Design of a System for Real-time Seizure Detection and Closed-loop Electrical Stimulation_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

HUZhenhua ,  FENGZhouyan , ZHENGXiaojing , YUYing

College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;

Corresponding author：

FENGZhouyan, Email: fengzhouyan@139.com

Keywords：

epilepsy; electrical stimulation; close-loop; LabVIEW; NI data acquisition card

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.20150031

Video：

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In order to investigate the effect of deep brain stimulation on diseases such as epilepsy, we developed a closed-loop electrical stimulation system using LabVIEW virtual instrument environment and NI data acquisition card. The system was used to detect electrical signals of epileptic seizures automatically and to generate electrical stimuli. We designed a novel automatic detection algorithm of epileptic seizures by combining three features of field potentials: the amplitude, slope and coastline index. Experimental results of rat epileptic model in the hippocampal region showed that the system was able to detect epileptic seizures with an accuracy rate 91.3% and false rate 8.0%. Furthermore, the on-line high frequency electrical stimuli showed a suppression effect on seizures. In addition, the system was adaptive and flexible with multiple work modes, such as automatic and manual modes. Moreover, the simple time-domain algorithm of seizure detection guaranteed the real-time feature of the system and provided an easy-to-use equipment for the experiment researches of epilepsy control by electrical stimulation.

Citation： HUZhenhua, FENGZhouyan, ZHENGXiaojing, YUYing. Design of a System for Real-time Seizure Detection and Closed-loop Electrical Stimulation. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2015, 32(1): 168-174. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.20150031 Copy

1.	MORMANN F, ANDRZEJAK R G, ELGER C E, et al. Seizure prediction: the long and winding road[J]. Brain, 2007, 130(2):314-333.
2.	STACEY W C, LITT B. Technology insight: neuroengineering and epilepsy-designing devices for seizure control[J]. Nat Clin Pract Neurol, 2008, 4(4):190-201.
3.	THEODORE W H, FISHER R S. Brain stimulation for epilepsy[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2004, 3(2): 111-118.
4.	PEREIRA E A C, GREEN A L, STACEY R J, et al. Refractory epilepsy and deep brain stimulation[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2012, 19(1):27-33.
5.	SMITH J R, FOUNTAS K N, MURRO A M, et al. Closed-loop stimulation in the control of focal epilepsy of insular origin[J]. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg, 2010, 88(5):281-287.
6.	SCHILLER Y, BANKIRER Y. Cellular mechanisms underlying antiepileptic effects of low-and high-frequency electrical stimulation in acute epilepsy in neocortical brain slices in vitro[J]. J Neurophysiol, 2007, 97(3):1887-1902.
7.	AWAN N R, LOZANO A, HAMANI C, et al. Deep brain stimulation: current and future perspectives[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(1):E2.
8.	袁媛, 郝红伟, 李路明.闭环植入式神经刺激器的现状与发展趋势[J].中国生物医学工程学报, 2012, 31 (5): 762-764.
9.	YOUNG C P, LIANG S F, CHANG D W, et al. A portable wireless online closed-loop seizure controller in freely moving rats[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2011, 60(2):513-520.
10.	MUSTO A E, SAMII M S, HAYES J F. Different phases of afterdischarge during rapid kindling procedure in mice[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2009, 85(2):199-205.
11.	张云亮, 冯平法, 鲍晟. LabVIEW在大数据采集与处理软件中的应用[J].自动化仪表, 2012, 33(7): 19-20.
12.	李达, 魏学哲, 孙泽昌. LabVIEW数据采集系统的设计与实现[J].中国仪器仪表, 2007, 1(1): 49-50.
13.	阮奇桢.我和LabVIEW——一个NI工程师的十年编程经验[M]. 2版.北京:北京航空大学出版社, 2012: 234-237.
14.	KORN S J, GIACCHINO J L, CHAMBERLIN N L, et al. Epileptiform burst activity induced by potassium in the hippocampus and its regulation by GABA-mediated inhibition[J]. Neurophysiol, 1987, 57(1): 325-341.
15.	WHITE A M, WILLIAMS P A, FERRARO D J, et al. Efficient unsupervised algorithms for the detection of seizures in continuous EEG recordings from rats after brain injury[J]. J Neurosci Methods, 2006, 152(1):255-266.
16.	封洲燕, 光磊, 郑晓静, 等.应用线性硅电极阵列检测海马场电位和单细胞动作电位[J].生物化学与生物物理进展, 2007, 34(4): 401-407.
17.	封洲燕, 肖乾江, 胡振华.电刺激期间神经细胞单元锋电位的检测[J].中国生物医学工程学报, 2013, 32(4): 403-410.
18.	RAGHUNATHAN S, JAITLI A, IRAZOQUI P P. Multistage seizure detection techniques optimized for low-power hardware platforms [J]. Epilepsy Behav, 2011, 22(Suppl 1):S61-S68.
19.	LITT B, ECHAUZ J. Prediction of epileptic seizures[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2002, 1(1): 22-30.
20.	TZALLAS A T, TSIPOURAS M G, FOTIADIS D I. Epileptic seizure detection in EEGs using time-frequency analysis [J]. IEEE Trans Information Technol Biomed, 2009, 13(5):703-709.
21.	ABDELHALIM K, JAFARI H M, KOKAROVTSEVA L, et al. 64-Channel UWB wireless neural vector analyzer SOC with a closed-loop phase synchrony-triggered neurostimulator[J]. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2013, 48(10): 6-22.

