【Abstract】Objective To investigate the relationship between the development of pancreatic cancer and inflammation, and the therapy strategy.Methods Related articles were reviewed.Results The pathogenesis of inflammation in pancreatic cancer development involves cytokines, NF-κB, COX-2, PPAR-γ, DNA damage, gene changes，etc. Based on these mechanisms some medications are under developing. Conclusion Accumulative effects of pancreatic inflammation may lead to DNA changes, and even pancreatic cancer development. Medications aimed at suppressing pancreatic inflammation may help with prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Objective To verify the technics of inactivating/removing pathogens in medical chitosan derived from shrimp shell. Methods Possible pathogen species were included according to the raw material of shrimp shell used in production, then bacillus cereus, porcine parvovirus (PPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) were selected as indicator pathogens.Pathogen solution was prepared in accordance with Technical Standard for Disinfection. The processing procedure of medical chitosan was analyzed to determine whether the alkal ization of chitin and the filter steril ization of chitosan were capable of inactivating/removing pathogens and their efficiencies were tested. Results Bacillus cereus was removed by 8 184 cfu/ mL after alkal ization and 30 818 cfu/mL after filter steril ization. The average logarithm inactivation value (LIV) of PPV and PRV after alkal ization were equal to or above 4.76 logTCID50/0.1 mL and 6.67 logTCID50/0.1 mL, respectively, and their average LIV after filter steril ization were 2.25 logTCID50/0.1 mL and 3.04 logTCID50/0.1 mL. The alkal ization of chitin inactivated/removed indicator pathogens effectively, while the filter steril ization of chitosan removed bacterial effectually but could not inactivate viruses completely. Conclusion The alkal ization of chitin can be used as the technics of inactivating/removing pathogens during the preparation process of medical chitosan to guarantee the safety of the product.
Objective To establish rabbit models of mixture-infectious endophthalmitis induced by exogenous Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methods A total of 84 eyes of 42 New Zealand white albino rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. There were 21 eyes in each group. Rabbit eyes in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml of mix bacterium (2times;104 CFU/ ml, including 103 S. aureus and 103 E. coli), S. aureus (104 CFU/ ml), E. coli (104 CFU/ml), and sterilized saline respectively. The eyes were examined by slit-lamp microscopy, ophthalmoscopy, A/B scan, electroretinography (ERG) and bacterial culture of vitreous humors at the timepoints of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, and 4, 7, 10, 14 days after intravitreal injection. All eyeballs were then enucleated for histopathological examination. Results Various degrees of inflammatory reactions were presented in the 3 experimental groups after the injection, and the development trend of the disease was nearly the same. In group 1 active intraocular inflammation like anterior chamber exudates, started at 12 hours after injection (which was early than that in group 2 and 3), aggravated between 48 and 72 hours, alleviated slowly from 4 to 7 days, and was obviously better after 10 to 14 days while the corneal neovascularization and vitreous gray opacity begun to form. The bacterial culture was positive in group 1 (100％, 6 hours to 14 days after injection), group 2 (100%, 6 hours to 3 days after injection) and group 3 (100% from 6 hours to 7 days, and 67.67% at 14 days after injection). It was negative for group 2 (7 to 14 days after injection) and group 4 (6 hours to 14 days after injection). The amplitude of ERG b wave dissapeard in group 1 to 3, and decreased less than 30% in group 4 from the 48th hour after injection. Histopathological examination revealed that all intraocular structures infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Conclusion Complicated endophthalmitis rabbit models can be successfully established by intravitreal injection with S. aureus and E. coli.
