Advances in the prevention and treatment of venous thrombotic diseases after spinal cord injury_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

PAN Hongxia , DING Mingfu ,  HE Chengqi

Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

HE Chengqi, Email: hxkfhcq@126.com

Keywords：

Venous thrombotic disease; Spinal cord injury; Medical management; Ultrasonic elastic shear wave

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.201811046

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are high-risk groups of hospitalized patients with venous thrombosis embolism (VTE). VTE is one of the important causes of inpatients’ unexpected death and perioperative accidental death, so SCI patients with VTE deserve special attention. In recent years, the risk factors, epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, and prevention of VTE have been further understood. We also have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the treatment of venous thrombosis, including general prevention, drug, interventional surgery, rehabilitation, etc. Non-invasive examination, new therapeutic technologies, and new oral anticoagulant drugs have also greatly promoted the prevention and treatment of VTE. Meanwhile, prevention system of VTE has been developed from single subject work gradually to the multidisciplinary, multiple grades and doctor-patient cooperation mode, is no longer just dominated by clinical departments, but dominated by hospitals and even higher level department, and a more scientific and effective management mode has being under construction, all of these will further optimize the clinical prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis.

Citation： PAN Hongxia, DING Mingfu, HE Chengqi. Advances in the prevention and treatment of venous thrombotic diseases after spinal cord injury. West China Medical Journal, 2019, 34(5): 581-585. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.201811046 Copy

