- Key Laboratory of Chinese PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China;
Citation: WANGYongcheng, YUANXueling, WANGAiyuan, PENGJiang, LUShibi. TREATMENT STRATEGY OF OSTEOCHONDRAL DEFECTS OF KNEE JOINT. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(1): 113-118. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140025 Copy
1. | Upmeier H,Bruggenjurgen B,Weiler A,et al.Follow-up costs up to 5 years after conventional treatments in patients with cartilage lesions of the knee.Knee Surg Sports Traumatolo Arthrosc,2007,15(3):249-257. |
2. | Laupattarakasem W,Laopaiboon M,Laupattarakasem P,et al.Arthroscopic debridement for knee osteoarthritis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,(1):CD005118. |
3. | Moseley JB,O'Malley K,Petersen NJ,et al.A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee.N Engl J Med,2002,347(2):81-88. |
4. | Matsunaga D,Akizuki S,Takizawa T,et al.Repair of articular cartilage and clinical outcome after osteotomy with microfracture or abrasion arthroplasty for medial gonarthrosis.Knee,2007,14(6):465-471. |
5. | Kosy JD,Schranz PJ,Toms AD,et al.The use of radiofrequency energy for arthroscopic chondroplasty in the knee.Arthroscopy,2011,27(5):695-703. |
6. | Harris JD,Brophy RH,Siston RA,et al.Treatment of chondral defects in the athlete's knee.Arthroscopy,2010,26(6):841-852. |
7. | Spahn G,Kahl E,Mückley T,et al.Arthroscopic knee chondroplasty using a bipolar radiofrequency-based device compared to mechanical shaver:results of a prospective,randomized,controlled study.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2008,16(6):565-573. |
8. | Ollat D,Lebel B,Thaunat M,et al.Mosaic osteochondral transplantations in the knee joint,midterm results of the SFA multicenter study.Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2011,97(8 Suppl):S160-166. |
9. | Haene R,Qamirani E,Story RA,et al.Intermediate outcomes of fresh talar osteochondral allografts for treatment of large osteochondral lesions of the talus.J Bone Joint Surg (Am),2012,94(12):1105-1110. |
10. | Brittberg M,Lindahl A,Nilsson A,et al.Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation.N Engl J Med,1994,331(14):889-895. |
11. | Gobbi A,Kon E,Berruto M,et al.Patellofemoral full-thickness chondral defects treated with second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation:results at 5 years'follow-up.Am J Sports Med,2009,37(6):1083-1092. |
12. | McNickle AG,Provencher MT,Cole BJ.Overview of existing cartilage repair technology.Sports Med Arthrosc,2008,16(4):196-201. |
13. | Capito RM,Spector M.Scaffold-based articular cartilage repair.IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag,2003,22(5):42-50. |
14. | Lee SH,Shin H.Matrices and scaffolds for delivery of bioactive molecules in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.Adv Drug Deliv Rev,2007,59(4-5):339-359. |
15. | Mano JF,Reis RL.Osteochondral defects:present situation and tissue engineering approaches.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2007,1(4):261-273. |
16. | Getgood A,Brooks R,Fortier L,et al.Articular cartilage tissue engineering:today's research,tomorrow's practice? J Bone Joint Surg (Br),2009,91(5):565-576. |
17. | Martin I,Miot S,Barbero A,et al.Osteochondral tissue engineering.J Biomech,2007,40(4):750-765. |
18. | Im GI,Lee JH.Repair of osteochondral defects with adipose stem cells and a dual growth factor-releasing scaffold in rabbits.J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater,2010,92(2):552-560. |
19. | Jeong CG,Zhang H,Hollister SJ.Three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold-conjugated bone morphogenetic protein-2 promotes cartilage regeneration from primary chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo without accelerated endochondral ossification.J Biomed Mater Res A,2012,100(8):2088-2096. |
