Objective To understand bariatric-metabolic surgery and explore it’s effects on all systems of body. Method The literatures relevant bariatric-metabolic surgery at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed. Results The bariatric-metabolic surgery continued to evolve, which had undergone the changes of the open and minimally invasive therapeutic pathways, it’s effect of weight reduction was remarkable and had a low incidence of postoperative complications. But there was still no " gold standard” for selection of operation method. The bariatric-metabolic surgery affected the changes of all the systems of the body, could cure or improve the obesity related diseases. Conclusions With minimal invasion and precision of bariatric-metabolic surgery, although it’s complications is less and less, there are still some problems. We need to fully evaluate by multidisciplinary, pay attention to physiological and psychological factors, adopt scientific nutrition management, promote benign development of bariatric-metabolic surgery.