Research progress on the role of gut microbiota alterations in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Zhao Rui ,  Jiang Libin

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China;

Corresponding author：

Jiang Libin, Email: jlbjlb@sina.com

Keywords：

Demyelinating autoimmune diseases; CNS; Enterobacteriaceae; Allergy and immunology; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210301-00104

Video：

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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a class of immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system that mainly involve the optic nerve and spinal cord. As an important environmental factor, the gut microbiota may play an important role in the occurrence and development of NMOSDs. Previous studies have shown that the structure and number of intestinal flora in NMOSDs patients are different from those of normal healthy people. The altered intestinal flora may cross-react with central nervous system autoantigens, induce T cell differentiation, and affect short-chain fatty acids, etc. The metabolite secretion pathway triggers the occurrence of NMOSDs. The summary of the changes of gut microbiota in patients with NMOSDs and the possible underlying mechanisms by summarizing the literature, aim to provide more effective treatments for the prevention and treatment of NMOSDs in the future.

Citation： Zhao Rui, Jiang Libin. Research progress on the role of gut microbiota alterations in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2022, 38(5): 419-422. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210301-00104 Copy

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7.	Cho I, Blaser MJ. The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease[J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2012, 13(4): 260-270. DOI: 10.1038/nrg3182.
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1. Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, et al. Neuromyelitis optica[J]. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2020, 6(1): 85. DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0214-9.
2. Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis[J]. Lancet, 2004, 364(9451): 2106-2112. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17551-X.
3. Wang Z, Yan Y. Immunopathogenesis in myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica[J/OL]. Front Immunol, 2017, 8: 1785[2017-12-12]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29312313/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01785.
4. Gong J, Qiu W, Zeng Q, et al. Lack of short-chain fatty acids and overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens define dysbiosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a Chinese pilot study[J]. Mult Scler, 2019, 25(9): 1316-1325. DOI: 10.1177/1352458518790396.
5. Lynch SV, Pedersen O. The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease[J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 375(24): 2369-2379. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1600266.
6. McPherson AC, Pandey SP, Bender MJ, et al. Systemic immunoregulatory consequences of gut commensal translocation[J]. Trends Immunol, 2021, 42(2): 137-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.12.005.
7. Cho I, Blaser MJ. The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease[J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2012, 13(4): 260-270. DOI: 10.1038/nrg3182.
8. Berer K, Gerdes LA, Cekanaviciute E, et al. Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2017, 114(40): 10719-10724. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711233114.
9. Cree BA, Spencer CM, Varrin-Doyer M, et al. Gut microbiome analysis in neuromyelitis optica reveals overabundance of clostridium perfringens[J]. Ann Neurol, 2016, 80(3): 443-447. DOI: 10.1002/ana.24718.
10. Shi Z, Qiu Y, Wang J, et al. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a cross sectional study[J/OL]. J Neuroimmunol, 2020, 339: 577126[2020-02-15]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31841737/. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577126.
11. Zhang J, Xu YF, Wu L, et al. Characteristic of gut microbiota in southeastern Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders[J/OL]. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2020, 44: 102217[2020-05-26]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32534438/. DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102217.
12. Pandit L, Cox LM, Malli C, et al. Clostridium bolteae is elevated in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in India and shares sequence similarity with AQP4[J/OL]. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2020, 8(1): e907[2020-11-04]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33148687/. DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000907.
13. Höftberger R, Guo Y, Flanagan EP, et al. The pathology of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease accompanying myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibody[J]. Acta Neuropathol, 2020, 139(5): 875-892. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02132-y.
14. Cui C, Tan S, Tao L, et al. Intestinal barrier breakdown and mucosal microbiota disturbance in neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorders[J/OL]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11: 2101[2020-09-02]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32983166/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02101.
15. Liu J, Mori M, Sugimoto K, et al. Peripheral blood helper T cell profiles and their clinical relevance in MOG-IgG-associated and AQP4-IgG-associated disorders and MS[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2020, 91(2): 132-139. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-321988.
16. Wang Y, Yin Y, Chen X, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by flagellins from segmented filamentous bacteria[J/OL]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 2750[2019-11-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31824516/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02750.
17. Atarashi K, Tanoue T, Oshima K, et al. Treg induction by a rationally selected mixture of Clostridia strains from the human microbiota[J]. Nature, 2013, 500(7461): 232-236. DOI: 10.1038/nature12331.
18. Geva-Zatorsky N, Sefik E, Kua L, et al. Mining the human gut microbiota for immunomodulatory organisms[J]. Cell, 2017, 168(5): 928-943. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.022.
19. Chen D, Qiu YB, Gao ZQ, et al. Sodium propionate attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2020, 68(24): 6554-6563. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01302.
20. Mukherjee A, Lordan C, Ross RP, et al. Gut microbes from the phylogenetically diverse genus Eubacterium and their various contributions to gut health[J/OL]. Gut Microbes, 2020, 12(1): 1802866[2020-11-09]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32835590/. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1802866.
21. Huang J, Wang L, Dahiya S, et al. Histone/protein deacetylase 11 targeting promotes Foxp3+ Treg function[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 8626[2017-08-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28819166/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09211-3.

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