20. | Chu CR,Coutts RD,Yoshioka M,et al.Articular cartilage repair using allogeneic perichondrocyte-seeded biodegradable porous polylactic acid (PLA):a tissue-engineering study.J Biomed Mater Res,1995,29(9):1147-1154. |
21. | Khanarian NT,Haney NM,Burga RA,et al.A functional agarose-hydroxyapatite scaffold for osteochondral interface regeneration.Biomaterials,2012,33(21):5247-5258. |
22. | Malda J,Woodfield TB,van der Vloodt F,et al.The effect of PEGT/PBT scaffold architecture on the composition of tissue engineered cartilage.Biomaterials,2005,26(1):63-72. |
23. | Coburn JM,Gibson M,Monagle S,et al.Bioinspired nanofibers support chondrogenesis for articular cartilage repair.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2012,109(25):10012-10017. |
24. | Kanungo BP,Gibson LJ.Density-property relationships in mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds.Acta Biomater,2009,5(4):1006-1018. |
25. | Zhou J,Xu C,Wu G,et al.In vitro generation of osteochondral differentiation of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells in novel collagen-hydroxyapatite layered scaffolds.Acta Biomater,2011,7(11):3999-4006. |
26. | Oliveira JM,Rodrigues MT,Silva SS,et al.Novel hydroxyapatite/chitosan bilayered scaffold for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications:Scaffold design and its performance when seeded with goat bone marrow stromal cells.Biomaterials,2006,27(36):6123-6137. |
27. | Jiang J,Tang A,Ateshian GA,et al.Bioactive stratified polymer ceramic-hydrogel scaffold for integrative osteochondral repair.Ann Biomed Eng,2010,38(6):2183-2196. |
28. | Chen K,Shi P,Teh TK,et al.In vitro generation of a multilayered osteochondral construct with an osteochondral interface using rabbit bone marrow stromal cells and a silk peptide-based scaffold.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2013.[Epub ahead of print]. |
29. | Schek RM,Taboas JM,Segvich SJ,et al.Engineered osteochondral grafts using biphasic composite solid free-form fabricated scaffolds.Tissue Eng,2004,10(9-10):1376-1385. |
30. | Getgood AM,Kew SJ,Brooks R,et al.Evaluation of early-stage osteochondral defect repair using a biphasic scaffold based on a collagen-glycosaminoglycan biopolymer in a caprine model.Knee,2012,19(4):422-430. |
31. | Chen G,Sato T,Tanaka J,et al.Preparation of a biphasic scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering.Materials Science and Engineering:C,2006,26(1):118-123. |
32. | Deng T,Lv J,Pang J,et al.Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2012.[Epub ahead of print]. |
33. | Da H,Jia SJ,Meng GL,et al.The impact of compact layer in biphasic scaffold on osteochondral tissue engineering.PLoS One,2013,8(1):e54838. |
34. | Guo X,Liao J,Park H,et al.Effects of TGF-beta3 and preculture period of osteogenic cells on the chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a bilayered hydrogel composite.Acta Biomater,2010,6(8):2920-2931. |
35. | Holland TA,Bodde EW,Cuijpers VM,et al.Degradable hydrogel scaffolds for in vivo delivery of single and dual growth factors in cartilage repair.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage,2007,15(2):187-197. |
36. | Gelse K,Klinger P,Koch M,et al.Thrombospondin-1 prevents excessive ossification in cartilage repair tissue induced by osteogenic protein-1.Tissue Eng Part A,2011,17(15-16):2101-2112. |
37. | Marlovits S,Zeller P,Singer P,et al.Cartilage repair:generations of autologous chondrocyte transplantation.Eur J Radiol,2006,57(1):24-31. |
38. | Hsiong SX,Mooney DJ.Regeneration of vascularized bone.Periodontology 2000,2006,41:109-122. |
39. | Wang X,Wenk E,Zhang X,et al.Growth factor gradients via microsphere delivery in biopolymer scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering.J Control Release,2009,134(2):81-90. |
