Surface modification of multifunctional ferrite magnetic nanoparticles and progress in biomedicine_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

ZHANG Linxue ¹ , ALIFU Nuernisha ² , LAN Zhongwen ¹ , YU Zhong ¹ , LI Qifan ¹ , JIANG Xiaona ¹ , WU Chuanjian ¹ ,  SUN Ke ¹

1. School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China;
2. School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Ferrite; Targeting; Bioimaging; Biotherapy

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.202209056

Video：

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Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MFNPs) have great application potential in biomedical fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drugs, magnetothermal therapy and gene delivery. MFNPs can migrate under the action of a magnetic field and target specific cells or tissues. However, to apply MFNPs to organisms, further modifications on the surface of MFNPs are required. In this paper, the common modification methods of MFNPs are reviewed, their applications in medical fields such as bioimaging, medical detection, and biotherapy are summarized, and the future application directions of MFNPs are further prospected.

Citation： ZHANG Linxue, ALIFU Nuernisha, LAN Zhongwen, YU Zhong, LI Qifan, JIANG Xiaona, WU Chuanjian, SUN Ke. Surface modification of multifunctional ferrite magnetic nanoparticles and progress in biomedicine. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 40(2): 378-383. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.202209056 Copy

1.	贾秀鹏, 张东生, 郑杰, 等. 用于肿瘤热疗的锰锌铁氧体纳米粒子的制备及表征. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2006, 23(6): 1263-1266.
2.	Gavilán H, Avugadda S K, Fernández-Cabada T, et al. Magnetic nanoparticles and clusters for magnetic hyperthermia: optimizing their heat performance and developing combinatorial therapies to tackle cancer. Chem Soc Rev, 2021, 50(20): 11614-11668.
3.	Fernandes N, Rodrigues C F, Moreira A F, et al. Overview of the application of inorganic nanomaterials in cancer photothermal therapy. Bio Sci, 2020, 8(11): 2990-3020.
4.	Liu B, Li C X, Chen G Y, et al. Synthesis and optimization of MoS₂@Fe₃O₄-ICG/Pt(IV) nanoflowers for MR/IR/PA bioimaging and combined PTT/PDT/chemotherapy triggered by 808 nm laser. Adv Sci, 2017, 4(8): 1600540-1600552.
5.	Chu M Q, Shao Y X, Peng J L, et al. Near-infrared laser light mediated cancer therapy by photothermal effect of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(16): 4078-4088.
6.	Zhang T, Chai H, Meng F, et al. DNA-functionalized porous Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for the construction of self-powered miRNA biosensor with target recycling amplification. ACS Appl Mater, 2018, 10(43): 36796-36804.
7.	Kim J, Cho H R, Jeon H, et al. Continuous O₂-evolving MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticle-anchored mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient photodynamic therapy in hypoxic cancer. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139(32): 10992-10995.
8.	Wang G S, Ma Y Y, Wei Z Y, et al. Development of multifunctional cobalt ferrite/graphene oxide nanocomposites for magnetic resonance imaging and controlled drug delivery. Chem Eng J, 2016, 289(1): 150-160.
9.	Yin S Y, Song G S, Yang Y, et al. Persistent regulation of tumor microenvironment via circulating catalysis of MnFe₂O₄@Metal-Organic frameworks for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Adv Funct, 2019, 29(25): 1901417-1901427.
