Research progress on lattice degeneration of retina_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Chen Xuanyu , He Hailong ,  Jin Zibing

Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Engineering Research Center for Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China;

Corresponding author：

Jin Zibing, Email: jinzb502@ccmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Lattice degeneration; Peripheral retinopathy; Intervention; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-202410021-00389

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Lattice retinal degeneration is a common peripheral retinal degenerative condition and is widely recognized as a significant precursor to retinal detachment, resulting in severe visual loss. Recent advances in deep learning technologies have driven the development and adoption of automated screening systems for lattice retinal degeneration using ultra-widefield fundus imaging. These systems have demonstrated notable success in large-scale screening of peripheral retinal diseases, offering valuable support for the early identification and risk stratification of lattice degeneration. Currently, retinal laser photocoagulation remains the mainstay treatment for lattice degeneration. This intervention effectively mitigates the risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. However, controversies persist regarding the optimal selection of treatment candidates and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. In the future, the continuous evolution of imaging analysis techniques and artificial intelligence holds promise for the development of personalized and precision-based intervention strategies. Such advancements are expected to provide more robust evidence to guide the diagnosis and treatment of lattice retinal degeneration, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

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2.	Morse PH. Lattice degeneration of the retina and retinal detachment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1974, 78(6): 930-934. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(74)90804-6.
3.	Karlin DB, Curtin BJ. Peripheral chorioretinal lesions and axial length of the myopic eye[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1976, 81(5): 625-635. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(76)90129-x.
4.	Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050[J]. Ophthalmology, 2016, 123(5): 1036-1042. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006.
5.	Streeten BW, Bert M. The retinal surface in lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1972, 74(6): 1201-1209. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(72)90743-x.
6.	Kim J, Choi KS. Peripheral lattice degeneration imaging with ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2023, 37(6): 485-489. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0074.
7.	Straatsma BR, Zeegen PD, Foos RY, et al. Lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1974, 77(5): 619-649. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(74)90525-x.
8.	Shukla M, Ahuja OP. A possible relationship between lattice and snail track degenerations of the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1981, 92(4): 482-485. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(81)90639-5.
9.	Wilkinson CP. Evidence-based analysis of prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration[J]. Ophthalmology, 2000, 107(1): 12-15. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00049-4.
10.	Zhang T, Zuo Y, Wei Y, et al. The prevalence and associations of peripheral retinopathy: baseline study of Guangzhou office computer workers[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2018, 2018: 2358690[2018-06-20]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30026983/. DOI: 10.1155/2018/2358690.
11.	Zhang T, Wei YT, Huang WB, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of peripheral myopic retinopathy in Guangzhou office workers[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2018, 11(8): 1390-1395. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.08.22.
12.	Zhang W, Yang F, Chen S, et al. Peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes in highly myopic Chinese children and adolescents: retinal changes in Chinese children and adolescents[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2024, 24(1): 65. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03328-6.
13.	Lai TY, Fan DS, Lai WW, et al. Peripheral and posterior pole retinal lesions in association with high myopia: a cross-sectional community-based study in Hong Kong[J]. Eye (Lond), 2008, 22(2): 209-213. DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702573.
14.	吴鹏伟, 柳慧, 吴瑛洁, 等. 高度近视周边视网膜异常的光相干断层扫描影像特征观察[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2022, 38(6): 478-483. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220110-00023.Wu PW, Liu H, Wu YJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography imaging features of peripheral retinal abnormalities in high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2022, 38(6): 478-483. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220110-00023.
15.	Nguyen HTT, Hoang TT, Pham CM, et al. Prevalence and related factors of myopic retinopathy-a hospital-based cross-section study in Vietnam[J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2023, 106(4): 427-430. DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2039555.
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17.	Murakami F, Ohba N. Genetics of lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Ophthalmologica, 1982, 185(3): 136-140. DOI: 10.1159/000309235.
18.	Dhakal R, Goud A, Narayanan R, et al. Patterns of posterior ocular complications in myopic eyes of Indian population[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 13700[2018-09-12]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30209314/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29536-x.
19.	Khatwani N, Makhija S, Ahuja A. Clinical profile and distribution of peripheral retinal changes in myopic population in a hospital-based study in North India[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2022, 70(4): 1280-1285. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_946_21.
20.	Halpern JI. Routine screening of the retinal periphery[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1966, 62(1): 99-102. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(66)91684-9.