40. | Lu H,Lv L,Dai Y,et al.Porous chitosan scaffolds with embedded hyaluronic acid/chitosan/plasmid-DNA nanoparticles encoding TGF-beta1 induce DNA controlled release,transfected chondrocytes,and promoted cell proliferation.PLoS One,2013,8(7):e69950. |
41. | Reyes R,Delgado A,Sanchez E,et al.Repair of an osteochondral defect by sustained delivery of BMP-2 or TGFbeta1 from a bilayered alginate-PLGA scaffold.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2012.[Epub ahead of print]. |
42. | Connelly JT,Wilson CG,Levenston ME.Characterization of proteoglycan production and processing by chondrocytes and BMSCs in tissue engineered constructs.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2008,16(9):1092-1100. |
43. | Mauck RL,Yuan X,Tuan RS.Chondrogenic differentiation and functional maturation of bovine mesenchymal stem cells in long-term agarose culture.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2006,14(2):179-189. |
44. | Vinardell T,Thorpe SD,Buckley CT,et al.Chondrogenesis and integration of mesenchymal stem cells within an in vitro cartilage defect repair model.Ann Biomed Eng,2009,37(12):2556-2565. |
45. | Asawa Y,Ogasawara T,Takahashi T,et al.Aptitude of auricular and nasoseptal chondrocytes cultured under a monolayer or three-dimensional condition for cartilage tissue engineering.Tissue Eng Part A,2009,15(5):1109-1118. |
46. | Darling EM,Athanasiou KA.Rapid phenotypic changes in passaged articular chondrocyte subpopulations.J Orthop Res,2005,23(2):425-432. |
47. | Yonenaga K,Nishizawa S,Fujihara Y,et al.The optimal conditions of chondrocyte isolation and its seeding in the preparation for cartilage tissue engineering.Tissue Eng Part C Methods,2010,16(6):1461-1469. |
48. | Caplan AI.Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data:newinsight.J Pathol,2009,217(2):318-324. |
49. | Liu Y,Shu XZ,Prestwich GD.Osteochondral defect repair with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an injectable,in situ,cross-linked synthetic extracellular matrix.Tissue Eng,2006,12(12):3405-3416. |
50. | De Bari C,Dell'Accio F,Tylzanowski P,et al.Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane.Arthritis Rheum,2001,44(8):1928-1942. |
51. | Sampat SR,O'Connell GD,Fong JV,et al.Growth factor priming of synovium-derived stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering.Tissue Eng Part A,2011,17(17-18):2259-2265. |
52. | Gimble JM,Grayson W,Guilak F,et al.Adipose tissue as a stem cell source for musculoskeletal regeneration.Front Biosci (Schol Ed),2011,3:69-81. |
53. | Rodriguez LV,Alfonso Z,Zhang R,et al.Clonogenic multipotent stem cells in human adipose tissue differentiate into functional smooth muscle cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2006,103(32):12167-12172. |
54. | Gonzalez-Rey E,Gonzalez MA,Varela N,et al.Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammatory and T cell responses and induce regulatory T cells in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(1):241-248. |
55. | Malgieri A,Kantzari E,Patrizi MP,et al.Bone marrow and umbilical cord blood human mesenchymal stem cells:state of the art.Int J Clin Exp Med,2010,3(4):248-269. |
56. | Kögler G,Sensken S,Airey JA,et al.A new human somatic stem cell from placental cord blood with intrinsic pluripotent differentiation potential.J Exp Med,2004,200(2):123-135. |
57. | Gao J,Yao JQ,Caplan AI.Stem cells for tissue engineering of articular cartilage.Proc Inst Mech Eng H,2007,221(5):441-450. |
58. | Berg L,Koch T,Heerkens T,et al.Chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from equine bone marrow and umbilical cord blood.Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol,2009,22(5):363-370. |
59. | Elder BD,Athanasiou KA.Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering:from chondrocytes to tissue regeneration.Tissue Eng Part B Rev,2009,15(1):43-53. |