10.	Shadie H, Zahra M B, Mohammad M A, et al. Hyperthermia of breast cancer tumor using graphene oxide-cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles in mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 65: 102680-102692.
11.	Stefanie K, Melek K, Luis P, et al. Enhanced in vitro biocompatibility and water dispersibility of magnetite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles employed as ROS formation enhancer in radiation cancer therapy. Small, 2018, 14(21): e1704111.
12.	Wang Y J, Zou L Q, Qiang Z, et al. Enhancing targeted cancer treatment by combining hyperthermia and radiotherapy using Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020, 6(6): 3550-3562.
13.	Yang C Y, Chen Y D, Guo W, et al. Bismuth ferrite-based nanoplatform design: An ablation mechanism study of solid tumor and NIR-triggered photothermal/photodynamic combination cancer therapy. Adv Funct, 2018, 28(18): 1706827.
14.	Yang Z W, Yao J T, Wang J X, et al. Ferrite-encapsulated nanoparticles with stable photothermal performance for multimodal imaging-guided atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization therapy. Biomater Sci, 2021, 9: 5652-5664.
15.	Li W T, Li B Y, Wu B, et al. Free-radical cascade generated by AIPH/Fe₃O₄-coloaded nanoparticles enhances MRI-guided chemo/thermodynamic hypoxic tumor therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2022, 14(26): 29563-29576.
16.	Alberto C, Amanda K A, Sonia C, et al. Iron oxide nanoflowers@CuS hybrids for cancer tri-therapy: Interplay of photothermal therapy, magnetic hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. Theranostics, 2019, 9(5): 1288-1302.
17.	Guan Q Q, Guo R M, Huang S H, et al. Mesoporous polydopamine carrying sorafenib and SPIO nanoparticles for MRI-guided ferroptosis cancer therapy. J Control Release, 2020, 320: 392-403.
18.	Deng Z F, Qiao G L, Ma L J, et al. Photosensitizer-functionalized Mn@Co magnetic nanoparticles for MRI/NIR-mediated photothermal therapy of gastric cancer. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2021, 4: 13523-13533.
19.	Chang T, Hou Y J, Wang F Z, et al. Novel N-TiO₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as a photosensitizer with magnetism and visible light responsiveness for photodynamic inactivation of HeLa cells in vitro. Ceram Int, 2019, 45(10): 13393-13400.
20.	Abdelhamid H N, Wu H F. Proteomics analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of nanoparticles and their interactions with proteins. Trends Analyt Chem, 2015, 65: 30-46.
21.	Ahdoot M, Wilbur A R, Reese S E, et al. MRI-targeted, systematic, and combined biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(10): 917-928.
22.	Ali R, Aziz M H, Gao S, et al. Graphene oxide/zinc ferrite nanocomposite loaded with doxorubicin as a potential theranostic mediu in cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging. Ceram Int, 2022, 48(8): 10741-10750.
23.	Xie J, Yan C Y, Yan Y, et al. Multi-modal Mn-Zn ferrite nanocrystals for magnetically-induced cancer targeted hyperthermia: a comparison of passive and active targeting effects. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(38): 16902-16915.
24.	Pellico J, Ruiz-Cabello J, Saiz-Alía M, et al. Fast synthesis and bioconjugation of ⁶⁸Ga core-doped extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles for PET/MR imaging. Contrast Media Mol I, 2016, 11(3): 203-210.
25.	Mou J, Lin T Q, Huang F Q, et al. Black titania-based theranostic nanoplatform for single NIR laser induced dual-modal imaging-guided PTT/PDT. Biomaterial, 2016, 84: 13-24.
26.	Zhang L X, Chen S, Ma R, et al. NIR-excitable PEG-modified Au nanorods for photothermal therapy of cervical cancer. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2021, 4: 13060-13070.