21.	Celorio JM, Pruett RC. Prevalence of lattice degeneration and its relation to axial length in severe myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1991, 111(1): 20-23. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76891-6.
22.	Bansal AS, Hubbard GB 3rd. Peripheral retinal findings in highly myopic children < or =10 years of age[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(4 Suppl): S15-19. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181cf5c80.
23.	Elnahry AG, Khafagy MM, Esmat SM, et al. Prevalence and associations of posterior segment manifestations in a cohort of Egyptian patients with pathological myopia[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2019, 44(9): 955-962. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1606252.
24.	Av-Shalom A, Berson D, Gombos GM, et al. The vitreo-retinopathy associated with retinal detachment among Africans[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1967, 64(3): 387-391. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(67)92001-6.
25.	Tolentino FI, Lapus JV, Novalis G, et al. Fluorescein angiography of degenerative lesions of the peripheral fundus and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment[J]. Int Ophthalmol Clin, 1976, 16(1): 13-29. DOI: 10.1097/00004397-197601610-00005.
26.	Okazaki S, Meguro A, Ideta R, et al. Common variants in the COL2A1 gene are associated with lattice degeneration of the retina in a Japanese population[J], Mol Vis, 2019, 25: 843-850.
27.	Meguro A, Ideta H, Ota M, et al. Common variants in the COL4A4 gene confer susceptibility to lattice degeneration of the retina[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(6): e39300[2012-06-19]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22723992/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039300.
28.	Nash BM, Watson CJG, Hughes E, et al. Heterozygous COL9A3 variants cause severe peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 2021, 29(5): 881-886. DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00820-1.
29.	Byer NE. Long-term natural history of lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Ophthalmology, 1989, 96(9): 1396-1402. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32713-8.
30.	Sasaki K, Ideta H, Yonemoto J, et al. Risk of retinal detachment in patients with lattice degeneration[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 1998, 42(4): 308-313. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5155(98)00012-4.
31.	Cui T, Lin D, Yu S, et al. Deep learning performance of ultra-widefield fundus imaging for screening retinal lesions in rural locales[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2023, 141(11): 1045-1051. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.4650.
32.	Tang YW, Ji J, Lin JW, et al. Automatic detection of peripheral retinal lesions from ultrawide-field fundus images using deep learning[J]. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2023, 12(3): 284-292. DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000599.
33.	Wang T, Liao G, Chen L, et al. Intelligent diagnosis of multiple peripheral retinal lesions in ultra-widefield fundus images based on deep learning[J]. Ophthalmol Ther, 2023, 12(2): 1081-1095. DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00651-x.
34.	Zhang C, He F, Li B, et al. Development of a deep-learning system for detection of lattice degeneration, retinal breaks, and retinal detachment in tessellated eyes using ultra-wide-field fundus images: a pilot study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2021, 259(8): 2225-2234. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05105-3.
35.	Li Z, Guo C, Nie D, et al. A deep learning system for identifying lattice degeneration and retinal breaks using ultra-widefield fundus images[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2019, 7(22): 618. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.28.
36.	Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern®[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(1): 146-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.027.
37.	黄子旭, 王冬冬, 宋宗明. 2019年《玻璃体后脱离、视网膜裂孔和视网膜格子样变性眼科临床指南》解读[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2021, 39(1): 67-71. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201016-00697.Huang ZX, Wang DD, Song ZM. Interpretation of the 2019 posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2021, 39(1): 67-71. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201016-00697.
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39.	Wilkinson CP. Interventions for asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration for preventing retinal detachment[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, 3(3): CD003170[2012-04-14]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22419286/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003170.pub3.
40.	Wilkinson CP. Interventions for asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration for preventing retinal detachment[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, 2014(9): CD003170[2014-09-05]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25191970/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003170.pub4.
41.	Tsai CY, Hung KC, Wang SW, et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of peripheral lattice degeneration of myopic eyes before and after laser photocoagulation[J]. J Formos Med Assoc, 2019, 118(3): 679-685. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.08.005.
42.	Curran CD, Adams OE, Vagaggini T, et al. Prophylactic treatment of lattice degeneration in fellow eyes after repair of uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment[J]. Retina, 2024, 44(1): 63-70. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003908.
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1. Lewis H. Peripheral retinal degenerations and the risk of retinal detachment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2003, 136(1): 155-160. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00144-2.
2. Morse PH. Lattice degeneration of the retina and retinal detachment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1974, 78(6): 930-934. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(74)90804-6.
