucleic acid（siRNA）. Methods Bone marrow of BALB/c mice was inoculated and cultured in vitro，and induced into DC by 10ng/ml recombinated granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) ，then DC was divided into three groups at the 8th day: blank control group: added nothing; lipopolysaccharide （LPS）group: added with 1μg/ml LPS; and experimental group: added with 1μg/ml LPS after transfected by MyD88 siRNA for 4 hours. The phonetype of three groups was analysed by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting (FACS). The concentration of interleukin 10（IL-10）and interleukin 12（IL-12） in culture supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.The function of stimulating alloreactive T cell roliferation were evaluated by primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction （MLR）. The cardiac allograft survival time was compared after DC of three groups injected into recipient mice. Results The phonetype of blank control group DC was CD11c＋，CD25-，CD40low，CD80low，CD86low，MHC-Ⅱlow， which could be induced to mature DC by LPS. Experimental group DC was phonetypically semimature DC (CD11c＋，CD25－，CD40mid，CD80low，CD86low，MHC-IIid) and the IL-10/IL-12 ratio of semimature DC increases significantly. yporesponsiveness of alloactive T cells can be induced by experimental group DC and the survive time of heart allograft was prolonged. Conclusion Immature DC could become semimature DC after transfected by MyD88 siRNA and stimulation by LPS. These semimature DC are more tolerogenic than immature DC.
Objective To select relatively specific biomarkers in serum from lung adenocarcinoma patients using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （SELDI-TOF-MS） Protein Chip technology, and study the follow-up results of postoperative serum proteomic patterns. Methods Serum samples from 71 lung adenocarcinoma patients. 71 healthy volunteers with matched gender, age and history of smoking were analyzed by using weak cation exchange 2（WCX2） Protein Chip to select potentially biomarkers. Seventy-one patients were followed-up till 9 months after surgery. Compare the serum proteomic patterns 3,6 and 9 months after surgery. Results Five highly expressed potential biomarkers were identified with the relative molecular weights of 4 047.79, 4 203. 99, 4 959. 81, 5 329. 30 and 7 760. 12 Da. The postoperative serum proteomic patterns changed among individuals, and correlated with patients＇ clinical stage. Conclusions SELDI-TOF-MS Protein Chip technology is a quick, easy, convenient, and high-throughout analyzing method capable of selecting relatively specific, potential biomarkers from the serum of lung adenocarcinoma patients and may have attractive clinical value.