Ethics considerations on brain-computer interface technology_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

ZHANG Zhe ¹ , ZHAO Xu ¹ , MA Yixin ^2,3 , DING Peng ^2,3 , NAN Wenya ⁴ , GONG Anmin ⁵ ,  FU Yunfa ^2,3

1. School of Marxism, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China;
2. School of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China;
3. Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China;
4. Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China;
5. College of Information Engineering, Engineering University of PAP, Xi’an 710000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Ethics for brain-computer interface; Informed consent right; Physical and mental health; User-centered; No harm to others and society

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202208058

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The development and potential application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is closely related to the human brain, so that the ethical regulation of BCI has become an important issue attracting the consideration of society. Existing literatures have discussed the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspectives of non-BCI developers and scientific ethics, while few discussions have been launched from the perspective of BCI developers. Therefore, there is a great need to study and discuss the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspective of BCI developers. In this paper, we present the user-centered and non-harmful BCI technology ethics, and then discuss and look forward on them. This paper argues that human beings can cope with the ethical issues arising from BCI technology, and as BCI technology develops, its ethical norms will be improved continuously. It is expected that this paper can provide thoughts and references for the formulation of ethical norms related to BCI technology.

Citation： ZHANG Zhe, ZHAO Xu, MA Yixin, DING Peng, NAN Wenya, GONG Anmin, FU Yunfa. Ethics considerations on brain-computer interface technology. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(2): 358-364. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202208058 Copy

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2.	伏云发, 龚安民, 南文雅. 神经反馈原理与实践. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2021: 33-34.
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6.	Lyu X , Ding P , Li S , et al. Human factors engineering of BCI: an evaluation for satisfaction of BCI based on motor imagery. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2023, 17(1): 105-118.
7.	顾心怡, 陈少峰. 脑机接口的伦理问题研究. 科学技术哲学研究, 2021, 38(4): 79-85.
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12.	张力新, 常美榕, 王仲朋, 等. SSSEP提升下肢MI-BCI系统性能及其多维脑电特征分析. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2021, 40(4): 429-437.
13.	胡永林, 陆安民, 马颖, 等. 脑机接口技术在脑卒中康复中的应用进展. 中华物理医学与康复杂志, 2022, 44(4): 365-368.
14.	何艳, 张通. 脑机接口技术在慢性脑卒中患者上肢康复中的研究进展. 中国康复理论与实践, 2021, 27(3): 277-281.
15.	Zabcikova M, Koudelkova Z, Jasek R, et al. Recent advances and current trends in brain-computer interface research and their applications. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2022, 82(2): 107-123.
16.	Esfandiari H, Troxler P, Hodel S, et al. Introducing a brain-computer interface to facilitate intraoperative medical imaging control-a feasibility study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 701.
17.	黄文华. 生物3D打印在器官再造中的前沿热点和研究进展. 器官移植, 2022, 13(2): 161-168.
18.	田贵鑫, 陈俊杰, 丁鹏, 等. 脑机接口中运动想象的执行与能力的评估和提高方法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 434-446.
19.	谢士遥, 汤佳贝, 蔡雨, 等. 脑电BCI系统的软硬件开发平台发展现状. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2022, 36(6): 1-12.
20.	肖峰. 脑机接口的价值选择: 治疗还是增强?. 科学技术哲学研究, 2022, 39(4): 1-8.
21.	Sengupta S. Invasive brain computer interface systems and the right to human flourishing: extent of sufficiency of article 8 of the european convention of human rights to regulate invasive brain computer interface systems to ensure the right to human flourishing. Tilburg: Tilburg University, 2021.
22.	韩雨, 葛悦涛. 2020年人工智能领域科技发展综述. 飞航导弹, 2021(4): 1-6.
23.	韩雨, 韩丛英. 2021年人工智能领域科技发展综述. 战术导弹技术, 2022(2): 42-51.
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26.	王高峰, 张志领. 算法伦理视域下的脑机接口伦理问题研究. 自然辩证法研究, 2022, 38(7): 68-73.
27.	Luo S, Rabbani Q, Crone N E. Brain-computer interface: applications to speech decoding and synthesis to augment communication. Neurotherapeutics, 2022, 19(1): 263-273.
28.	董煜阳, 龚安民, 丁鹏, 等. 一种新型结合下肢动觉运动想象和视觉运动想象的脑机接口. 南京大学学报: 自然科学, 2022, 58(3): 460-468.
29.	Pandarinath C, Bensmaia S J. The science and engineering behind sensitized brain-controlled bionic hands. Physiol Rev, 2022, 102(2): 551-604.
30.	Khan M A, Das R, Hansen J P, et al. Brain and behaviour computing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021.
31.	伏云发, 龚安民, 陈超, 等. 面向实用的脑-机接口: 缩小研究与实际应用之间的差距. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2022: 45-47.
32.	Bu J, Zhang X. Brain-computer interface research. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, 2021: 66-68.
33.	Clausen J. Man, machine and in between. Nature. 2009, 457 (7233): 1080–1081.
34.	Haselager P, Vlek R, Hill J, et al. A note on ethical aspects of BCI. Neural Networks. 2009, 22 (9): 1352–1357.
35.	Tamburrini G. Brain to computer communication: ethical perspectives on interaction model. Neuroethics, 2009, 2(3): 137-149.
36.	Attiah M A, Farah M J. Minds, motherboards, and money: futurism and realism in the neuroethics of BCI technologies. Front Syst Neurosci, 2014, 8: 86.
37.	马诗雯, 陈海丹. 消费级脑电图产品的伦理问题及其应对策略. 自然辩证法通讯, 2022, 44(6): 85-93.

