CHONDROCYTE MICROENVIRONMENT AND APPLICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS IN CONSTRUCTING CHONDROCYTE MICROENVIRONMENT_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHONGWeiliang ,  ZHANGWeiguo

Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, 116011, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHANGWeiguo, Email: weiguozhang63@gmail.com

Keywords：

Chondrocyte; Microenvironment; Microfluidic chip

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20140023

Video：

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Objective To review the chondrocyte survival microenvironment and the research progress of the application of microfluidic chips in constructing the chondrocyte microenvironment. Methods Recent literature about the role of microenvironment in the regulation of chondrocytes and the application of microfluidic chips in constructing the chondrocyte microenvironment was reviewed and analyzed. Results Regulating the microenvironment of chondrocyte mainly involves extracellular matrix microenvironment, mechanical microenvironment, electric microenvironment, and hypoxic microenvironment. Currently, the related research of chondrocyte microenvironment based on microfluidic system mainly involves biochemical stimuli, mechanical stimuli, production of biomimetic scaffold materials, and so on. Conclusion It will be helpful for constructing cartilage tissue being closer to the physiological function in the future to deeply understand chondrocyte survival environment and to mimic the microenvironment in vivo required by chondrocyte development as possible by using microfluidic chips.

Citation： ZHONGWeiliang, ZHANGWeiguo. CHONDROCYTE MICROENVIRONMENT AND APPLICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS IN CONSTRUCTING CHONDROCYTE MICROENVIRONMENT. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(1): 105-108. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140023 Copy

