Biocompatibility evaluation of electrospun PLCL/fibrinogen nanofibers in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

GUO Jiahua ^1,2 , ZHANG Yu ² , CHEN Liyuan ² , XU Liming ² ,  MO Xiumei ¹ ,  CHEN Liang ²

1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China;
2. National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

MO Xiumei, Email: xmm@dhu.edu.cn; CHEN Liang, Email: chenliang@nifdc.org.cn

Keywords：

Biocompatibility; Electrospun; PLCL/Fibrinogen nanofibers; Ligament reconstruction

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202107011

Video：

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The study aimed to evaluate the safety and function of poly(lactic-acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL)/fibrinogen nanofibers (P/F-Ns), and provide theoretical basis for the clinical application. The surface morphology, mechanical properties, the hydrophilicity and the fibrinogen content of P/F-Ns were tested by scanning electron microscope, the material testing machine, the contact angle meter and the microplate reader, respectively. The cell adhesion, proliferation and ligament remodeling genes expression of Hig-82 cells on P/F-Ns were conducted through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and real-time quantitative PCR analyses, respectively. The results showed that with the increase of the fibrinogen content, the pore sizes and hydrophilicity of three P/F-Ns increased, but the mechanical properties decreased. Cell adhesion and proliferation tests showed that P/F-N-2 held the best ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. The ligament remodeling genes expressions of Hig-82 cells on P/F-N-1, P/F-N-2 and P/F-N-3 were all up-regulated compared to P/F-N-0 on days 3 and 7. All the three P/F-Ns containing fibrinogen (P/F-N-1, P/F-N-2 and P/F-N-3) had better biocompatibility compared to P/F-N-0, and could be efficiently applied to the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament.

Citation： GUO Jiahua, ZHANG Yu, CHEN Liyuan, XU Liming, MO Xiumei, CHEN Liang. Biocompatibility evaluation of electrospun PLCL/fibrinogen nanofibers in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2022, 39(3): 544-550, 560. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202107011 Copy

