EVALUATION OF TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

CHENGJiwei ^1,2 , WANGHongwei ¹ , ZHENGWenjie ¹ , LIChangqing ¹ ,  ZHOUYue ¹

1. Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China;
2. Department of Orthopaedics, the 113 th Hospital of Chinese PLA;

Corresponding author：

ZHOUYue, Email: happyzhou@vip.163.com

Keywords：

Chronic low back pain; Effectiveness evaluation; Application status

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.20140026

Video：

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Objective To review the present clinical evaluation of treatment for chronic low back pain. Methods The literature on the effectiveness evaluation method of chronic low back pain was reviewed and summarized. Results Many scoring systems are used to assess the treatment for chronic low back pain through the evaluation of pain and functional disability. The function evaluations are divided into general and disease-specific evaluations. Currently the most widely used evaluation systems are as follows: short-form 36 health survey scale (SF-36), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RDQ), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) low back pain scoring system, Quebec back pain disability scale (QBPDS), and Macnab criteria. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) are usually used to evaluate the pain degree. Conclusion There are many effectiveness evaluation methods of chronic low back pain, but there is still a lack of more comprehensive, concise, and practical evaluation method. Further studies are required to develop it.

Citation： CHENGJiwei, WANGHongwei, ZHENGWenjie, LIChangqing, ZHOUYue. EVALUATION OF TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2014, 28(1): 119-122. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.20140026 Copy

