Current situation of vitreous and retinal related tissue specimens collection and application_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Chen Qiong , Cheng Chaohui ,  Hu Bojie

Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300384, China;

Corresponding author：

Hu Bojie, Email: bhu07@tmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Vitreoretinal Surgery; Review; Tissue specimens; Sampling

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20190312-00091

Video：

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Accurate collection and preservation of vitreous and retina-related tissue specimens is the basis for clinical diagnosis and rigorous basic research. The clinical uses of vitreous specimens include microbial culture, cytological detection, detection of degenerative diseases, PCR analysis, and cytological detection of cell morphology. The experimental research uses include DNA gene analysis, protein quantitative analysis, metabolite examination, RNA content quantitative analysis, cytokine determination and so on. Retinal specimens collecting was mainly used for PCR analysis of retinal proliferative membrane, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence examination, microvascular density evaluation, cell isolation and culture, etc. Understanding the collection of vitreoretinal surgical specimens and the application of relevant detection techniques and materials can provide a more comprehensive idea for the diagnosis of vitreoretinal diseases and a broader reference for the related basic research.

Citation： Chen Qiong, Cheng Chaohui, Hu Bojie. Current situation of vitreous and retinal related tissue specimens collection and application. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2020, 36(5): 396-399. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20190312-00091 Copy

1.	李凤鸣, 谢立信. 玻璃体疾病[M]//李凤鸣. 中华眼科学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2014: 2411.Li FM, Xie LX. Vitreous diseases[M]//Chinese Ophthalmology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2014:2411.
2.	Smith JM, Mathias MT, Oliver SC, et al. The influence of needle gauge and infection source on vitreous aspirate cultures[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(4): 453-455. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307081.
3.	Ding N, Luo S, Yu J, et al. Vitreous levels of apolipoprotein A1 and retinol binding protein 4 in human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment[J]. Mol Vis, 2018, 24: 252-260.
4.	Narumi M, Nishitsuka K, Yamakawa M, et al. A survey of vitreous cell components performed using liquid-based cytology[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2015, 93(5): 386-390. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12623.
5.	Jiang H, Du J, He T, et al. Increased D-serine in the aqueous and vitreous humour in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 42(9): 841-845. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12329.
6.	Jeroudi A, Yeh S. Diagnostic vitrectomy for infectious uveitis[J]. Int Ophthalmol Clin, 2014, 54(2): 173-197. DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000017.
7.	Vezzoli S, Bernini M, de Ferrari F. Ethyl glucuronide in vitreous humor and blood postmortem specimens: analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and interpreting results of neo-formation of ethanol[J]. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 2015, 51(1): 19-27. DOI: 10.4415/ANN_15_01_05.
8.	Zhou YL, Wang YX, Yao TT, et al. Traumatic endophthalmitis and the outcome after vitrectomy in young children[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2020, 13(3): 406-411. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.06.
9.	Yu M, Wu Z, Zhang Z, et al. Metabolomic analysis of human vitreous in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(9): 5706-5713. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-163383.
10.	Yan A, You H, Zhang X. Levels of interleukin 27 and interleukin 35 in the serum and vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2018, 26(2): 273-279. DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1203959.
11.	Jayasudha R, Narendran V, Manikandan P, et al. Identification of polybacterial communities in patients with postoperative, posttraumatic, and endogenous endophthalmitis through 16S rRNA gene libraries[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2014, 52(5): 1459-1466. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02093-13.
12.	Celiker H, Kazokoglu H. Ocular culture-proven endogenous endophthalmitis: a 5-year retrospective study of the microorganism spectrum at a tertiary referral center in Turkey[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2019, 39(8): 1743-1751. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0997-9.