60. | Vunjak-Novakovic G,Meinel L,Altman G,et al.Bioreactor cultivation of osteochondral grafts.Orthod Craniofac Res,2005,8(3):209-218. |
61. | Lee DA,Noguchi T,Frean SP,et al.The influence of mechanical loading on isolated chondrocytes seeded in agarose constructs.Biorheology,2000,37(1-2):149-161. |
62. | Haasper C,Zeichen J,Meister R,et al.Tissue engineering of osteochondral constructs in vitro using bioreactors.Injury,2008,39 Suppl 1:S66-76. |
63. | Madry H,Kaul G,Zurakowski D,et al.Cartilage constructs engineered from chondrocytes overexpressing IGF-I improve the repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit model.Eur Cell Mater,2013,25:229-247. |
64. | Wagner DR,Lindsey DP,Li KW,et al.Hydrostatic pressure enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in osteochondrogenic medium.Ann Biomed Eng,2008,36(5):813-820. |
65. | Mahmoudifar N,Doran PM.Tissue engineering of human cartilage and osteochondral composites using recirculation bioreactors.Biomaterials,2005,26(34):7012-7024. |
66. | Lu HH,Subramony SD,Boushell MK,et al.Tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of orthopedic interfaces.Ann Biomed Eng,2010,38(6):2142-2154. |
67. | Moffat KL,Wang IN,Rodeo SA,et al.Orthopedic interface tissue engineering for the biological fixation of soft tissue grafts.Clin Sports Med,2009,28(1):157-176. |
68. | Efe T,Fuglein A,Heyse TJ,et al.Fibrin glue does not improve the fixation of press-fitted cell-free collagen gel plugs in an ex vivo cartilage repair model.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2012,20(2):210-215. |
69. | Bekkers JE,Tsuchida AI,Malda J,et al.Quality of scaffold fixation in a human cadaver knee model.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2010,18(2):266-272. |
70. | Zelle S,Zantop T,Schanz S,et al.Arthroscopic techniques for the fixation of a three-dimensional scaffold for autologous chondrocyte transplantation:structural properties in an in vitro model.Arthroscopy,2007,23(10):1073-1078. |
- 1. Upmeier H,Bruggenjurgen B,Weiler A,et al.Follow-up costs up to 5 years after conventional treatments in patients with cartilage lesions of the knee.Knee Surg Sports Traumatolo Arthrosc,2007,15(3):249-257.
- 2. Laupattarakasem W,Laopaiboon M,Laupattarakasem P,et al.Arthroscopic debridement for knee osteoarthritis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,(1):CD005118.
- 3. Moseley JB,O'Malley K,Petersen NJ,et al.A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee.N Engl J Med,2002,347(2):81-88.
- 4. Matsunaga D,Akizuki S,Takizawa T,et al.Repair of articular cartilage and clinical outcome after osteotomy with microfracture or abrasion arthroplasty for medial gonarthrosis.Knee,2007,14(6):465-471.
- 5. Kosy JD,Schranz PJ,Toms AD,et al.The use of radiofrequency energy for arthroscopic chondroplasty in the knee.Arthroscopy,2011,27(5):695-703.
- 6. Harris JD,Brophy RH,Siston RA,et al.Treatment of chondral defects in the athlete's knee.Arthroscopy,2010,26(6):841-852.
- 7. Spahn G,Kahl E,Mückley T,et al.Arthroscopic knee chondroplasty using a bipolar radiofrequency-based device compared to mechanical shaver:results of a prospective,randomized,controlled study.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2008,16(6):565-573.
- 8. Ollat D,Lebel B,Thaunat M,et al.Mosaic osteochondral transplantations in the knee joint,midterm results of the SFA multicenter study.Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2011,97(8 Suppl):S160-166.
- 9. Haene R,Qamirani E,Story RA,et al.Intermediate outcomes of fresh talar osteochondral allografts for treatment of large osteochondral lesions of the talus.J Bone Joint Surg (Am),2012,94(12):1105-1110.
- 10. Brittberg M,Lindahl A,Nilsson A,et al.Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation.N Engl J Med,1994,331(14):889-895.
