With the continuous advancements in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, there have been significant changes in the treatment management and surgical resection assessment of locally advanced lung cancer. In October 2024, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) published the “STS expert consensus on the multidisciplinary management and resectability of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer”. This expert consensus aims to provide the latest insights on the assessment of resectability and multidisciplinary management of locally advanced lung cancer, focusing on three key areas: neoadjuvant (including perioperative) therapy, adjuvant therapy, and the overall management approach. This article aims to interpret the consensus, with the intention of introducing the latest perspectives of the STS consensus to thoracic surgeons. It seeks to provide a reference for the rational implementation of surgical resection and multidisciplinary management of non-small cell lung cancer in China, as well as for the standardization of comprehensive treatment models.