13.	Kanno-Okada H, Takakuwa E, Tagawa Y, et al. Cytopathologic findings of cell block materials from the vitreous: diagnostic distinction between intraocular lymphoma and non-lymphomatous diseases[J]. Pathol Int, 2017, 67(7): 342-349. DOI: 10.1111/pin.12551.
14.	Shukla S, Cohen A, Josephberg RG. Nonfamilial vitreous amyloidosis diagnosed by portable sutureless vitrectomy[J]. Retin Cases Brief Rep, 2008, 2(4): 264-265. DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0b013e318074c2e7.
15.	Sakai T, Kohzaki K, Watanabe A, et al. Use of DNA microarray analysis in diagnosis of bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2012, 6: 321-326. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S29230.
16.	Stołyszewski I, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Pepiński W, et al. Vitreous humour as a potential DNA source for postmortem human identification[J]. Folia Histochem Cytobiol, 2007, 45(2): 135-136.
17.	Simó R, Higuera M, García-Ramírez M, et al. Elevation of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein H levels in the vitreous fluid and overexpression in the retina of diabetic patients[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126(8): 1076-1081. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.8.1076.
18.	Ma N, Siegfried C, Kubota M, et al. Expression profiling of ascorbic acid-related transporters in human and mouse eyes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 57(7): 3440-3450. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19162.
19.	Muñoz Barús JI, Suárez-Peñaranda J, Otero XL, et al. Improved estimation of postmortem interval based on differential behaviour of vitreous potassium and hypoxantine in death by hanging[J]. Forensic Sci Int, 2002, 125(1): 67-74. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00616-8.
20.	Erie JC, Butz JA, Good JA, et al. Heavy metal concentrations in human eyes[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2005, 139(5): 888-893. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.12.007.
21.	Bertaso A, de Palo EF, Cirielli V, et al. Lactate determination in human vitreous humour by capillary electrophoresis and time of death investigation[J/OL]. Electrophoresis, 2020, 2020: E1[2020-03-16]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32180233/. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900462. [published online ahead of print].
22.	Gomaa AR, Elsayed ET, Moftah RF. MicroRNA-200b expression in the vitreous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Ophthalmic Res, 2017, 58(3): 168-175. DOI: 10.1159/000475671.
23.	Schoenberger SD, Kim SJ, Sheng J, et al. Reduction of vitreous prostaglandin E2 levels after topical administration of ketorolac 0.45%[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2014, 132(2): 150-154. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5692.
24.	劳伦斯·A·亚努兹. 视网膜图谱[M]. 赵明威, 译. 天津: 天津科技翻译出版有限公司, 2013: 1-2.Yannuzzi LA. The retinal atlas[M]. Zhao MW, Translate. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Translation Publishing Co. Ltd., 2013:1-2.
25.	Amarnani D, Machuca-Parra AI, Wong LL, et al. Effect of methotrexate on an in vitro patient-derived model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(10): 3940-3949. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20912.
26.	Xu J, Zhong H, Cui L, et al. Expression of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 in diabetic epiretinal membranes[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(22): 35532-35541. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16683.
27.	张颖. 免疫组织化学技术[M]//李建国, 王作胜, 赵起, 等. 新编肿瘤常见病诊疗学. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社, 2015: 32.Zhang Y. Immunohistochemical technique[M]//Li JG, Wang ZS, Zhao Q, et al. A new edition of the diagnosis and treatment of common cancer diseases. Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 2015:32.
28.	Dong Y, Dong Z, Kase S, et al. Phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin in epiretinal membrane of human proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(8): 1100-1105. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.08.03.
29.	Wertheimer C, Eibllindner KH, Compera D, et al. A cell culture technique for human epiretinal membranes to describe cell behavior and membrane contraction in vitro[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2017, 255(11): 2147-2155. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3767-x.
30.	Beyazyildiz Ö, Tirhiş MH, Hekimoğlu ER, et al. Histopathological analysis of internal limiting membrane surgically peeled from eyes with epiretinal membrane[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2016, 41(2): 258-261. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1008642.