- 11. Gobbi A,Kon E,Berruto M,et al.Patellofemoral full-thickness chondral defects treated with second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation:results at 5 years'follow-up.Am J Sports Med,2009,37(6):1083-1092.
- 12. McNickle AG,Provencher MT,Cole BJ.Overview of existing cartilage repair technology.Sports Med Arthrosc,2008,16(4):196-201.
- 13. Capito RM,Spector M.Scaffold-based articular cartilage repair.IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag,2003,22(5):42-50.
- 14. Lee SH,Shin H.Matrices and scaffolds for delivery of bioactive molecules in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.Adv Drug Deliv Rev,2007,59(4-5):339-359.
- 15. Mano JF,Reis RL.Osteochondral defects:present situation and tissue engineering approaches.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2007,1(4):261-273.
- 16. Getgood A,Brooks R,Fortier L,et al.Articular cartilage tissue engineering:today's research,tomorrow's practice? J Bone Joint Surg (Br),2009,91(5):565-576.
- 17. Martin I,Miot S,Barbero A,et al.Osteochondral tissue engineering.J Biomech,2007,40(4):750-765.
- 18. Im GI,Lee JH.Repair of osteochondral defects with adipose stem cells and a dual growth factor-releasing scaffold in rabbits.J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater,2010,92(2):552-560.
- 19. Jeong CG,Zhang H,Hollister SJ.Three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold-conjugated bone morphogenetic protein-2 promotes cartilage regeneration from primary chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo without accelerated endochondral ossification.J Biomed Mater Res A,2012,100(8):2088-2096.
- 20. Chu CR,Coutts RD,Yoshioka M,et al.Articular cartilage repair using allogeneic perichondrocyte-seeded biodegradable porous polylactic acid (PLA):a tissue-engineering study.J Biomed Mater Res,1995,29(9):1147-1154.
- 21. Khanarian NT,Haney NM,Burga RA,et al.A functional agarose-hydroxyapatite scaffold for osteochondral interface regeneration.Biomaterials,2012,33(21):5247-5258.
- 22. Malda J,Woodfield TB,van der Vloodt F,et al.The effect of PEGT/PBT scaffold architecture on the composition of tissue engineered cartilage.Biomaterials,2005,26(1):63-72.
- 23. Coburn JM,Gibson M,Monagle S,et al.Bioinspired nanofibers support chondrogenesis for articular cartilage repair.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2012,109(25):10012-10017.
- 24. Kanungo BP,Gibson LJ.Density-property relationships in mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds.Acta Biomater,2009,5(4):1006-1018.
- 25. Zhou J,Xu C,Wu G,et al.In vitro generation of osteochondral differentiation of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells in novel collagen-hydroxyapatite layered scaffolds.Acta Biomater,2011,7(11):3999-4006.
- 26. Oliveira JM,Rodrigues MT,Silva SS,et al.Novel hydroxyapatite/chitosan bilayered scaffold for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications:Scaffold design and its performance when seeded with goat bone marrow stromal cells.Biomaterials,2006,27(36):6123-6137.
- 27. Jiang J,Tang A,Ateshian GA,et al.Bioactive stratified polymer ceramic-hydrogel scaffold for integrative osteochondral repair.Ann Biomed Eng,2010,38(6):2183-2196.
- 28. Chen K,Shi P,Teh TK,et al.In vitro generation of a multilayered osteochondral construct with an osteochondral interface using rabbit bone marrow stromal cells and a silk peptide-based scaffold.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2013.[Epub ahead of print].
- 29. Schek RM,Taboas JM,Segvich SJ,et al.Engineered osteochondral grafts using biphasic composite solid free-form fabricated scaffolds.Tissue Eng,2004,10(9-10):1376-1385.
- 30. Getgood AM,Kew SJ,Brooks R,et al.Evaluation of early-stage osteochondral defect repair using a biphasic scaffold based on a collagen-glycosaminoglycan biopolymer in a caprine model.Knee,2012,19(4):422-430.