1. MORMANN F, ANDRZEJAK R G, ELGER C E, et al. Seizure prediction: the long and winding road[J]. Brain, 2007, 130(2):314-333.
2. STACEY W C, LITT B. Technology insight: neuroengineering and epilepsy-designing devices for seizure control[J]. Nat Clin Pract Neurol, 2008, 4(4):190-201.
3. THEODORE W H, FISHER R S. Brain stimulation for epilepsy[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2004, 3(2): 111-118.
4. PEREIRA E A C, GREEN A L, STACEY R J, et al. Refractory epilepsy and deep brain stimulation[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2012, 19(1):27-33.
5. SMITH J R, FOUNTAS K N, MURRO A M, et al. Closed-loop stimulation in the control of focal epilepsy of insular origin[J]. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg, 2010, 88(5):281-287.
6. SCHILLER Y, BANKIRER Y. Cellular mechanisms underlying antiepileptic effects of low-and high-frequency electrical stimulation in acute epilepsy in neocortical brain slices in vitro[J]. J Neurophysiol, 2007, 97(3):1887-1902.
7. AWAN N R, LOZANO A, HAMANI C, et al. Deep brain stimulation: current and future perspectives[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2009, 27(1):E2.
8. 袁媛, 郝红伟, 李路明.闭环植入式神经刺激器的现状与发展趋势[J].中国生物医学工程学报, 2012, 31 (5): 762-764.
9. YOUNG C P, LIANG S F, CHANG D W, et al. A portable wireless online closed-loop seizure controller in freely moving rats[J]. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2011, 60(2):513-520.
10. MUSTO A E, SAMII M S, HAYES J F. Different phases of afterdischarge during rapid kindling procedure in mice[J]. Epilepsy Res, 2009, 85(2):199-205.
11. 张云亮, 冯平法, 鲍晟. LabVIEW在大数据采集与处理软件中的应用[J].自动化仪表, 2012, 33(7): 19-20.
12. 李达, 魏学哲, 孙泽昌. LabVIEW数据采集系统的设计与实现[J].中国仪器仪表, 2007, 1(1): 49-50.
13. 阮奇桢.我和LabVIEW——一个NI工程师的十年编程经验[M]. 2版.北京:北京航空大学出版社, 2012: 234-237.
14. KORN S J, GIACCHINO J L, CHAMBERLIN N L, et al. Epileptiform burst activity induced by potassium in the hippocampus and its regulation by GABA-mediated inhibition[J]. Neurophysiol, 1987, 57(1): 325-341.
15. WHITE A M, WILLIAMS P A, FERRARO D J, et al. Efficient unsupervised algorithms for the detection of seizures in continuous EEG recordings from rats after brain injury[J]. J Neurosci Methods, 2006, 152(1):255-266.
16. 封洲燕, 光磊, 郑晓静, 等.应用线性硅电极阵列检测海马场电位和单细胞动作电位[J].生物化学与生物物理进展, 2007, 34(4): 401-407.
17. 封洲燕, 肖乾江, 胡振华.电刺激期间神经细胞单元锋电位的检测[J].中国生物医学工程学报, 2013, 32(4): 403-410.
18. RAGHUNATHAN S, JAITLI A, IRAZOQUI P P. Multistage seizure detection techniques optimized for low-power hardware platforms [J]. Epilepsy Behav, 2011, 22(Suppl 1):S61-S68.
19. LITT B, ECHAUZ J. Prediction of epileptic seizures[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2002, 1(1): 22-30.
20. TZALLAS A T, TSIPOURAS M G, FOTIADIS D I. Epileptic seizure detection in EEGs using time-frequency analysis [J]. IEEE Trans Information Technol Biomed, 2009, 13(5):703-709.
21. ABDELHALIM K, JAFARI H M, KOKAROVTSEVA L, et al. 64-Channel UWB wireless neural vector analyzer SOC with a closed-loop phase synchrony-triggered neurostimulator[J]. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits, 2013, 48(10): 6-22.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Design of a System for Real-time Seizure Detection and Closed-loop Electrical Stimulation

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