1.	Shatzer M. Patient safety in the rehabilitation of the adult with a spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 2012, 23(2): 371-375.
2.	王磊, 周娟, 石秀秀, 等. 创伤性脊髓损伤的相关因素研究. 中国骨与关节杂志, 2017, 6(2): 139-144.
3.	陈银海, 刘敏, 何井华. 脊髓损伤患者流行病学调查. 实用医学杂志, 2011, 27(6): 1032-1034.
4.	陈星月, 陈栋, 陈春慧, 等. 中国创伤性脊髓损伤流行病学和疾病经济负担的系统评价. 中国循证医学杂志, 2018, 18(2): 143-150.
5.	National SCI Statistical Center. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) 2016 facts and figures at a glance. J Spinal Cord Med, 2016, 39(4): 493-494.
6.	Chung WS, Lin CL, Chang SN, et al. Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord injury: a nationwide cohort prospective study. Thromb Res, 2014, 133(4): 579-584.
7.	杨枭雄, 于前进, 秦江, 等. 脊髓损伤住院患者1027例流行病学分析. 脊柱外科杂志, 2016, 14(5): 301-305.
8.	韩康, 赵廷宝, 卞娜, 等. 利伐沙班对脊髓损伤术后静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的影响. 中国煤炭工业医学杂志, 2015, 18(5): 692-695.
9.	Do JG, Kim du H, Sung DH. Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after spinal cord injury in Korean patients at acute rehabilitation unit. J Korean Med Sci, 2013, 28(9): 1382-1387.
10.	刘宏炜, 刘璐, 李军, 等. 创伤性截瘫患者康复早期下肢深静脉血栓形成特点及影响因素. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(2): 191-195.
11.	朱晓玲, 冯娜娜, 王明. 下肢深静脉血栓位置与下肢骨折部位的关系. 实用骨科杂志, 2018, 24(1): 84-85.
12.	Clements R, Churilov L, Wahab A, et al. Exploratory analysis of factors associated with venous thromboembolism in Victorian acute traumatic spinal cord-injured patients 2010-2013. Spinal Cord, 2017, 55(1): 74-78.
13.	刘文俊, 胡海燕, 刘亚孔, 等. 脊柱手术后静脉血栓发生率的Meta分析. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2017, 27(10): 913-923.
14.	de Campos Guerra JC, Mourão MA, França CN, et al. Impact of coagulation in the development of thromboembolic events in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 2014, 52(4): 327-332.
15.	Wang CW, Su LL, Tao SB, et al. An elevated serum level of Lipoprotein(a) is a predictor for deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries. World Neurosurg, 2016, 87: 607-612.
16.	Moore RM, Rimler J, Smith BR, et al. Venous thromboembolism: a comparison of chronic spinal cord injury and general surgery patients in a metropolitan veterans affairs hospital. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2016, 138(5): 908E-914E.
17.	Matsumoto S, Suda K, Iimoto S, et al. Prospective study of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury not receiving anticoagulant therapy. Spinal Cord, 2015, 53(4): 306-309.
18.	王星. 静脉血栓栓塞症复发危险因素的研究进展. 实用心脑肺血管病杂志, 2015, 23(9): 1-3.
19.	韩轩茂, 任景芳, 刘秀娥, 等. 蛋白C基因多态性与静脉血栓栓塞症的相关性研究. 中国实用内科杂志, 2007(增刊1): 111.
20.	侯丽虹, 张玲, 刘秀娥, 等. 102例静脉血栓栓塞症患者血浆α2-抗纤溶酶及其Arg6Trp C/T多态性分析. 中华血液学杂志, 2012, 33(7): 581-583.
21.	赵连兴, 李春盛. 静脉血栓栓塞症相关基因研究进展. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2014, 23(11): 1291-1294.
22.	Germing A, Schakrouf M, Lindstaedt M, et al. Serial compression B-scan and Doppler sonography for the screening of deep venous thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010, 38(1): 17-20.
23.	邹宝, 段建明. 下肢深静脉血栓各分期的彩色多普勒表现及疗效评价. 血栓与止血学, 2012, 18(2): 79-82.
24.	刘晓娜, 李娜, 温朝阳. 超声弹性成像技术在深静脉血栓分期中应用的研究进展. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2017, 14(1): 8-10.
25.	周瀚, 梁鲁, 姚碧辉, 等. 下肢深静脉血栓稳定性的研究现状及展望. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2017, 24(4): 525-528.
26.	Masuda M, Ueta T, Shiba K, et al. D-dimer screening for deep venous thrombosis in traumatic cervical spinal injuries. Spine J, 2015, 15(11): 2338-2344.