1.	Chen P, Zhu S, Wang Y, et al. The amelioration of cartilage degeneration by ADAMTS-5 inhibitor delivered in a hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(9): 2827-2836.
2.	Kim H S, Seon J K, Jo A R. Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Relat Res, 2013, 25: 165-173.
3.	Cohen M, Amaro J T, Ejnisman B, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after 10 to 15 years: association between meniscectomy and osteoarthrosis. Arthroscopy, 2007, 23: 629-634.
4.	Buoncristiani A M, Tjoumakaris F P, Starman J S, et al. Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy, 2006, 22: 11-16.
5.	Brunet P, Charrois O, Degeorges R, et a1. Reconstruction of acute posterior cruciate ligament tears usinga synthetic ligament. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, 2005, 91(1): 34-43.
6.	余浩, 邓晚秋, 桑鹏, 刘毅. 关节镜下自体同侧腓骨长肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2020, 34(7): 843-847.
7.	Schindler O S. Surgery for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: a historical perspective. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2012, 20: 5-7.
8.	Seo Y K, Yoon H H, Song K Y, et al. Increase in cell migration and angiogenesis in a composite silk scaffold for tissue-engineered ligaments. J Orthop Res, 2009, 27: 495-503.
9.	Schindler O S. Surgery for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: a historical perspective. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2012, 20: 45-47.
10.	Murray A W, Macnicol M F. 10-16 years results of Leeds-Keio anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee, 2004, 11: 9-14.
11.	Indelicato P A, Pascale M S, Huegel M O. Early experience with the GORE-TEX polytetrafluoroethylene anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. Am J Sports Med, 1989, 17: 52-55.
12.	Woods G A, Indelicato P A, Prevot T J. The Gore-Tex anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. Two versus three year results. Am J Sports Med, 1991, 19: 48-55.
13.	Maletius W, Gillquist J. Long-term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a Dacron prosthesis. The frequency of osteoarthritis after seven to eleven years. Am J Sports Med, 1997, 25: 88-93.
14.	Rushton N, Dandy D J, Naylor C P. The clinical, arthroscopic and histological findings after replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament with carbon-fiber. J Bone Jt Surg Br, 1983, 65: 30-39.
15.	Wredmark T, Engstrom B. Five-year results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the Stryker Dacron high-strength ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 1993, 1(2): 71-75.
16.	Frank C B, Jackson D W. The science of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1997, 79(10): 1556-1576.
17.	Fukubayashi T, Ikeda K. Follow-up study of Gore-Tex artificial ligament—special emphasis on tunnel osteolysis. J Long Term Eff Med Implants, 2000, 10(4): 267-277.
18.	Miller M D, Peters C L, Allen B. Early aseptic loosening of a total knee arthroplasty due to Gore-Tex particle-induced osteolysis. J Arthroplasty, 2006, 21(5): 765-770.
19.	Hehl G, Kinzl L, Reichel R. Carbon-fiber implants for knee ligament reconstruction. 10-year results. Chirurg, 1997, 68(11): 1119-1125.
20.	Debnath U K, Fairclough J A, Williams R L. Long-term local effects of carbon fibre in the knee. Knee, 2004, 11(4): 259-264.
21.	史新立, 谭芳奕, 王召旭. 疯牛病病原体研究及动物源性医疗器械产品安全性思考. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2006, 20(11): 1138-1144.
22.	陶凯忠, 陈尔瑜, 丁光宏. 胶原纤维的结构和生物力学. 解剖科学进展杂志, 1998, 4(4): 289-293.
23.	张弛. 纤维连接蛋白表面修饰后聚酯纤维韧带细胞相容性的变化. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2007, 11(31): 6149-6154.
24.	孙康, 王立德, 张羽飞, 等. 人工合成材料重建膝关节交叉韧带的进展. 骨与关节损伤杂志, 2000, 15(3): 236-238.
25.	Barber F A, Burans J P, Deutsch A, et al. A prospective, randomized evaluation of acellular human dermal matrix augmentation for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Arthrroscope, 2012, 28(1): 8-15.
26.	金良. 生长因子包被的PLCL/纤维蛋白原静电纺丝膜片与兔骨髓间充质干细胞的体外生物相容性研究. 合肥: 安徽医科大学, 2012.
27.	尹玉霞, 郑秀娥, 鲁守涛, 等. 静电纺丝及其在生物医用材料中的应用. 中国医疗器械信息, 2019, 25(1): 46-47, 128.
28.	董鑫. 静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备及其在生物医药方面的应用. 中外医疗, 2008, 32: 154.
29.	王枫. 膝关节人工韧带损伤与人工韧带研究进展. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(21): 3919-3922.
30.	侯立刚, 杨建义. 人工韧带生物材料修复膝关节交叉韧带损伤: 问题及前景. 中国组织工程研究, 2016, 20(8): 1196-1202.
31.	赵旭辉, 王芳. 人工韧带材料表面修饰及在膝关节交叉韧带重建中的应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(42): 7915-7918.
32.	王昆, 朱蕾, 金文涛, 等. 生物型人工韧带的体外检测和体内组织相容性的实验研究. 中国病理生理杂志, 2010, 26(12): 2394-2399.

