ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of patient-derived organoid (PDO) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in preclinical drug screening for gastric cancer, aiming to provide a new perspective for precise drug screening and promote the application of personalized medicine and precision medicine for gastric cancer. MethodA literature review was conducted on the use of PDO and PDX models in the basic research and preclinical drug screening for gastric cancer. ResultsThe PDO and PDX models of gastric cancer exhibited a higher tumor biological simulation capability and a relatively accurate preclinical drug response prediction. However, they each have some certain limitations. The advent of organoid models based on xenografting, which combines the advantages of both, is expected to compensate for their respective shortcomings. These models can better reflect the heterogeneity of patients’ tumors and have unique advantages in the evaluation of new targeted drugs for specific molecular targets in gastric cancer, such as epidermal growth factor receptor. They show a certain correlation with the actual clinical response of patients, paving a new way for the development of new drugs, the study of drug action and resistance mechanisms, and personalized therapy. ConclusionsPDO and PDX models, as a highly promising research platform, show a great potential in the screening of anti-tumor drugs and the development of personalized medical strategies.