- 31. Chen G,Sato T,Tanaka J,et al.Preparation of a biphasic scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering.Materials Science and Engineering:C,2006,26(1):118-123.
- 32. Deng T,Lv J,Pang J,et al.Construction of tissue-engineered osteochondral composites and repair of large joint defects in rabbit.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2012.[Epub ahead of print].
- 33. Da H,Jia SJ,Meng GL,et al.The impact of compact layer in biphasic scaffold on osteochondral tissue engineering.PLoS One,2013,8(1):e54838.
- 34. Guo X,Liao J,Park H,et al.Effects of TGF-beta3 and preculture period of osteogenic cells on the chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a bilayered hydrogel composite.Acta Biomater,2010,6(8):2920-2931.
- 35. Holland TA,Bodde EW,Cuijpers VM,et al.Degradable hydrogel scaffolds for in vivo delivery of single and dual growth factors in cartilage repair.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage,2007,15(2):187-197.
- 36. Gelse K,Klinger P,Koch M,et al.Thrombospondin-1 prevents excessive ossification in cartilage repair tissue induced by osteogenic protein-1.Tissue Eng Part A,2011,17(15-16):2101-2112.
- 37. Marlovits S,Zeller P,Singer P,et al.Cartilage repair:generations of autologous chondrocyte transplantation.Eur J Radiol,2006,57(1):24-31.
- 38. Hsiong SX,Mooney DJ.Regeneration of vascularized bone.Periodontology 2000,2006,41:109-122.
- 39. Wang X,Wenk E,Zhang X,et al.Growth factor gradients via microsphere delivery in biopolymer scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering.J Control Release,2009,134(2):81-90.
- 40. Lu H,Lv L,Dai Y,et al.Porous chitosan scaffolds with embedded hyaluronic acid/chitosan/plasmid-DNA nanoparticles encoding TGF-beta1 induce DNA controlled release,transfected chondrocytes,and promoted cell proliferation.PLoS One,2013,8(7):e69950.
- 41. Reyes R,Delgado A,Sanchez E,et al.Repair of an osteochondral defect by sustained delivery of BMP-2 or TGFbeta1 from a bilayered alginate-PLGA scaffold.J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2012.[Epub ahead of print].
- 42. Connelly JT,Wilson CG,Levenston ME.Characterization of proteoglycan production and processing by chondrocytes and BMSCs in tissue engineered constructs.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2008,16(9):1092-1100.
- 43. Mauck RL,Yuan X,Tuan RS.Chondrogenic differentiation and functional maturation of bovine mesenchymal stem cells in long-term agarose culture.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2006,14(2):179-189.
- 44. Vinardell T,Thorpe SD,Buckley CT,et al.Chondrogenesis and integration of mesenchymal stem cells within an in vitro cartilage defect repair model.Ann Biomed Eng,2009,37(12):2556-2565.
- 45. Asawa Y,Ogasawara T,Takahashi T,et al.Aptitude of auricular and nasoseptal chondrocytes cultured under a monolayer or three-dimensional condition for cartilage tissue engineering.Tissue Eng Part A,2009,15(5):1109-1118.
- 46. Darling EM,Athanasiou KA.Rapid phenotypic changes in passaged articular chondrocyte subpopulations.J Orthop Res,2005,23(2):425-432.
- 47. Yonenaga K,Nishizawa S,Fujihara Y,et al.The optimal conditions of chondrocyte isolation and its seeding in the preparation for cartilage tissue engineering.Tissue Eng Part C Methods,2010,16(6):1461-1469.
- 48. Caplan AI.Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data:newinsight.J Pathol,2009,217(2):318-324.
- 49. Liu Y,Shu XZ,Prestwich GD.Osteochondral defect repair with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an injectable,in situ,cross-linked synthetic extracellular matrix.Tissue Eng,2006,12(12):3405-3416.