27.	Rouleau P, Guertin PA. Early changes in deep vein diameter and biochemical markers associated with thrombi formation after spinal cord injury in mice. J Neurotrauma, 2007, 24(8): 1406-1414.
28.	Kostovski E, Dahm A, Mowinckel MC, et al. Circadian rhythms of hemostatic factors in tetraplegia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study of melatonin. Spinal Cord, 2015, 53(4): 285-290.
29.	Hyman GS, Cardenas DD. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in acute spinal cord injury: a report of 2 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2002, 83(9): 1313-1316.
30.	Onmez H, Cingoz HT, Kucuksen S, et al. Bilateral upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis following central cord syndrome. J Spinal Cord Med, 2013, 36(3): 243-246.
31.	Germing A, Schakrouf M, Lindstaedt M, et al. Do not forget the distal lower limb veins in screening patients with spinal cord injuries for deep venous thromboses. Angiology, 2010, 61(1): 78-81.
32.	Riklin C, Baumberger M, Wick L, et al. Deep vein thrombosis and heterotopic ossification in spinal cord injury: a 3 year experience at the Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil. Spinal Cord, 2003, 41(3): 192-198.
33.	Cheng X, Zhang L, Xie NC, et al. Association between small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth and deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries. J Thromb Haemost, 2017, 15(2): 304-311.
34.	赵利, 郭玉君, 艾力曼·马合木提. 炎症因子与静脉血栓栓塞症的相关性研究. 新疆医科大学学报, 2018, 41(3): 284-287.
35.	Halim TA, Chhabra HS, Arora M, et al. Pharmacological prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury: an Indian perspective. Spinal Cord, 2014, 52(7): 547-550.
36.	山慈明, 尹慧珍, 杜书明, 等. 围手术期深静脉血栓形成的物理预防研究进展. 中华护理杂志, 2014, 49(3): 349-354.
37.	柳剑, 李玉军. 静脉血栓栓塞症的物理预防. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2012, 6(2): 329-333.
38.	潘红霞, 丁明甫. 体外超声治疗对血栓性疾病的防治作用. 华西医学, 2012, 27(6): 953-956.
39.	Christie S, Thibault-Halman G, Casha S. Acute pharmacological DVT prophylaxis after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma, 2011, 28(8, SI): 1509-1514.
40.	Liu Y, Xu H, Liu FF, et al. Meta-analysis of heparin therapy for preventing venous thromboembolism in acute spinal cord injury. Int J Surg, 2017, 43: 94-100.
41.	邝土光, 杨媛华, 王辰. 静脉血栓栓塞症华法林抗凝治疗时间的选择. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2010, 33(2): 138-139.
42.	汪志超, 方宏. 新型口服抗凝药防治急性静脉血栓栓塞症的研究进展. 实用心脑肺血管病杂志, 2017, 25(9): 7-12.
43.	黄诚, 李涛, 翁习生. 新型口服抗凝药治疗静脉血栓栓塞的研究进展. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2016, 35(4): 243-247.
44.	叶炜, 刘昌伟. 抗血小板药物在静脉血栓栓塞症延长治疗中的地位. 中华医学杂志, 2015, 95(10): 798-800.
45.	黄晨, 陈汉威. 下肢深静脉血栓的介入治疗研究进展. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2017, 5(2): 70-73.
46.	张希全, 葛世堂. 下肢深静脉血栓形成后综合征的介入治疗. 中国微创外科杂志, 2017, 17(7): 602-605.
47.	张晋豪. 介入治疗对下肢深静脉血栓及并发症的治疗进展. 实用医学影像杂志, 2015, 16(2): 170-171.
48.	张敏, 黄荷, 周保利, 等. 院内静脉血栓栓塞症防治管理体系构建及应用. 中华医院管理杂志, 2017, 33(4): 291-292.
49.	张静, 刘志宇. 医院内静脉血栓栓塞症管理干预实践. 中华医院管理杂志, 2017, 33(1): 51-53.
50.	翟振国, 王辰. 建立和完善医院内静脉血栓栓塞症的防治管理体系. 中华医学杂志, 2015, 95(30): 2417-2418.
51.	秦净. 医院质量管理对围手术期静脉血栓栓塞症防治影响. 中国实用外科杂志, 2017, 37(2): 113-119.
52.	刘伟, 窦秀云, 赵红, 等. 脊髓损伤患者下肢深静脉血栓的健康信念水平及影响因素调查. 护理学杂志, 2017, 32(22): 13-14.
53.	Izcovich A, Popoff F, Rada G. Early mobilization versus bed rest for deep vein thrombosis. Medwave, 2016, 16(Suppl 2): e6478.
54.	张福先. 静脉血栓栓塞诊治过程中的困惑与思考. 血管与腔内血管外科杂志, 2015, 1(1): 8-12.