3. Karlin DB, Curtin BJ. Peripheral chorioretinal lesions and axial length of the myopic eye[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1976, 81(5): 625-635. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(76)90129-x.
4. Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050[J]. Ophthalmology, 2016, 123(5): 1036-1042. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006.
5. Streeten BW, Bert M. The retinal surface in lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1972, 74(6): 1201-1209. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(72)90743-x.
6. Kim J, Choi KS. Peripheral lattice degeneration imaging with ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography[J]. Korean J Ophthalmol, 2023, 37(6): 485-489. DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0074.
7. Straatsma BR, Zeegen PD, Foos RY, et al. Lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1974, 77(5): 619-649. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(74)90525-x.
8. Shukla M, Ahuja OP. A possible relationship between lattice and snail track degenerations of the retina[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1981, 92(4): 482-485. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(81)90639-5.
9. Wilkinson CP. Evidence-based analysis of prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration[J]. Ophthalmology, 2000, 107(1): 12-15. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00049-4.
10. Zhang T, Zuo Y, Wei Y, et al. The prevalence and associations of peripheral retinopathy: baseline study of Guangzhou office computer workers[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2018, 2018: 2358690[2018-06-20]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30026983/. DOI: 10.1155/2018/2358690.
11. Zhang T, Wei YT, Huang WB, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of peripheral myopic retinopathy in Guangzhou office workers[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2018, 11(8): 1390-1395. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.08.22.
12. Zhang W, Yang F, Chen S, et al. Peripheral and posterior pole retinal changes in highly myopic Chinese children and adolescents: retinal changes in Chinese children and adolescents[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2024, 24(1): 65. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03328-6.
13. Lai TY, Fan DS, Lai WW, et al. Peripheral and posterior pole retinal lesions in association with high myopia: a cross-sectional community-based study in Hong Kong[J]. Eye (Lond), 2008, 22(2): 209-213. DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702573.
14. 吴鹏伟, 柳慧, 吴瑛洁, 等. 高度近视周边视网膜异常的光相干断层扫描影像特征观察[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2022, 38(6): 478-483. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220110-00023.Wu PW, Liu H, Wu YJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography imaging features of peripheral retinal abnormalities in high myopia[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2022, 38(6): 478-483. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220110-00023.
15. Nguyen HTT, Hoang TT, Pham CM, et al. Prevalence and related factors of myopic retinopathy-a hospital-based cross-section study in Vietnam[J]. Clin Exp Optom, 2023, 106(4): 427-430. DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2039555.
16. Chen DZ, Koh V, Tan M, et al. Peripheral retinal changes in highly myopic young Asian eyes[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2018, 96(7): e846-e851[2018-04-25]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29575821/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13752. (与文献3重复).Chen DZ, Koh V, Tan M, et al. Peripheral retinal changes in highly myopic young Asian eyes[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2018, 96(7): e846-e851[2018-04-25]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29575821/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13752. (与文献3重复).
17. Murakami F, Ohba N. Genetics of lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Ophthalmologica, 1982, 185(3): 136-140. DOI: 10.1159/000309235.
18. Dhakal R, Goud A, Narayanan R, et al. Patterns of posterior ocular complications in myopic eyes of Indian population[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 13700[2018-09-12]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30209314/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29536-x.
19. Khatwani N, Makhija S, Ahuja A. Clinical profile and distribution of peripheral retinal changes in myopic population in a hospital-based study in North India[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2022, 70(4): 1280-1285. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_946_21.
20. Halpern JI. Routine screening of the retinal periphery[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1966, 62(1): 99-102. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(66)91684-9.
21. Celorio JM, Pruett RC. Prevalence of lattice degeneration and its relation to axial length in severe myopia[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1991, 111(1): 20-23. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76891-6.
22. Bansal AS, Hubbard GB 3rd. Peripheral retinal findings in highly myopic children < or =10 years of age[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(4 Suppl): S15-19. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181cf5c80.
23. Elnahry AG, Khafagy MM, Esmat SM, et al. Prevalence and associations of posterior segment manifestations in a cohort of Egyptian patients with pathological myopia[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2019, 44(9): 955-962. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1606252.
24. Av-Shalom A, Berson D, Gombos GM, et al. The vitreo-retinopathy associated with retinal detachment among Africans[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1967, 64(3): 387-391. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(67)92001-6.