1. 伏云发, 郭衍龙, 张夏冰, 等. 脑-机接口—革命性的人机交互. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2020: 52-56.
2. 伏云发, 龚安民, 南文雅. 神经反馈原理与实践. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2021: 33-34.
3. 伏云发, 杨秋红, 徐保磊, 等. 脑-机接口原理与实践. 北京: 国防工业出版社,2017: 5-6.
4. 伏云发, 王帆, 丁鹏, 等. 脑-计算机接口. 国防工业出版社, 北京: 2023: 631-646.
5. 吕晓彤, 丁鹏, 李思语, 等. 脑机接口人因工程及应用: 以人为中心的脑机接口设计和评价方法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(2): 210-223.
6. Lyu X , Ding P , Li S , et al. Human factors engineering of BCI: an evaluation for satisfaction of BCI based on motor imagery. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2023, 17(1): 105-118.
7. 顾心怡, 陈少峰. 脑机接口的伦理问题研究. 科学技术哲学研究, 2021, 38(4): 79-85.
8. Convie L J, Clements J M, McCain S, et al. Development of a core outcome set for informed consent for therapy: an international key stakeholder consensus study. BMC Medical Ethics, 2022, 23(1): 79-87.
9. Liu K, Yu Y, Liu Y, et al. A novel brain-controlled wheelchair combined with computer vision and augmented reality. Biomedical Engineering Online, 2022, 21(1): 50.
10. Wu Y L, Fang S C, Chen S C, et al. Effects of neurofeedback on fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Management Nursing, 2021, 22(6): 755-763.
11. 肖峰. 脑机接口中的自我认同问题. 天津社会科学, 2022, 3(3): 23-32.
12. 张力新, 常美榕, 王仲朋, 等. SSSEP提升下肢MI-BCI系统性能及其多维脑电特征分析. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2021, 40(4): 429-437.
13. 胡永林, 陆安民, 马颖, 等. 脑机接口技术在脑卒中康复中的应用进展. 中华物理医学与康复杂志, 2022, 44(4): 365-368.
14. 何艳, 张通. 脑机接口技术在慢性脑卒中患者上肢康复中的研究进展. 中国康复理论与实践, 2021, 27(3): 277-281.
15. Zabcikova M, Koudelkova Z, Jasek R, et al. Recent advances and current trends in brain-computer interface research and their applications. Int J Dev Neurosci, 2022, 82(2): 107-123.
16. Esfandiari H, Troxler P, Hodel S, et al. Introducing a brain-computer interface to facilitate intraoperative medical imaging control-a feasibility study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2022, 23(1): 701.
17. 黄文华. 生物3D打印在器官再造中的前沿热点和研究进展. 器官移植, 2022, 13(2): 161-168.
18. 田贵鑫, 陈俊杰, 丁鹏, 等. 脑机接口中运动想象的执行与能力的评估和提高方法. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 434-446.
19. 谢士遥, 汤佳贝, 蔡雨, 等. 脑电BCI系统的软硬件开发平台发展现状. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2022, 36(6): 1-12.
20. 肖峰. 脑机接口的价值选择: 治疗还是增强?. 科学技术哲学研究, 2022, 39(4): 1-8.
21. Sengupta S. Invasive brain computer interface systems and the right to human flourishing: extent of sufficiency of article 8 of the european convention of human rights to regulate invasive brain computer interface systems to ensure the right to human flourishing. Tilburg: Tilburg University, 2021.
22. 韩雨, 葛悦涛. 2020年人工智能领域科技发展综述. 飞航导弹, 2021(4): 1-6.
23. 韩雨, 韩丛英. 2021年人工智能领域科技发展综述. 战术导弹技术, 2022(2): 42-51.
24. Fiachra O, Bert G. Brain–computer interfaces and user responsibility. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, 2014: 22-26.
25. Nijboer F, Clausen J, Allison B Z, et al. The Asilomar survey: stakeholders' opinions on ethical issues related to brain-computer interfacing. Neuroethics, 2013, 6(3): 541-578.
26. 王高峰, 张志领. 算法伦理视域下的脑机接口伦理问题研究. 自然辩证法研究, 2022, 38(7): 68-73.
27. Luo S, Rabbani Q, Crone N E. Brain-computer interface: applications to speech decoding and synthesis to augment communication. Neurotherapeutics, 2022, 19(1): 263-273.
28. 董煜阳, 龚安民, 丁鹏, 等. 一种新型结合下肢动觉运动想象和视觉运动想象的脑机接口. 南京大学学报: 自然科学, 2022, 58(3): 460-468.
29. Pandarinath C, Bensmaia S J. The science and engineering behind sensitized brain-controlled bionic hands. Physiol Rev, 2022, 102(2): 551-604.
30. Khan M A, Das R, Hansen J P, et al. Brain and behaviour computing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021.
31. 伏云发, 龚安民, 陈超, 等. 面向实用的脑-机接口: 缩小研究与实际应用之间的差距. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2022: 45-47.
32. Bu J, Zhang X. Brain-computer interface research. Berlin: Springer Publishing Company, 2021: 66-68.
33. Clausen J. Man, machine and in between. Nature. 2009, 457 (7233): 1080–1081.
34. Haselager P, Vlek R, Hill J, et al. A note on ethical aspects of BCI. Neural Networks. 2009, 22 (9): 1352–1357.
35. Tamburrini G. Brain to computer communication: ethical perspectives on interaction model. Neuroethics, 2009, 2(3): 137-149.
36. Attiah M A, Farah M J. Minds, motherboards, and money: futurism and realism in the neuroethics of BCI technologies. Front Syst Neurosci, 2014, 8: 86.
37. 马诗雯, 陈海丹. 消费级脑电图产品的伦理问题及其应对策略. 自然辩证法通讯, 2022, 44(6): 85-93.

Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Ethics considerations on brain-computer interface technology

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