1. Shatzer M. Patient safety in the rehabilitation of the adult with a spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 2012, 23(2): 371-375.
2. 王磊, 周娟, 石秀秀, 等. 创伤性脊髓损伤的相关因素研究. 中国骨与关节杂志, 2017, 6(2): 139-144.
3. 陈银海, 刘敏, 何井华. 脊髓损伤患者流行病学调查. 实用医学杂志, 2011, 27(6): 1032-1034.
4. 陈星月, 陈栋, 陈春慧, 等. 中国创伤性脊髓损伤流行病学和疾病经济负担的系统评价. 中国循证医学杂志, 2018, 18(2): 143-150.
5. National SCI Statistical Center. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) 2016 facts and figures at a glance. J Spinal Cord Med, 2016, 39(4): 493-494.
6. Chung WS, Lin CL, Chang SN, et al. Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord injury: a nationwide cohort prospective study. Thromb Res, 2014, 133(4): 579-584.
7. 杨枭雄, 于前进, 秦江, 等. 脊髓损伤住院患者1027例流行病学分析. 脊柱外科杂志, 2016, 14(5): 301-305.
8. 韩康, 赵廷宝, 卞娜, 等. 利伐沙班对脊髓损伤术后静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的影响. 中国煤炭工业医学杂志, 2015, 18(5): 692-695.
9. Do JG, Kim du H, Sung DH. Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after spinal cord injury in Korean patients at acute rehabilitation unit. J Korean Med Sci, 2013, 28(9): 1382-1387.
10. 刘宏炜, 刘璐, 李军, 等. 创伤性截瘫患者康复早期下肢深静脉血栓形成特点及影响因素. 中国康复理论与实践, 2018, 24(2): 191-195.
11. 朱晓玲, 冯娜娜, 王明. 下肢深静脉血栓位置与下肢骨折部位的关系. 实用骨科杂志, 2018, 24(1): 84-85.
12. Clements R, Churilov L, Wahab A, et al. Exploratory analysis of factors associated with venous thromboembolism in Victorian acute traumatic spinal cord-injured patients 2010-2013. Spinal Cord, 2017, 55(1): 74-78.
13. 刘文俊, 胡海燕, 刘亚孔, 等. 脊柱手术后静脉血栓发生率的Meta分析. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2017, 27(10): 913-923.
14. de Campos Guerra JC, Mourão MA, França CN, et al. Impact of coagulation in the development of thromboembolic events in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 2014, 52(4): 327-332.
15. Wang CW, Su LL, Tao SB, et al. An elevated serum level of Lipoprotein(a) is a predictor for deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries. World Neurosurg, 2016, 87: 607-612.
16. Moore RM, Rimler J, Smith BR, et al. Venous thromboembolism: a comparison of chronic spinal cord injury and general surgery patients in a metropolitan veterans affairs hospital. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2016, 138(5): 908E-914E.
17. Matsumoto S, Suda K, Iimoto S, et al. Prospective study of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury not receiving anticoagulant therapy. Spinal Cord, 2015, 53(4): 306-309.
18. 王星. 静脉血栓栓塞症复发危险因素的研究进展. 实用心脑肺血管病杂志, 2015, 23(9): 1-3.
19. 韩轩茂, 任景芳, 刘秀娥, 等. 蛋白C基因多态性与静脉血栓栓塞症的相关性研究. 中国实用内科杂志, 2007(增刊1): 111.
20. 侯丽虹, 张玲, 刘秀娥, 等. 102例静脉血栓栓塞症患者血浆α2-抗纤溶酶及其Arg6Trp C/T多态性分析. 中华血液学杂志, 2012, 33(7): 581-583.
21. 赵连兴, 李春盛. 静脉血栓栓塞症相关基因研究进展. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2014, 23(11): 1291-1294.
22. Germing A, Schakrouf M, Lindstaedt M, et al. Serial compression B-scan and Doppler sonography for the screening of deep venous thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010, 38(1): 17-20.
23. 邹宝, 段建明. 下肢深静脉血栓各分期的彩色多普勒表现及疗效评价. 血栓与止血学, 2012, 18(2): 79-82.
24. 刘晓娜, 李娜, 温朝阳. 超声弹性成像技术在深静脉血栓分期中应用的研究进展. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2017, 14(1): 8-10.
25. 周瀚, 梁鲁, 姚碧辉, 等. 下肢深静脉血栓稳定性的研究现状及展望. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2017, 24(4): 525-528.
26. Masuda M, Ueta T, Shiba K, et al. D-dimer screening for deep venous thrombosis in traumatic cervical spinal injuries. Spine J, 2015, 15(11): 2338-2344.