27.	Putra G E, Huang L, Hsu Y C. Effective combined photodynamic therapy with lipid platinum chloride nanoparticles therapies of oral squamous carcinoma tumor inhibition. J Clin Med, 2019, 12(8): 2112-2120.
28.	Kuo S H, Wu P T, Huang J Y, et al. Fabrication of anisotropic Cu ferrite-polymer core-shell nanoparticles for photodynamic ablation of cervical cancer cells. Nanomaterials, 2020, 10(12): 2429-2438.
29.	Maqusood A, Mohd J, Hisham A, et al. Copper ferrite nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Colloids Surf, 2016, 142: 46-54.
30.	Wang Y F, Meng H M, Song G F, et al. Conjugated-polymer-based nanomaterials for photothermal therapy. ACS Appl Poly Mater, 2020, 2(10): 4258-4272.
31.	Yu C C, Xu L J, Zhang Y Y, et al. Polymer-based nanomaterials for noninvasive cancer photothermal therapy. ACS Appl Poly Mater, 2020, 2(10): 4289-4305.
32.	Zhou B Q, Wu Q, Wang M, et al. Immunologically modified MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles to synergize photothermal therapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Chem Eng J, 2020, 396: 125239.
33.	Das P, Colombo M, Prosperi D. Recent advances in magnetic fluid hyperthermia for cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2019, 174: 42-55.
34.	Deatsch A E, Evans B A. Heating efficiency in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. J Magn Magn Mater, 2014, 354: 163-172.
35.	Zhang Y F, Li G L, Gao X, et al. Method for ferrite nanomaterials-mediated cellular magnetic hyperthermia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020, 6(12): 6652-6660.
36.	Pan J, Xu Y Y, Wu Q S, et al. Mild magnetic hyperthermia-activated innate immunity for liver cancer therapy. J Am Chem Soc, 2021, 143(21): 8116-8128.
37.	Zhong L, Li Y S, Xiong L, et al. Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2021, 6(1): 201.
38.	Qi H Z, Liu C Y, Long L X, et al. Blood exosomes endowed with magnetic and targeting properties for cancer therapy. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(3): 3323-3333.
39.	Bar-Zeev M, Livney Y D, Assaraf Y G. Targeted nanomedicine for cancer therapeutics: Towards precision medicine overcoming drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat, 2017, 31: 15-30.
40.	Xu H L, Yang J J, ZhuGe D L, et al. Glioma-targeted delivery of a theranostic liposome integrated with quantum dots, superparamagnetic iron oxide, and cilengitide for dual-imaging guiding cancer surgery. Adv Health Mater, 2018, 7(9): e1701130.
41.	Shen L Z, Li B, Qiao Y S. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in targeted drug/gene delivery systems. Materials, 2018, 11(2): 324-336.
42.	Xie L, Jiang Q, He Y, et al. Insight into the efficient transfection activity of a designed low aggregated magnetic polyethyleneimine/DNA complex in serum-containing medium and the application in vivo. Biomater Sci, 2015, 3(3): 446-456.
43.	Stephen Z R, Dayringer C J, Lim J J. et al. An approach to rapid synthesis and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for high gene transfection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(10): 6320-6328.
44.	Cai J, Yi P W, Miao Y Q, et al. Ultrasmall T₁-T₂ magnetic resonance multimodal imaging nanoprobes for the detection of beta-amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease mice. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12(24): 26812-26821.
45.	Cesur S, Cam M E, Sayin F S. et al. Electrically controlled drug release of donepezil and BiFeO₃ magnetic nanoparticle-loaded PVA microbubbles/nanoparticles for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Tec, 2022, 67: 102977.

