- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China;
Sun Huiqing,
Email: s_huiqing@sina.com
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are common and important diseases in preterm infants. What these diseases have in common is altered blood vessel formation and pathological changes in the case of incomplete organ development. Multiple factors interact to cause abnormal angiogenesis, which increases the likelihood of a common pathway for both diseases. However, little is known about the specific mechanism of this balance in the occurrence and development of BPD or ROP, and there are still no animal models to explore the pathogenesis of these two diseases simultaneously. At present, there is no effective prevention program, and the treatment options include drug therapy, surgery, etc. In the future, more studies are needed to find common therapeutic targets for factors affecting angiogenesis, so as to provide a better choice for the treatment of BPD and ROP and improve the effectiveness of the treatment effect.
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- 1. Abman SH. Impaired vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in the pathogenesis of neonatal pulmonary vascular disease[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2010, 661: 323-335. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-500-2_21.
- 2. Smith LE. Pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Growth Horm IGF Res, 2004, 14(Suppl A): S140-144. DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2004.03.030.
- 3. Cao Y, Xue L. Angiostatin[J]. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2004, 30(1): 83-93. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822973.
- 4. Pasha AB, Chen XQ, Zhou GP. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: pathogenesis and treatment[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2018, 16(6): 4315-4321. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6780.
- 5. Shahzad T, Radajewski S, Chao CM, et al. Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: when inflammation meets organ development[J]. Mol Cell Pediatr, 2016, 3(1): 23. DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0051-9.
- 6. Bhandari V, Bizzarro MJ, Shetty A, et al. Familial and genetic susceptibility to major neonatal morbidities in preterm twins[J]. Pediatrics, 2006, 117(6): 1901-1906. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1414.
- 7. Bizzarro MJ, Hussain N, Jonsson B, et al. Genetic susceptibility to retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Pediatrics, 2006, 118(5): 1858-1863. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-1088.
- 8. Been JV, Debeer A, van Iwaarden JF, et al. Early alterations of growth factor patterns in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia[J]. Pediatr Res, 2010, 67(1): 83-89. DOI: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181c13276.
- 9. Chen J, Smith LE. Retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Angiogenesis, 2007, 10(2): 133-140. DOI: 10.1007/s10456-007-9066-0.
- 10. Levesque BM, Kalish LA, Winston AB, et al. Low urine vascular endothelial growth factor levels are associated with mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Neonatology, 2013, 104(1): 56-64. DOI: 10.1159/000351040.
- 11. Wallace B, Peisl A, Seedorf G, et al. Anti-sFlt-1 therapy preserves lung alveolar and vascular growth in antenatal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2018, 197(6): 776-787. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1371OC.
- 12. McEvoy CT, Durand M. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists: a potential primary prevention for bronchopulmonary dysplasia?[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2018, 197(6): 703-704. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2389ED.
- 13. Sonny S, Yuan H, Chen S, et al. GSDMD deficiency ameliorates hyperoxia-induced BPD and ROP in neonatal mice[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2023, 13(1): 143[2023-01-04]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36599874/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27201-y.
- 14. Stevens A, Soden J, Brenchley PE, et al. Haplotype analysis of the polymorphic human vascular endothelial growth factor gene promoter[J]. Cancer Res, 2003, 63(4): 812-816.
- 15. Kwinta P, Bik-Multanowski M, Mitkowska Z, et al. Genetic risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia[J]. Pediatr Res, 2008, 64(6): 682-688. DOI: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318184edeb.
- 16. Vannay A, Dunai G, Bányász I, et al. Association of genetic polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor and risk for proliferative retinopathy of prematurity[J]. Pediatr Res, 2005, 57(3): 396-398. DOI: 10.1203/01.Pdr.0000153867.80238.E0.
- 17. Yanamandra K, Napper D, Pramanik A, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase genotypes in the etiology of retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants[J]. Ophthalmic Genet, 2010, 31(4): 173-177. DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2010.497528.
- 18. Lutty GA, McLeod DS. Retinal vascular development and oxygen-induced retinopathy: a role for adenosine[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2003, 22(1): 95-111. DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(02)00058-7.
- 19. Brooks SE, Gu X, Samuel S, et al. Reduced severity of oxygen-induced retinopathy in eNOS-deficient mice[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2001, 42(1): 222-228.
- 20. Donohue PK, Gilmore MM, Cristofalo E, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants: a systematic review[J/OL]. Pediatrics, 2011, 127(2): e414-e422[2011-01-10]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21220391/. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3428.
- 21. Askie LM, Ballard RA, Cutter GR, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials[J]. Pediatrics, 2011, 128(4): 729-739. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-2725.
- 22. Cole FS, Alleyne C, Barks JD, et al. NIH consensus development conference statement: inhaled nitric-oxide therapy for premature infants[J]. Pediatrics, 2011, 127(2): 363-369. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3507.
- 23. Bhat R, Salas AA, Foster C, et al. Prospective analysis of pulmonary hypertension in extremely low birth weight infants[J/OL]. Pediatrics, 2012, 129(3): e682-e689[2012-02-06]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22311993/. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1827.
- 24. Hasan SU, Potenziano J, Konduri GG, et al. Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2017, 171(11): 1081-1089. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2618.
- 25. Hellström A, Engström E, Hård A, et al. Postnatal serum insulin-like growth factor I deficiency is associated with retinopathy of prematurity and other complications of premature birth[J]. Pediatrics, 2003, 112(5): 1016-1020. DOI: 10.1542/peds.112.5.1016.
- 26. Chetty A, Andersson S, Lassus P, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in human lung in RDS and BPD[J]. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2004, 37(2): 128-136. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.10415.
- 27. Capoluongo E, Ameglio F, Lulli P, et al. Epithelial lining fluid free IGF-I-to-PAPP-A ratio is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants[J/OL]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2007, 292(1): E308-313[2006-09-05]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16954333/. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00251.2006.
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