25. Tolentino FI, Lapus JV, Novalis G, et al. Fluorescein angiography of degenerative lesions of the peripheral fundus and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment[J]. Int Ophthalmol Clin, 1976, 16(1): 13-29. DOI: 10.1097/00004397-197601610-00005.
26. Okazaki S, Meguro A, Ideta R, et al. Common variants in the COL2A1 gene are associated with lattice degeneration of the retina in a Japanese population[J], Mol Vis, 2019, 25: 843-850.
27. Meguro A, Ideta H, Ota M, et al. Common variants in the COL4A4 gene confer susceptibility to lattice degeneration of the retina[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(6): e39300[2012-06-19]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22723992/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039300.
28. Nash BM, Watson CJG, Hughes E, et al. Heterozygous COL9A3 variants cause severe peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration and retinal detachment[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 2021, 29(5): 881-886. DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00820-1.
29. Byer NE. Long-term natural history of lattice degeneration of the retina[J]. Ophthalmology, 1989, 96(9): 1396-1402. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32713-8.
30. Sasaki K, Ideta H, Yonemoto J, et al. Risk of retinal detachment in patients with lattice degeneration[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 1998, 42(4): 308-313. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5155(98)00012-4.
31. Cui T, Lin D, Yu S, et al. Deep learning performance of ultra-widefield fundus imaging for screening retinal lesions in rural locales[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2023, 141(11): 1045-1051. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.4650.
32. Tang YW, Ji J, Lin JW, et al. Automatic detection of peripheral retinal lesions from ultrawide-field fundus images using deep learning[J]. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2023, 12(3): 284-292. DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000599.
33. Wang T, Liao G, Chen L, et al. Intelligent diagnosis of multiple peripheral retinal lesions in ultra-widefield fundus images based on deep learning[J]. Ophthalmol Ther, 2023, 12(2): 1081-1095. DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00651-x.
34. Zhang C, He F, Li B, et al. Development of a deep-learning system for detection of lattice degeneration, retinal breaks, and retinal detachment in tessellated eyes using ultra-wide-field fundus images: a pilot study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2021, 259(8): 2225-2234. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05105-3.
35. Li Z, Guo C, Nie D, et al. A deep learning system for identifying lattice degeneration and retinal breaks using ultra-widefield fundus images[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2019, 7(22): 618. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.28.
36. Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern®[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 127(1): 146-181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.027.
37. 黄子旭, 王冬冬, 宋宗明. 2019年《玻璃体后脱离、视网膜裂孔和视网膜格子样变性眼科临床指南》解读[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2021, 39(1): 67-71. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201016-00697.Huang ZX, Wang DD, Song ZM. Interpretation of the 2019 posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2021, 39(1): 67-71. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201016-00697.
38. Wilkinson C. Interventions for asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration for preventing retinal detachment[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005, 3: CD003170[2005-01-25]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15674902/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003170.
39. Wilkinson CP. Interventions for asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration for preventing retinal detachment[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, 3(3): CD003170[2012-04-14]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22419286/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003170.pub3.
40. Wilkinson CP. Interventions for asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration for preventing retinal detachment[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014, 2014(9): CD003170[2014-09-05]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25191970/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003170.pub4.
41. Tsai CY, Hung KC, Wang SW, et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of peripheral lattice degeneration of myopic eyes before and after laser photocoagulation[J]. J Formos Med Assoc, 2019, 118(3): 679-685. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.08.005.
42. Curran CD, Adams OE, Vagaggini T, et al. Prophylactic treatment of lattice degeneration in fellow eyes after repair of uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment[J]. Retina, 2024, 44(1): 63-70. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003908.
43. 郭希让, 田清芬, 张明申, 等. 视网膜格子样变性致视网膜脱离的防治研究[J]. 河南医学研究, 1995, 4(2): 97-101.Guo XR, Tian QF, Zhang MS, et al. Prevention and treatment of retinal detachment caused by lattice degeneration[J]. Henan Medical Research, 1995, 4(2): 97-101.
44. 郭希让, 田清芬, 尹卫靖, 等. 氩激光治疗视网膜格子样变性的远期疗效[J]. 中国激光医学杂志, 1992, 1(3): 137-140. DOI: 10.13480/j.issn1003-9430.1992.03.003.Guo XR, Tian QF, Yin WJ, et al, Effect of Argon Laser Photocoagulation for prophylactric treatment of eyes with retinal degeneration[J]. Chinese J Laser Med Surg, 1992, 1(3): 137-140. DOI: 10.13480/j.issn1003-9430.1992.03.003.
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