1. 李凤鸣, 谢立信. 玻璃体疾病[M]//李凤鸣. 中华眼科学. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2014: 2411.Li FM, Xie LX. Vitreous diseases[M]//Chinese Ophthalmology. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2014:2411.
2. Smith JM, Mathias MT, Oliver SC, et al. The influence of needle gauge and infection source on vitreous aspirate cultures[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(4): 453-455. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307081.
3. Ding N, Luo S, Yu J, et al. Vitreous levels of apolipoprotein A1 and retinol binding protein 4 in human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment[J]. Mol Vis, 2018, 24: 252-260.
4. Narumi M, Nishitsuka K, Yamakawa M, et al. A survey of vitreous cell components performed using liquid-based cytology[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2015, 93(5): 386-390. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12623.
5. Jiang H, Du J, He T, et al. Increased D-serine in the aqueous and vitreous humour in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 42(9): 841-845. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12329.
6. Jeroudi A, Yeh S. Diagnostic vitrectomy for infectious uveitis[J]. Int Ophthalmol Clin, 2014, 54(2): 173-197. DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000017.
7. Vezzoli S, Bernini M, de Ferrari F. Ethyl glucuronide in vitreous humor and blood postmortem specimens: analysis by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and interpreting results of neo-formation of ethanol[J]. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 2015, 51(1): 19-27. DOI: 10.4415/ANN_15_01_05.
8. Zhou YL, Wang YX, Yao TT, et al. Traumatic endophthalmitis and the outcome after vitrectomy in young children[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2020, 13(3): 406-411. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.06.
9. Yu M, Wu Z, Zhang Z, et al. Metabolomic analysis of human vitreous in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015, 56(9): 5706-5713. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-163383.
10. Yan A, You H, Zhang X. Levels of interleukin 27 and interleukin 35 in the serum and vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2018, 26(2): 273-279. DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1203959.
11. Jayasudha R, Narendran V, Manikandan P, et al. Identification of polybacterial communities in patients with postoperative, posttraumatic, and endogenous endophthalmitis through 16S rRNA gene libraries[J]. J Clin Microbiol, 2014, 52(5): 1459-1466. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02093-13.
12. Celiker H, Kazokoglu H. Ocular culture-proven endogenous endophthalmitis: a 5-year retrospective study of the microorganism spectrum at a tertiary referral center in Turkey[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2019, 39(8): 1743-1751. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0997-9.
13. Kanno-Okada H, Takakuwa E, Tagawa Y, et al. Cytopathologic findings of cell block materials from the vitreous: diagnostic distinction between intraocular lymphoma and non-lymphomatous diseases[J]. Pathol Int, 2017, 67(7): 342-349. DOI: 10.1111/pin.12551.
14. Shukla S, Cohen A, Josephberg RG. Nonfamilial vitreous amyloidosis diagnosed by portable sutureless vitrectomy[J]. Retin Cases Brief Rep, 2008, 2(4): 264-265. DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0b013e318074c2e7.
15. Sakai T, Kohzaki K, Watanabe A, et al. Use of DNA microarray analysis in diagnosis of bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2012, 6: 321-326. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S29230.
16. Stołyszewski I, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Pepiński W, et al. Vitreous humour as a potential DNA source for postmortem human identification[J]. Folia Histochem Cytobiol, 2007, 45(2): 135-136.
17. Simó R, Higuera M, García-Ramírez M, et al. Elevation of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein H levels in the vitreous fluid and overexpression in the retina of diabetic patients[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2008, 126(8): 1076-1081. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.8.1076.
18. Ma N, Siegfried C, Kubota M, et al. Expression profiling of ascorbic acid-related transporters in human and mouse eyes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 57(7): 3440-3450. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19162.
19. Muñoz Barús JI, Suárez-Peñaranda J, Otero XL, et al. Improved estimation of postmortem interval based on differential behaviour of vitreous potassium and hypoxantine in death by hanging[J]. Forensic Sci Int, 2002, 125(1): 67-74. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00616-8.
20. Erie JC, Butz JA, Good JA, et al. Heavy metal concentrations in human eyes[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2005, 139(5): 888-893. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.12.007.
21. Bertaso A, de Palo EF, Cirielli V, et al. Lactate determination in human vitreous humour by capillary electrophoresis and time of death investigation[J/OL]. Electrophoresis, 2020, 2020: E1[2020-03-16]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32180233/. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900462. [published online ahead of print].
22. Gomaa AR, Elsayed ET, Moftah RF. MicroRNA-200b expression in the vitreous humor of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Ophthalmic Res, 2017, 58(3): 168-175. DOI: 10.1159/000475671.
23. Schoenberger SD, Kim SJ, Sheng J, et al. Reduction of vitreous prostaglandin E2 levels after topical administration of ketorolac 0.45%[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2014, 132(2): 150-154. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5692.
24. 劳伦斯·A·亚努兹. 视网膜图谱[M]. 赵明威, 译. 天津: 天津科技翻译出版有限公司, 2013: 1-2.Yannuzzi LA. The retinal atlas[M]. Zhao MW, Translate. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Translation Publishing Co. Ltd., 2013:1-2.
25. Amarnani D, Machuca-Parra AI, Wong LL, et al. Effect of methotrexate on an in vitro patient-derived model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(10): 3940-3949. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20912.
26. Xu J, Zhong H, Cui L, et al. Expression of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 in diabetic epiretinal membranes[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(22): 35532-35541. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16683.
27. 张颖. 免疫组织化学技术[M]//李建国, 王作胜, 赵起, 等. 新编肿瘤常见病诊疗学. 长春: 吉林科学技术出版社, 2015: 32.Zhang Y. Immunohistochemical technique[M]//Li JG, Wang ZS, Zhao Q, et al. A new edition of the diagnosis and treatment of common cancer diseases. Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 2015:32.
28. Dong Y, Dong Z, Kase S, et al. Phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin in epiretinal membrane of human proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2016, 9(8): 1100-1105. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.08.03.
29. Wertheimer C, Eibllindner KH, Compera D, et al. A cell culture technique for human epiretinal membranes to describe cell behavior and membrane contraction in vitro[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2017, 255(11): 2147-2155. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3767-x.
30. Beyazyildiz Ö, Tirhiş MH, Hekimoğlu ER, et al. Histopathological analysis of internal limiting membrane surgically peeled from eyes with epiretinal membrane[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2016, 41(2): 258-261. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1008642.

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