Objective To invesligate the treatment of retinal de tachment(RD) after silicone oil tamponades(SOT)． Methods The records of a consecutive series of 32 eyes with redetachment of retina after SOT surgery between 1998 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively． The surgical techniques used for these cases included remove of silicon oil,peeling of preretinal membrane, retinotomy, endolaser photocoagutation, secondary vitrectomy and C3 F8 tamponades． Results In 28 of 32 eyes the retina was reattached (87．6%)． The postoperative visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes, redused in 4 eyes and remained no change in 16 eyes． The postop erative complications in 6 eyes included secondary glaucoma(3 eyes), hypotony (1 eye) and hyphema (2 eyes)． Conclusion The techniques of preretinal membrane peeling, retinotomy, endophotocoagulation and C3 F8 tamponades can be effectively used in combination to treat the redetachment of retina after the silicone oil tamponades surgery． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2001,17:214-215)
Objective To discuss the treatment of retinal detachment(RD) after posterior chamber intraocular lents(PCIOL) implantation. Methods Twenty eyes with RD after PCIOL inplantation which were treated with vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling and intraocular tamponade from March 1993 to June 1997 in this institute were analysed retrospctively. Results The retinas reattached completely in 16 eyes and partly in 2 eyes after RD operation.The postoperative visual acuity improved in 17 eyes,not improved in 2 eyes,and decreasde in 1 eyes.The PCIOL was taken off during RD operative in 6 eyes.Postoperative complications including displacement of the PCIOL in 2 eyes,hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage were found in this series of RD operation in 1 eyes. Conclusion Vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling and intraocular tamponade is one of the effective methods to treat the eyes with RD with PCIOL. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:165-166)
Background To prove the effect of Jinyebaidu Granule (JYBDG) in treating the Disease of Wind-heat Attacking the Lung (type of heat pathogen invading the defensive Qi of the lung) and objectively evaluate its safety. Methods The muti-center,double-blinded, double-dummy and randomized controlled method was adopted to observe 200 patients who were divided into the treatment group (n=100, treated with JYBDG 10 g, three times a day) and the control group (n=100, treated with Shuanghuanglian Granule 5 g, three times a day). The therapeutic course for both groups was 5 days. Results According to ITT (intention-to-treat) and PP (per-protocol population), In the treatment group, the markedly effective rate was 72.64% and 75.00% respectively, and effective rate was 94.00% and 96.00% respectively, while in the control group the markedly effective rate was 68.63% and 68.00% respectively, and effective rate was 90.20% and 90.00% respectively, no significant difference was found between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). For therapeutic effects on TCM syndromes, In the treatment group, the markedly effective rate was 71.70% and 74.00% respectively, and effective rate was 93.45% and 96.00 % respectively, while in the control group the markedly effective rate was 66.67% and 68.00% respectively, and effective rate was 89.22% and 90.00% respectively, also showed insignificantly difference (Pgt;0.05). No adverse effect was found in the observation. Conclusion JYBDG shows a definite clinical effect with no obvious toxic-adverse effects.
Objective To summarize the progress on diagnosis and treatment of gastric stump cancer. Methods Related literatures in recent 5 years were collected, and the progress on diagnosis and treatment of gastric stump cancer were reviewed. Results The diagnosis of gastric stump cancer mainly depends on endoscopy, mucosal biopsy and other imaging examinations. At present, the main treatment of gastric stump cancer is the total gastrectomy, combined with laparoscopic therapy and endoscopic therapy. On the basis of No.1-No.4 and No.7-No.13 lymph node dissection, the extent of lymph node dissection is enlarged according to the different surgical procedures. Conclusions The main treatment of gastric stump cancer is total gastrectomy, and there are many factors affecting the prognosis, which should be early diagnosis and early treatment. Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric stump caner provides a more convenient and accurate method for the treatment of gastric stump caner.
Objective To analyze the characteristics of pathogens causing bloodstream infection (BSI) after cardiovascular surgery, and provide instructions for prevention and treatment of such kind of disease. Methods A retrospective investigation of clinical and pathogenic data of the patients suffering from BSI after cardiovascular surgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to December 2016 was performed. There were 61 patients with 36 males and 25 females at average age of 48.2±17.1 years. A percentage of 65.6% (40/61) of the underlying diseases was rheumatic heart disease. Results Sixty-five strains were isolated from the blood culture specimens of the 61 patients. Gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi isolates accounted for 56.9% (37/65), 35.4% (23/65), and 7.7% (5/65), respectively. Among these isolates, Streptococcus spp. was predominant (19/65, 29.2%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (8/65, 12.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (6/65, 9.2%), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus- A. baumannii (5/65, 7.7%) and Escherichia coli (5/65, 7.7%). The resistance rate of Streptococcus spp. to erythromycin and clindamycin was 73.4% (14/19) and 63.2% (12/19), while its resistance to cefepime, vancomycin or linezolid was not observed. Staphylococcus spp. showed the resistance rate of 71.4% (10/14) to oxacillin. All of A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant (5/5, 100.0%), and 80.0% (4/5) of them were resistant to imipenem. The isolates producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase accounted for 80.0% (4/5) of E. coli. Conclusion Streptococcus spp. was the common pathogen causing BSI after cardiovascular surgery. Staphylococcus spp. and gram-negative bacilli show high resistance.
Objective To understand research progress on peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer at present stage briefly. Methods The literatures about mechanism, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer at home and aboard were collected to make a review. Results The peritoneal metastasis is the common site of the distant metastasis in the advanced gastric cancer. It’s occurrence mechanism is complex, the diagnostic measure is varied, the prevention way is difficulty, and it give priority to with the comprehensive treatment and the transformed therapy. Conclusion It has a certain necessity to study occurrence mechanism, prevention methods and treatment measures so that improve survival rate and prognosis for patients with peritoneal metastasis from advanced gastric cancer.
Objective To study effects of Helicobacter pylori on oncogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. Method The current literatures on the relationship between the Helicobacter pylori and the pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed. Results The Helicobacter pylori infection might play a role in the development of the pancreatic cancer. The infection rate of the Helicobacter pylori in the patients with pancreatic cancer is higher than that of the healthy controls; furthermore, in the patients with Helicobacter pylori antibody positive, the infection rate of the Helicobacter pylori in the cytotoxin-associated gene A-negative strains of Helicobacter pylori is significantly higher than that of the healthy controls. Conclusions Helicobacter pylori infection is related to occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer. Specific mechanism is still not clarified and further research is need to study.