27. Rouleau P, Guertin PA. Early changes in deep vein diameter and biochemical markers associated with thrombi formation after spinal cord injury in mice. J Neurotrauma, 2007, 24(8): 1406-1414.
28. Kostovski E, Dahm A, Mowinckel MC, et al. Circadian rhythms of hemostatic factors in tetraplegia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study of melatonin. Spinal Cord, 2015, 53(4): 285-290.
29. Hyman GS, Cardenas DD. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in acute spinal cord injury: a report of 2 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2002, 83(9): 1313-1316.
30. Onmez H, Cingoz HT, Kucuksen S, et al. Bilateral upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis following central cord syndrome. J Spinal Cord Med, 2013, 36(3): 243-246.
31. Germing A, Schakrouf M, Lindstaedt M, et al. Do not forget the distal lower limb veins in screening patients with spinal cord injuries for deep venous thromboses. Angiology, 2010, 61(1): 78-81.
32. Riklin C, Baumberger M, Wick L, et al. Deep vein thrombosis and heterotopic ossification in spinal cord injury: a 3 year experience at the Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil. Spinal Cord, 2003, 41(3): 192-198.
33. Cheng X, Zhang L, Xie NC, et al. Association between small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth and deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries. J Thromb Haemost, 2017, 15(2): 304-311.
34. 赵利, 郭玉君, 艾力曼·马合木提. 炎症因子与静脉血栓栓塞症的相关性研究. 新疆医科大学学报, 2018, 41(3): 284-287.
35. Halim TA, Chhabra HS, Arora M, et al. Pharmacological prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury: an Indian perspective. Spinal Cord, 2014, 52(7): 547-550.
36. 山慈明, 尹慧珍, 杜书明, 等. 围手术期深静脉血栓形成的物理预防研究进展. 中华护理杂志, 2014, 49(3): 349-354.
37. 柳剑, 李玉军. 静脉血栓栓塞症的物理预防. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2012, 6(2): 329-333.
38. 潘红霞, 丁明甫. 体外超声治疗对血栓性疾病的防治作用. 华西医学, 2012, 27(6): 953-956.
39. Christie S, Thibault-Halman G, Casha S. Acute pharmacological DVT prophylaxis after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma, 2011, 28(8, SI): 1509-1514.
40. Liu Y, Xu H, Liu FF, et al. Meta-analysis of heparin therapy for preventing venous thromboembolism in acute spinal cord injury. Int J Surg, 2017, 43: 94-100.
41. 邝土光, 杨媛华, 王辰. 静脉血栓栓塞症华法林抗凝治疗时间的选择. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2010, 33(2): 138-139.
42. 汪志超, 方宏. 新型口服抗凝药防治急性静脉血栓栓塞症的研究进展. 实用心脑肺血管病杂志, 2017, 25(9): 7-12.
43. 黄诚, 李涛, 翁习生. 新型口服抗凝药治疗静脉血栓栓塞的研究进展. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2016, 35(4): 243-247.
44. 叶炜, 刘昌伟. 抗血小板药物在静脉血栓栓塞症延长治疗中的地位. 中华医学杂志, 2015, 95(10): 798-800.
45. 黄晨, 陈汉威. 下肢深静脉血栓的介入治疗研究进展. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2017, 5(2): 70-73.
46. 张希全, 葛世堂. 下肢深静脉血栓形成后综合征的介入治疗. 中国微创外科杂志, 2017, 17(7): 602-605.
47. 张晋豪. 介入治疗对下肢深静脉血栓及并发症的治疗进展. 实用医学影像杂志, 2015, 16(2): 170-171.
48. 张敏, 黄荷, 周保利, 等. 院内静脉血栓栓塞症防治管理体系构建及应用. 中华医院管理杂志, 2017, 33(4): 291-292.
49. 张静, 刘志宇. 医院内静脉血栓栓塞症管理干预实践. 中华医院管理杂志, 2017, 33(1): 51-53.
50. 翟振国, 王辰. 建立和完善医院内静脉血栓栓塞症的防治管理体系. 中华医学杂志, 2015, 95(30): 2417-2418.
51. 秦净. 医院质量管理对围手术期静脉血栓栓塞症防治影响. 中国实用外科杂志, 2017, 37(2): 113-119.
52. 刘伟, 窦秀云, 赵红, 等. 脊髓损伤患者下肢深静脉血栓的健康信念水平及影响因素调查. 护理学杂志, 2017, 32(22): 13-14.
53. Izcovich A, Popoff F, Rada G. Early mobilization versus bed rest for deep vein thrombosis. Medwave, 2016, 16(Suppl 2): e6478.
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