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2.	Bhosale AM,Richardson JB.Articular cartilage:structure,injuries and review of management.Br Med Bull,2008,87:77-95.
3.	Buckwalter JA,Mankin HJ.Articular cartilage:tissue design and chondrocyte-matrix interactions.Instr Course Lect,1998,47:477-486.
4.	Gray ML,Pizzanelli AM,Grodzinsky AJ,et al.Mechanical and physiochemical determinants of the chondrocyte biosynthetic response.J Orthop Res,1988,6(6):777-792.
5.	Guilak F,Ratcliffe A,Mow VC.Chondrocyte deformation and local tissue strain in articular cartilage:a confocal microscopy study.J Orthop Res,1995,13(3):410-421.
6.	Quinn TM,Grodzinsky AJ,Buschmann MD,et al.Mechanical compression alters proteoglycan deposition and matrix deformation around individual cells in cartilage explants.J Cell Sci,1998,111(Pt 5):573-583.
7.	Li KW,Williamson AK,Wang AS,et al.Growth responses of cartilage to static and dynamic compression.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(391 Suppl):S34-48.
8.	Lee CR,Grodzinsky AJ,Spector M.Biosynthetic response of passaged chondrocytes in a type Ⅱ collagen scaffold to mechanical compression.J Biomed Mater Res A,2003,64(3):560-569.
9.	Torzilli PA,Grigiene R,Huang C,et al.Characterization of cartilage metabolic response to static and dynamic stress using a mechanical explant test system.J Biomech,1997,30(1):1-9.
10.	Buschmann MD,Gluzband YA,Grodzinsky AJ,et al.Mechanical compression modulates matrix biosynthesis in chondrocyte/agarose culture.J Cell Sci,1995,108(Pt 4):1497-1508.
11.	Bonassar LJ,Grodzinsky AJ,Frank EH,et al.The effect of dynamic compression on the response of articular cartilage to insulin-like growth factor-I.J Orthop Res,2001,19(1):11-17.
12.	Waldman SD,Spiteri CG,Grynpas MD,et al.Effect of biomechanical conditioning on cartilaginous tissue formation in vitro.J Bone Joint Surg (Am),2003,85-A Suppl 2:101-105.
13.	Waldman SD,Spiteri CG,Grynpas MD,et al.Long-term intermittent compressive stimulation improves the composition and mechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage.Tissue Eng,2004,10(9-10):1323-1331.
14.	Jin M,Frank EH,Quinn TM,et al.Tissue shear deformation stimulates proteoglycan and protein biosynthesis in bovine cartilage explants.Arch Biochem Biophys,2001,395(1):41-48.
15.	Toyoda T,Seedhom BB,Yao JQ,et al.Hydrostatic pressure modulates proteoglycan metabolism in chondrocytes seeded in agarose.Arthritis Rheum,2003,48(10):2865-2872.
16.	Elder BD,Athanasiou KA.Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering:from chondrocytes to tissue regeneration.Tissue Eng Part B Rev,2009,15(1):43-53.
17.	Rutkowski JM,Swartz MA.A driving force for change:interstitial flow as a morphoregulator.Trends Cell Biol,2007,17(1):44-50.
18.	Carter DR,Beaupré GS,Wong M,et al.The mechanobiology of articular cartilage development and degeneration.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2004,(427 Suppl):S69-77.
19.	Lotz MK,Caramés B.Autophagy and cartilage homeostasis mechanisms in joint health,aging and OA.Nat Rev Rheumatol,2011,7(10):579-587.
20.	Likhitpanichkul M,Guo XE,Mow VC.The effect of matrix tension-compression nonlinearity and fixed negative charges on chondrocyte responses in cartilage.Mol Cell Biomech,2005,2(4):191-204.
21.	Brighton CT,Wang W,Clark CC.Up-regulation of matrix in bovine articular cartilage explants by electric fields.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2006,342(2):556-561.
22.	Wang W,Wang Z,Zhang G,et al.Up-regulation of chondrocyte matrix genes and products by electric fields.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2004,(427 Suppl):S163-173.
23.	Grimshaw MJ,Mason RM.Modulation of bovine articular chondrocyte gene expression in vitro by oxygen tension.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2001,9(4):357-364.
24.	林秉承,秦建华.微流控芯片实验室.北京:科学出版社,2006:54-55.
25.	Whitesides GM.The origins and the future of microfluidics.Nature,2006,442(7101):368-373.
26.	Park JY,Takayama S,Lee SH.Regulating microenvironmental stimuli for stem cells and cancer cells using microsystems.Integr Biol (Camb),2010,2(5-6):229-240.
27.	Li Y,Qin J,Lin B,et al.The effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 and basic fibroblast growth factor on the proliferation of chondrocytes embedded in the collagen gel using an integrated microfluidic device.Tissue Eng Part C Methods,2010,16(6):1267-1275.
28.	Chao PG,Tang Z,Angelini E,et al.Dynamic osmotic loading of chondrocytes using a novel microfluidic device.J Biomech,2005,38(6):1273-1281.
29.	Shi X,Zhou J,Zhao Y,et al.Gradient-regulated hydrogel for interface tissue engineering:steering simultaneous osteo/chondrogenesis of stem cells on a chip.Adv Healthc Mater,2013,2(6):846-853.
30.	Moraes C,Wang G,Sun Y,et al.A microfabricated platform for high-throughput unconfined compression of micropatterned biomaterial arrays.Biomaterials,2010,31(3):577-584.
31.	Wu MH,Wang HY,Liu HL,et al.Development of high-throughput perfusion-based microbioreactor platform capable of providing tunable dynamic tensile loading to cells and its application for the study of bovine articular chondrocytes.Biomed Microdevices,2011,13(4):789-798.
32.	Zhong WL,Ma HP,Wang SY,et al.An integrated microfluidic device for characterizing chondrocyte metabolism in response to distinct levels of fluid flow stimulus.Microfluid Nanofluid,2013,15(6):763-773.
33.	Zhong W,Tian K,Zheng X,et al.Mesenchymal stem cell and chondrocyte fates in a multishear microdevice are regulated by Yes-associated protein.Stem Cells Dev,2013,22(14):2083-2093.
34.	Nève N,Kohles SS,Winn SR,et al.Manipulation of suspended single cells by microfluidics and optical tweezers.Cell Mol Bioeng,2010,3(3):213-228.
35.	Mendes AC,Baran ET,Lisboa P,et al.Microfluidic fabrication of self-assembled peptide-polysaccharide microcapsules as 3D environments for cell culture.Biomacromolecules,2012,13(12):4039-4048.
36.	Lin YH,Yang YW,Chen YD,et al.The application of an optically switched dielectrophoretic (ODEP) force for the manipulation and assembly of cell-encapsulating alginate microbeads in a microfluidic perfusion cell culture system for bottom-up tissue engineering.Lab Chip,2012,12(6):1164-1173.
37.	Park K,Hwang JY,Kim C,et al.Dedifferentiated chondrocyte culture using alginate microbead prepared from microfluidic technique.Tissue Eng Regen Med,2009,6(1):353-359.
38.	Wang CC,Yang KC,Lin KH,et al.Cartilage regeneration in SCID mice using a highly organized three-dimensional alginate scaffold.Biomaterials,2012,33(1):120-127.