- 50. De Bari C,Dell'Accio F,Tylzanowski P,et al.Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane.Arthritis Rheum,2001,44(8):1928-1942.
- 51. Sampat SR,O'Connell GD,Fong JV,et al.Growth factor priming of synovium-derived stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering.Tissue Eng Part A,2011,17(17-18):2259-2265.
- 52. Gimble JM,Grayson W,Guilak F,et al.Adipose tissue as a stem cell source for musculoskeletal regeneration.Front Biosci (Schol Ed),2011,3:69-81.
- 53. Rodriguez LV,Alfonso Z,Zhang R,et al.Clonogenic multipotent stem cells in human adipose tissue differentiate into functional smooth muscle cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2006,103(32):12167-12172.
- 54. Gonzalez-Rey E,Gonzalez MA,Varela N,et al.Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammatory and T cell responses and induce regulatory T cells in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(1):241-248.
- 55. Malgieri A,Kantzari E,Patrizi MP,et al.Bone marrow and umbilical cord blood human mesenchymal stem cells:state of the art.Int J Clin Exp Med,2010,3(4):248-269.
- 56. Kögler G,Sensken S,Airey JA,et al.A new human somatic stem cell from placental cord blood with intrinsic pluripotent differentiation potential.J Exp Med,2004,200(2):123-135.
- 57. Gao J,Yao JQ,Caplan AI.Stem cells for tissue engineering of articular cartilage.Proc Inst Mech Eng H,2007,221(5):441-450.
- 58. Berg L,Koch T,Heerkens T,et al.Chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from equine bone marrow and umbilical cord blood.Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol,2009,22(5):363-370.
- 59. Elder BD,Athanasiou KA.Hydrostatic pressure in articular cartilage tissue engineering:from chondrocytes to tissue regeneration.Tissue Eng Part B Rev,2009,15(1):43-53.
- 60. Vunjak-Novakovic G,Meinel L,Altman G,et al.Bioreactor cultivation of osteochondral grafts.Orthod Craniofac Res,2005,8(3):209-218.
- 61. Lee DA,Noguchi T,Frean SP,et al.The influence of mechanical loading on isolated chondrocytes seeded in agarose constructs.Biorheology,2000,37(1-2):149-161.
- 62. Haasper C,Zeichen J,Meister R,et al.Tissue engineering of osteochondral constructs in vitro using bioreactors.Injury,2008,39 Suppl 1:S66-76.
- 63. Madry H,Kaul G,Zurakowski D,et al.Cartilage constructs engineered from chondrocytes overexpressing IGF-I improve the repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit model.Eur Cell Mater,2013,25:229-247.
- 64. Wagner DR,Lindsey DP,Li KW,et al.Hydrostatic pressure enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in osteochondrogenic medium.Ann Biomed Eng,2008,36(5):813-820.
- 65. Mahmoudifar N,Doran PM.Tissue engineering of human cartilage and osteochondral composites using recirculation bioreactors.Biomaterials,2005,26(34):7012-7024.
- 66. Lu HH,Subramony SD,Boushell MK,et al.Tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of orthopedic interfaces.Ann Biomed Eng,2010,38(6):2142-2154.
- 67. Moffat KL,Wang IN,Rodeo SA,et al.Orthopedic interface tissue engineering for the biological fixation of soft tissue grafts.Clin Sports Med,2009,28(1):157-176.
- 68. Efe T,Fuglein A,Heyse TJ,et al.Fibrin glue does not improve the fixation of press-fitted cell-free collagen gel plugs in an ex vivo cartilage repair model.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc,2012,20(2):210-215.
- 69. Bekkers JE,Tsuchida AI,Malda J,et al.Quality of scaffold fixation in a human cadaver knee model.Osteoarthritis Cartilage,2010,18(2):266-272.
- 70. Zelle S,Zantop T,Schanz S,et al.Arthroscopic techniques for the fixation of a three-dimensional scaffold for autologous chondrocyte transplantation:structural properties in an in vitro model.Arthroscopy,2007,23(10):1073-1078.