1. 贾秀鹏, 张东生, 郑杰, 等. 用于肿瘤热疗的锰锌铁氧体纳米粒子的制备及表征. 生物医学工程学杂志, 2006, 23(6): 1263-1266.
2. Gavilán H, Avugadda S K, Fernández-Cabada T, et al. Magnetic nanoparticles and clusters for magnetic hyperthermia: optimizing their heat performance and developing combinatorial therapies to tackle cancer. Chem Soc Rev, 2021, 50(20): 11614-11668.
3. Fernandes N, Rodrigues C F, Moreira A F, et al. Overview of the application of inorganic nanomaterials in cancer photothermal therapy. Bio Sci, 2020, 8(11): 2990-3020.
4. Liu B, Li C X, Chen G Y, et al. Synthesis and optimization of MoS₂@Fe₃O₄-ICG/Pt(IV) nanoflowers for MR/IR/PA bioimaging and combined PTT/PDT/chemotherapy triggered by 808 nm laser. Adv Sci, 2017, 4(8): 1600540-1600552.
5. Chu M Q, Shao Y X, Peng J L, et al. Near-infrared laser light mediated cancer therapy by photothermal effect of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles. Biomaterials, 2013, 34(16): 4078-4088.
6. Zhang T, Chai H, Meng F, et al. DNA-functionalized porous Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for the construction of self-powered miRNA biosensor with target recycling amplification. ACS Appl Mater, 2018, 10(43): 36796-36804.
7. Kim J, Cho H R, Jeon H, et al. Continuous O₂-evolving MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticle-anchored mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient photodynamic therapy in hypoxic cancer. J Am Chem Soc, 2017, 139(32): 10992-10995.
8. Wang G S, Ma Y Y, Wei Z Y, et al. Development of multifunctional cobalt ferrite/graphene oxide nanocomposites for magnetic resonance imaging and controlled drug delivery. Chem Eng J, 2016, 289(1): 150-160.
9. Yin S Y, Song G S, Yang Y, et al. Persistent regulation of tumor microenvironment via circulating catalysis of MnFe₂O₄@Metal-Organic frameworks for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Adv Funct, 2019, 29(25): 1901417-1901427.
10. Shadie H, Zahra M B, Mohammad M A, et al. Hyperthermia of breast cancer tumor using graphene oxide-cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles in mice. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol, 2021, 65: 102680-102692.
11. Stefanie K, Melek K, Luis P, et al. Enhanced in vitro biocompatibility and water dispersibility of magnetite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles employed as ROS formation enhancer in radiation cancer therapy. Small, 2018, 14(21): e1704111.
12. Wang Y J, Zou L Q, Qiang Z, et al. Enhancing targeted cancer treatment by combining hyperthermia and radiotherapy using Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020, 6(6): 3550-3562.
13. Yang C Y, Chen Y D, Guo W, et al. Bismuth ferrite-based nanoplatform design: An ablation mechanism study of solid tumor and NIR-triggered photothermal/photodynamic combination cancer therapy. Adv Funct, 2018, 28(18): 1706827.
14. Yang Z W, Yao J T, Wang J X, et al. Ferrite-encapsulated nanoparticles with stable photothermal performance for multimodal imaging-guided atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization therapy. Biomater Sci, 2021, 9: 5652-5664.
15. Li W T, Li B Y, Wu B, et al. Free-radical cascade generated by AIPH/Fe₃O₄-coloaded nanoparticles enhances MRI-guided chemo/thermodynamic hypoxic tumor therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2022, 14(26): 29563-29576.
16. Alberto C, Amanda K A, Sonia C, et al. Iron oxide nanoflowers@CuS hybrids for cancer tri-therapy: Interplay of photothermal therapy, magnetic hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy. Theranostics, 2019, 9(5): 1288-1302.
17. Guan Q Q, Guo R M, Huang S H, et al. Mesoporous polydopamine carrying sorafenib and SPIO nanoparticles for MRI-guided ferroptosis cancer therapy. J Control Release, 2020, 320: 392-403.
18. Deng Z F, Qiao G L, Ma L J, et al. Photosensitizer-functionalized Mn@Co magnetic nanoparticles for MRI/NIR-mediated photothermal therapy of gastric cancer. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2021, 4: 13523-13533.
19. Chang T, Hou Y J, Wang F Z, et al. Novel N-TiO₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite as a photosensitizer with magnetism and visible light responsiveness for photodynamic inactivation of HeLa cells in vitro. Ceram Int, 2019, 45(10): 13393-13400.
20. Abdelhamid H N, Wu H F. Proteomics analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of nanoparticles and their interactions with proteins. Trends Analyt Chem, 2015, 65: 30-46.
21. Ahdoot M, Wilbur A R, Reese S E, et al. MRI-targeted, systematic, and combined biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(10): 917-928.
