Advances in prognosis and treatment of uveal melanoma_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Zhou Li , Xie Xuelu , Xiao Yu ,  Liu Yali

West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

Liu Yali, Email: liuyali1978@163.com

Keywords：

Uveal melanoma; Prognosis; Liver-directed therapy; Tebentafusp; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20241203-00462

Video：

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Uveal melanoma (UM) is a common type of adult ocular malignancy, and its metastasis potential and prognosis are closely related to tumor stage, histopathological features and genetic molecular markers. Currently, eyeball-preserving radiation therapy, including adhesive radiotherapy and proton beam radiotherapy, has become the preferred method for UM treatment. Despite this, overall survival is low, with about 50% of patients eventually developing distant metastases. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in the field of treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma, especially in the development of new technologies and new drugs. These advances reduce the risk of tumor metastasis and spread while improving the cure rate for patients. Tibenfox is a major breakthrough in the treatment of uveal melanoma. Through these explorations, it is hoped that in the future, early diagnosis of the disease can guide prognosis assessment and implement personalized treatment strategies aimed at protecting patient vision, controlling tumor metastasis, and improving survival.

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1. 中国医药教育协会眼科专业委员会, 中华医学会眼科学分会眼整形眼眶病学组, 中国抗癌协会眼肿瘤专业委员会. 中国葡萄膜黑色素瘤诊疗专家共识(2021年)[J]. 中华眼科杂志, 2021, 57(12): 12. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210926-00452.Chinese Medical Education Association Ophthalmology Committee, Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch Ophthalmic plastic and Orbital Group, Chinese Anti-cancer Association Ophthalmic Tumor Committee. Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of uveal melanoma (2021)[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57(12): 12. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210926-00452.
2. Khoja L, Atenafu EG, Suciu S, et al. Meta-analysis in metastatic uveal melanoma to determine progression free and overall survival benchmarks: an international rare cancers initiative (IRCI) ocular melanoma study[J]. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30(8): 1370-1380. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz176.
3. Singh AD, Turell ME, Topham AK. Uveal melanoma: trends in incidence, treatment, and survival[J]. Ophthalmology, 2011, 118(9): 1881-1885. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.040.
4. 王依凝, 魏文斌. 葡萄膜黑色素瘤的预后评估[J]. 中国医学前沿杂志(电子版), 2020, 12(12): 11-17. DOI: 10.12037/YXQY.2020.12-03.Wang YN, Wei WB. Prognostic evaluation of uveal melanoma[J]. Chinese Journal of the Frontiers of Medical Science (Electronic Version), 2020, 12(12): 11-17. DOI: 10.12037/YXQY.2020.12-03.
5. Che WQ, Li YJ, Tsang CK, et al. How to use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data: research design and methodology[J]. Mil Med Res, 2023, 10(1): 50. DOI: 10.1186/ s40779-023-00488-2. DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00488-2.
6. Delgado-Ramos GM, Thomas F, VanderWalde A, et al. Risk factors, clinical outcomes, and natural history of uveal melanoma: a single-institution analysis[J]. Med Oncol, 2019, 36(2): 17. DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1230-4.
7. 魏文斌. 进一步提高我国脉络膜黑色素瘤的诊断治疗水平[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22(3): 147-149. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:1005-1015.2006.03.001.Wei WB. More efforts should be made to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of choroidal melanoma[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22(3): 147-149. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:1005-1015.2006.03.001.
8. Lv M, Yan X, Tu Y. A predictive web-based nomogram for elderly patients newly diagnosed as uveal melanoma: a population-based study[J/OL]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 799083[2022-09-23]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35814753/. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.799083.
9. Alfaar AS, Saad A, Wiedemann P, et al. The epidemiology of uveal melanoma in Germany: a nationwide report of incidence and survival between 2009 and 2015[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2022, 260(5): 1723-1731. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05317-7.
10. Fane M, Weeraratna AT. How the ageing micro-environment influences tumour progression[J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2020, 20(2): 89-106. DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0222-9.
11. 梁楚翘, 罗婧婷, 李洋, 等. 2011年至2021年中国葡萄膜黑色素瘤研究现状及进展[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2022, 38(3): 6. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220131-00062.Liang CQ, Luo JT, Li Y, et al. Clinical research status and progress of uveal melanoma in China of 2011-2021[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 38(3): 6. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20220131-00062.
12. 朱瑞琳, 魏文斌, 李彬, 等. 葡萄膜黑色素瘤临床病理特征与预后的相关因素分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2011, 27(5): 5. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2011.05.008.Zhu RL, Wei WB, Li B, et al. The relationship between the prognosis and the clinical and pathological features of uveal melanomas[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2011, 27(5): 5. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2011.05.008.
13. 徐程, 李霄, 马淑颖, 等. 葡萄膜黑色素瘤22例临床病理和分子遗传学特征分析[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志, 2020, 36(9): 5. DOI: 10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2020.09.001.Xu C, Li X, Ma SY, et al. Clinicopathological and molecular analyses of 22 cases of uveal melanoma[J]. J Clin Exp Pathol, 2020, 36(9): 5. DOI: 10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2020.09.001.
14. 吕红彬, 罗清礼, 唐健, 等. 脉络膜黑色素瘤组织病理学分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22(3): 161-165. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:1005-1015.2006.03.005.Lyu HB, Luo QL, Tang J, et al. Histopathological analysis of choroidal melanoma[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22(3): 161-165. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:1005-1015.2006.03.005.
15. 侯燕, 解来青, 沈珊珊, 等. 15例脉络膜黑色素瘤患者临床及病理学特征分析[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2023, 39(10): 817-822. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230313-00112.Hou Y, Xie LQ, Shen SS, et al. Clinical and pathological features of 15 patients with choroidal melanoma[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2023, 39(10): 817-822. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230313-00112.
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