1. Hollander AP,Dickinson SC,Kafienah W.Stem cells and cartilage development:complexities of a simple tissue.Stem Cells,2010,28(11):1992-1996.
2. Bhosale AM,Richardson JB.Articular cartilage:structure,injuries and review of management.Br Med Bull,2008,87:77-95.
3. Buckwalter JA,Mankin HJ.Articular cartilage:tissue design and chondrocyte-matrix interactions.Instr Course Lect,1998,47:477-486.
4. Gray ML,Pizzanelli AM,Grodzinsky AJ,et al.Mechanical and physiochemical determinants of the chondrocyte biosynthetic response.J Orthop Res,1988,6(6):777-792.
5. Guilak F,Ratcliffe A,Mow VC.Chondrocyte deformation and local tissue strain in articular cartilage:a confocal microscopy study.J Orthop Res,1995,13(3):410-421.
6. Quinn TM,Grodzinsky AJ,Buschmann MD,et al.Mechanical compression alters proteoglycan deposition and matrix deformation around individual cells in cartilage explants.J Cell Sci,1998,111(Pt 5):573-583.
7. Li KW,Williamson AK,Wang AS,et al.Growth responses of cartilage to static and dynamic compression.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001(391 Suppl):S34-48.
8. Lee CR,Grodzinsky AJ,Spector M.Biosynthetic response of passaged chondrocytes in a type Ⅱ collagen scaffold to mechanical compression.J Biomed Mater Res A,2003,64(3):560-569.
9. Torzilli PA,Grigiene R,Huang C,et al.Characterization of cartilage metabolic response to static and dynamic stress using a mechanical explant test system.J Biomech,1997,30(1):1-9.
10. Buschmann MD,Gluzband YA,Grodzinsky AJ,et al.Mechanical compression modulates matrix biosynthesis in chondrocyte/agarose culture.J Cell Sci,1995,108(Pt 4):1497-1508.
11. Bonassar LJ,Grodzinsky AJ,Frank EH,et al.The effect of dynamic compression on the response of articular cartilage to insulin-like growth factor-I.J Orthop Res,2001,19(1):11-17.
12. Waldman SD,Spiteri CG,Grynpas MD,et al.Effect of biomechanical conditioning on cartilaginous tissue formation in vitro.J Bone Joint Surg (Am),2003,85-A Suppl 2:101-105.
13. Waldman SD,Spiteri CG,Grynpas MD,et al.Long-term intermittent compressive stimulation improves the composition and mechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage.Tissue Eng,2004,10(9-10):1323-1331.
14. Jin M,Frank EH,Quinn TM,et al.Tissue shear deformation stimulates proteoglycan and protein biosynthesis in bovine cartilage explants.Arch Biochem Biophys,2001,395(1):41-48.
15. Toyoda T,Seedhom BB,Yao JQ,et al.Hydrostatic pressure modulates proteoglycan metabolism in chondrocytes seeded in agarose.Arthritis Rheum,2003,48(10):2865-2872.
16. Elder BD,Athanasiou KA.Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering:from chondrocytes to tissue regeneration.Tissue Eng Part B Rev,2009,15(1):43-53.
17. Rutkowski JM,Swartz MA.A driving force for change:interstitial flow as a morphoregulator.Trends Cell Biol,2007,17(1):44-50.
18. Carter DR,Beaupré GS,Wong M,et al.The mechanobiology of articular cartilage development and degeneration.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2004,(427 Suppl):S69-77.
19. Lotz MK,Caramés B.Autophagy and cartilage homeostasis mechanisms in joint health,aging and OA.Nat Rev Rheumatol,2011,7(10):579-587.
20. Likhitpanichkul M,Guo XE,Mow VC.The effect of matrix tension-compression nonlinearity and fixed negative charges on chondrocyte responses in cartilage.Mol Cell Biomech,2005,2(4):191-204.