1. Chen P, Zhu S, Wang Y, et al. The amelioration of cartilage degeneration by ADAMTS-5 inhibitor delivered in a hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(9): 2827-2836.
2. Kim H S, Seon J K, Jo A R. Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Relat Res, 2013, 25: 165-173.
3. Cohen M, Amaro J T, Ejnisman B, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after 10 to 15 years: association between meniscectomy and osteoarthrosis. Arthroscopy, 2007, 23: 629-634.
4. Buoncristiani A M, Tjoumakaris F P, Starman J S, et al. Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy, 2006, 22: 11-16.
5. Brunet P, Charrois O, Degeorges R, et a1. Reconstruction of acute posterior cruciate ligament tears usinga synthetic ligament. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, 2005, 91(1): 34-43.
6. 余浩, 邓晚秋, 桑鹏, 刘毅. 关节镜下自体同侧腓骨长肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2020, 34(7): 843-847.
7. Schindler O S. Surgery for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: a historical perspective. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2012, 20: 5-7.
8. Seo Y K, Yoon H H, Song K Y, et al. Increase in cell migration and angiogenesis in a composite silk scaffold for tissue-engineered ligaments. J Orthop Res, 2009, 27: 495-503.
9. Schindler O S. Surgery for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: a historical perspective. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2012, 20: 45-47.
10. Murray A W, Macnicol M F. 10-16 years results of Leeds-Keio anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee, 2004, 11: 9-14.
11. Indelicato P A, Pascale M S, Huegel M O. Early experience with the GORE-TEX polytetrafluoroethylene anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. Am J Sports Med, 1989, 17: 52-55.
12. Woods G A, Indelicato P A, Prevot T J. The Gore-Tex anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. Two versus three year results. Am J Sports Med, 1991, 19: 48-55.
13. Maletius W, Gillquist J. Long-term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a Dacron prosthesis. The frequency of osteoarthritis after seven to eleven years. Am J Sports Med, 1997, 25: 88-93.
14. Rushton N, Dandy D J, Naylor C P. The clinical, arthroscopic and histological findings after replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament with carbon-fiber. J Bone Jt Surg Br, 1983, 65: 30-39.
15. Wredmark T, Engstrom B. Five-year results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the Stryker Dacron high-strength ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 1993, 1(2): 71-75.
16. Frank C B, Jackson D W. The science of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1997, 79(10): 1556-1576.
17. Fukubayashi T, Ikeda K. Follow-up study of Gore-Tex artificial ligament—special emphasis on tunnel osteolysis. J Long Term Eff Med Implants, 2000, 10(4): 267-277.
18. Miller M D, Peters C L, Allen B. Early aseptic loosening of a total knee arthroplasty due to Gore-Tex particle-induced osteolysis. J Arthroplasty, 2006, 21(5): 765-770.
19. Hehl G, Kinzl L, Reichel R. Carbon-fiber implants for knee ligament reconstruction. 10-year results. Chirurg, 1997, 68(11): 1119-1125.
20. Debnath U K, Fairclough J A, Williams R L. Long-term local effects of carbon fibre in the knee. Knee, 2004, 11(4): 259-264.
21. 史新立, 谭芳奕, 王召旭. 疯牛病病原体研究及动物源性医疗器械产品安全性思考. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2006, 20(11): 1138-1144.
22. 陶凯忠, 陈尔瑜, 丁光宏. 胶原纤维的结构和生物力学. 解剖科学进展杂志, 1998, 4(4): 289-293.
23. 张弛. 纤维连接蛋白表面修饰后聚酯纤维韧带细胞相容性的变化. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2007, 11(31): 6149-6154.
24. 孙康, 王立德, 张羽飞, 等. 人工合成材料重建膝关节交叉韧带的进展. 骨与关节损伤杂志, 2000, 15(3): 236-238.
25. Barber F A, Burans J P, Deutsch A, et al. A prospective, randomized evaluation of acellular human dermal matrix augmentation for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Arthrroscope, 2012, 28(1): 8-15.
26. 金良. 生长因子包被的PLCL/纤维蛋白原静电纺丝膜片与兔骨髓间充质干细胞的体外生物相容性研究. 合肥: 安徽医科大学, 2012.
27. 尹玉霞, 郑秀娥, 鲁守涛, 等. 静电纺丝及其在生物医用材料中的应用. 中国医疗器械信息, 2019, 25(1): 46-47, 128.
28. 董鑫. 静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备及其在生物医药方面的应用. 中外医疗, 2008, 32: 154.
29. 王枫. 膝关节人工韧带损伤与人工韧带研究进展. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(21): 3919-3922.
30. 侯立刚, 杨建义. 人工韧带生物材料修复膝关节交叉韧带损伤: 问题及前景. 中国组织工程研究, 2016, 20(8): 1196-1202.
31. 赵旭辉, 王芳. 人工韧带材料表面修饰及在膝关节交叉韧带重建中的应用. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(42): 7915-7918.
32. 王昆, 朱蕾, 金文涛, 等. 生物型人工韧带的体外检测和体内组织相容性的实验研究. 中国病理生理杂志, 2010, 26(12): 2394-2399.

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