22. Ali R, Aziz M H, Gao S, et al. Graphene oxide/zinc ferrite nanocomposite loaded with doxorubicin as a potential theranostic mediu in cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging. Ceram Int, 2022, 48(8): 10741-10750.
23. Xie J, Yan C Y, Yan Y, et al. Multi-modal Mn-Zn ferrite nanocrystals for magnetically-induced cancer targeted hyperthermia: a comparison of passive and active targeting effects. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(38): 16902-16915.
24. Pellico J, Ruiz-Cabello J, Saiz-Alía M, et al. Fast synthesis and bioconjugation of ⁶⁸Ga core-doped extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles for PET/MR imaging. Contrast Media Mol I, 2016, 11(3): 203-210.
25. Mou J, Lin T Q, Huang F Q, et al. Black titania-based theranostic nanoplatform for single NIR laser induced dual-modal imaging-guided PTT/PDT. Biomaterial, 2016, 84: 13-24.
26. Zhang L X, Chen S, Ma R, et al. NIR-excitable PEG-modified Au nanorods for photothermal therapy of cervical cancer. ACS Appl Nano Mater, 2021, 4: 13060-13070.
27. Putra G E, Huang L, Hsu Y C. Effective combined photodynamic therapy with lipid platinum chloride nanoparticles therapies of oral squamous carcinoma tumor inhibition. J Clin Med, 2019, 12(8): 2112-2120.
28. Kuo S H, Wu P T, Huang J Y, et al. Fabrication of anisotropic Cu ferrite-polymer core-shell nanoparticles for photodynamic ablation of cervical cancer cells. Nanomaterials, 2020, 10(12): 2429-2438.
29. Maqusood A, Mohd J, Hisham A, et al. Copper ferrite nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Colloids Surf, 2016, 142: 46-54.
30. Wang Y F, Meng H M, Song G F, et al. Conjugated-polymer-based nanomaterials for photothermal therapy. ACS Appl Poly Mater, 2020, 2(10): 4258-4272.
31. Yu C C, Xu L J, Zhang Y Y, et al. Polymer-based nanomaterials for noninvasive cancer photothermal therapy. ACS Appl Poly Mater, 2020, 2(10): 4289-4305.
32. Zhou B Q, Wu Q, Wang M, et al. Immunologically modified MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles to synergize photothermal therapy and immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Chem Eng J, 2020, 396: 125239.
33. Das P, Colombo M, Prosperi D. Recent advances in magnetic fluid hyperthermia for cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2019, 174: 42-55.
34. Deatsch A E, Evans B A. Heating efficiency in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. J Magn Magn Mater, 2014, 354: 163-172.
35. Zhang Y F, Li G L, Gao X, et al. Method for ferrite nanomaterials-mediated cellular magnetic hyperthermia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020, 6(12): 6652-6660.
36. Pan J, Xu Y Y, Wu Q S, et al. Mild magnetic hyperthermia-activated innate immunity for liver cancer therapy. J Am Chem Soc, 2021, 143(21): 8116-8128.
37. Zhong L, Li Y S, Xiong L, et al. Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2021, 6(1): 201.
38. Qi H Z, Liu C Y, Long L X, et al. Blood exosomes endowed with magnetic and targeting properties for cancer therapy. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(3): 3323-3333.
39. Bar-Zeev M, Livney Y D, Assaraf Y G. Targeted nanomedicine for cancer therapeutics: Towards precision medicine overcoming drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat, 2017, 31: 15-30.
40. Xu H L, Yang J J, ZhuGe D L, et al. Glioma-targeted delivery of a theranostic liposome integrated with quantum dots, superparamagnetic iron oxide, and cilengitide for dual-imaging guiding cancer surgery. Adv Health Mater, 2018, 7(9): e1701130.
41. Shen L Z, Li B, Qiao Y S. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in targeted drug/gene delivery systems. Materials, 2018, 11(2): 324-336.
42. Xie L, Jiang Q, He Y, et al. Insight into the efficient transfection activity of a designed low aggregated magnetic polyethyleneimine/DNA complex in serum-containing medium and the application in vivo. Biomater Sci, 2015, 3(3): 446-456.
43. Stephen Z R, Dayringer C J, Lim J J. et al. An approach to rapid synthesis and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles for high gene transfection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8(10): 6320-6328.
44. Cai J, Yi P W, Miao Y Q, et al. Ultrasmall T₁-T₂ magnetic resonance multimodal imaging nanoprobes for the detection of beta-amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease mice. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12(24): 26812-26821.
45. Cesur S, Cam M E, Sayin F S. et al. Electrically controlled drug release of donepezil and BiFeO₃ magnetic nanoparticle-loaded PVA microbubbles/nanoparticles for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Tec, 2022, 67: 102977.

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