21. Brighton CT,Wang W,Clark CC.Up-regulation of matrix in bovine articular cartilage explants by electric fields.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2006,342(2):556-561.
22. Wang W,Wang Z,Zhang G,et al.Up-regulation of chondrocyte matrix genes and products by electric fields.Clin Orthop Relat Res,2004,(427 Suppl):S163-173.
23. Grimshaw MJ,Mason RM.Modulation of bovine articular chondrocyte gene expression in vitro by oxygen tension.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2001,9(4):357-364.
24. 林秉承,秦建华.微流控芯片实验室.北京:科学出版社,2006:54-55.
25. Whitesides GM.The origins and the future of microfluidics.Nature,2006,442(7101):368-373.
26. Park JY,Takayama S,Lee SH.Regulating microenvironmental stimuli for stem cells and cancer cells using microsystems.Integr Biol (Camb),2010,2(5-6):229-240.
27. Li Y,Qin J,Lin B,et al.The effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 and basic fibroblast growth factor on the proliferation of chondrocytes embedded in the collagen gel using an integrated microfluidic device.Tissue Eng Part C Methods,2010,16(6):1267-1275.
28. Chao PG,Tang Z,Angelini E,et al.Dynamic osmotic loading of chondrocytes using a novel microfluidic device.J Biomech,2005,38(6):1273-1281.
29. Shi X,Zhou J,Zhao Y,et al.Gradient-regulated hydrogel for interface tissue engineering:steering simultaneous osteo/chondrogenesis of stem cells on a chip.Adv Healthc Mater,2013,2(6):846-853.
30. Moraes C,Wang G,Sun Y,et al.A microfabricated platform for high-throughput unconfined compression of micropatterned biomaterial arrays.Biomaterials,2010,31(3):577-584.
31. Wu MH,Wang HY,Liu HL,et al.Development of high-throughput perfusion-based microbioreactor platform capable of providing tunable dynamic tensile loading to cells and its application for the study of bovine articular chondrocytes.Biomed Microdevices,2011,13(4):789-798.
32. Zhong WL,Ma HP,Wang SY,et al.An integrated microfluidic device for characterizing chondrocyte metabolism in response to distinct levels of fluid flow stimulus.Microfluid Nanofluid,2013,15(6):763-773.
33. Zhong W,Tian K,Zheng X,et al.Mesenchymal stem cell and chondrocyte fates in a multishear microdevice are regulated by Yes-associated protein.Stem Cells Dev,2013,22(14):2083-2093.
34. Nève N,Kohles SS,Winn SR,et al.Manipulation of suspended single cells by microfluidics and optical tweezers.Cell Mol Bioeng,2010,3(3):213-228.
35. Mendes AC,Baran ET,Lisboa P,et al.Microfluidic fabrication of self-assembled peptide-polysaccharide microcapsules as 3D environments for cell culture.Biomacromolecules,2012,13(12):4039-4048.
36. Lin YH,Yang YW,Chen YD,et al.The application of an optically switched dielectrophoretic (ODEP) force for the manipulation and assembly of cell-encapsulating alginate microbeads in a microfluidic perfusion cell culture system for bottom-up tissue engineering.Lab Chip,2012,12(6):1164-1173.
37. Park K,Hwang JY,Kim C,et al.Dedifferentiated chondrocyte culture using alginate microbead prepared from microfluidic technique.Tissue Eng Regen Med,2009,6(1):353-359.
38. Wang CC,Yang KC,Lin KH,et al.Cartilage regeneration in SCID mice using a highly organized three-dimensional alginate scaffold.Biomaterials,2012,33(1):120-127.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

CHONDROCYTE MICROENVIRONMENT AND APPLICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS IN CONSTRUCTING CHONDROCYTE MICROENVIRONMENT

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