1.	陈凯.曲马多对复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者SF-36问卷评分影响.中国民康医学,2010,22(10):1221,1279.
2.	Fujita T,Ohue M,Nakajima M,et al.Comparison of the effects of elcatonin and risedronate on back and knee pain by electroalgometry using fall of skin impedance and quality of life assessment using SF-36.J Bone Miner Metab,2011,29(5):588-597.
3.	Ware JE Jr,Sherbourne CD.The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36).I.Conceptual framework and item selection.Med Care,1992,30(6):473-483.
4.	Johnsen LG,Hellum C,Nygaard OP,et al.Comparison of the SF6D,the EQ5D,and the oswestry disability index in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc disease.BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2013,14:148.
5.	Mansourian M,Mahdiyeh Z,Park JJ,et al.Skew-symmetric random effect models with application to a preventive cohort study:Improving outcomes in low back pain patients.Int J Prev Med,2013,4(3):279-285.
6.	Monticone M,Baiardi P,Vanti C,et al.Responsiveness of the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in Italian subjects with sub-acute and chronic low back pain.Eur Spine J,2012,21(1):122-129.
7.	Fairbank JC,Pynsent PB.The Oswestry Disability Index.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2000,25(22):2940-2952.
8.	Fritz J M,Irrgang JJ.A comparison of a modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale.Phys Ther,2001,81(2):776-788.
9.	郑光新,赵晓鸥,刘广林,等.Oswestry功能障碍指数评定腰痛患者的可信性.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2002,12(1):13-15.
10.	许斌,王与荣,赵建宁,等.ODI在腰椎间盘突出症手术疗效评价中的应用.颈腰痛杂志,2004,25(1):31-34.
11.	Sánchez-Zuriaga D,López-Pascual J,Garrido-Jaén D,et al.Reliability and validity of a new objective tool for low back pain functional assessment.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2011,36(16):1279-1288.
12.	Grönblad M,Hupli M,Wennerstrand P,et al.Intercorrelation and test-retest reliability of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with pain intensity in low back pain patients.Clin J Pain,1993,9(3):189-195.
13.	Jacobs WC,van der Gaag NA,Kruyt MC,et al.Total disc replacement for chronic discogenic low back pain:a cochrane review.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2013,38(1):24-36.
14.	Yu Y,Liu W,Song D,et al.Diagnosis of discogenic low back pain in patients with probable symptoms but negative discography.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2012,132(5):627-632.
15.	Roland M,Fairbank J.The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2000,25(24):3115-3124.
16.	Roland M.Back Pain:New Approaches to Rehabilitation and Education.Manchester:Manchester University Press,1989:174-186.
17.	Roland M,Morris R.A study of the natural history of back pain.Part I:development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1983,8(2):141-144.
18.	姜宏.日本腰痛评定新标准介绍.中医正骨,1998,10(3):60.
19.	Laguerre D,Wavasseur T,Vital JM,et al.A disabling cervical compressive myelopathy with normal JOA score.Clin Neurol Neurosurg,2013,115(7):1147-1149.
20.	Azimi P,Mohammadi HR,Montazeri A.An outcome measure of functionality and pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation:a validation study of the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score.J Orthop Sci,2012,17(4):341-345.
21.	徐卫国,陈圣华,鲁光钱,等.三维牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及JOA对其预测价值.实用医学杂志,2008,24(21):3679-3680.
22.	Fukui M,Chiba K,Kawakami M,et al.JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ)/JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ).The report on the development of revised versions.April 16,2007.The Subcommittee of the Clinical Outcome Committee of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association on Low Back Pain and Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation.J Orthop Sci,2009,14(3):348-365.
23.	Kopec JA,Esdaile JM,Abrahamowicz M,et al.The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale.Measurement properties.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1995,20(3):341-352.
24.	Müller U,Röder C,Greenough CG.Back related outcome assessment instruments.Eur Spine J,2006,15 Suppl 1:S25-31.
25.	Ahsan K,Najmus-Sakeb,Hossain A,et al.Discectomy for primary and recurrent prolapse of lumbar intervertebral discs.J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong),2012,20(1):7-10.
26.	Lee SH,Kang HS.Percutaneous endoscopic laser annuloplasty for discogenic low back pain.World Neurosurg,2010,73(3):198-206.
27.	Daltroy LH,Cats-Baril WL,Katz JN,et al.The North American spine society lumbar spine outcome assessment instrument:reliability and validity tests.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1996,21(6):741-749.
28.	Greenough CG,Fraser RD.Assessment of outcome in patients with low-back pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1992,17(1):36-41.
29.	Manniche C,Asmussen K,Lauritsen B,et al.Low Back Pain Rating scale:validation of a tool for assessment of low back pain.Pain,1994,57(3):317-326.
30.	Ruta DA,Garratt AM,Wardlaw D,et al.Developing a valid and reliable measure of health outcome for patients with low back pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1994,19(17):1887-1896.
31.	Williams RM,Myers AM.A new approach to measuring recovery in injured workers with acute low back pain:Resumption of Activities of Daily Living Scale.Phys Ther,1998,78(6):613-623.
32.	Feise RJ,Michael Menke J.Functional rating index:a new valid and reliable instrument to measure the magnitude of clinical change in spinal conditions.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2001,26(1):78-87.
33.	胡有谷.腰椎间盘突出症.北京:人民卫生出版社,1985:283-284.
34.	Spengler DM,Ouellette EA,Battié M,et al.Elective discectomy for herniation of a lumbar disc.Additional experience with an objective method.J Bone Joint Surg (Am),1990,72(2):230-237.
35.	Spengler DM,Freeman CW.Patient selection for lumbar discectomy.An objective approach.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1979,4(2):129-134.
36.	张余,刘景发,夏虹,等.腰椎间盘突出症的综合评分法.广东医学,1999,20(4):278-279.
37.	杨占辉,孙建华,丁浩.腰椎间盘突出症的评分法疗效评定标准.颈腰痛杂志,1999,20(1):20-21.
38.	张岩,王欢,段景柱,等.自制腰椎间盘突出症评估系统对外科治疗患者术前病情程度及术后功能恢复的预测.中国临床康复,2005,9(30):1-3.
39.	庄子齐,王敦建.症状体征量化评分法评价腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.辽宁中医杂志,2005,32(12):1225-1226.
40.	Huskisson EC.Measurement of pain.Lancet,1974,2(7889):1127-1131.
41.	ten Klooster PM,Vlaar AP,Taal E,et al.The validity and reliability of the graphic rating scale and verbal rating scale for measuring pain across cultures:a study in Egyptian and Dutch women with rheumatoid arthritis.Clin J Pain,2006,22(9):827-830.
42.	Phan NQ,Blome C,Fritz F,et al.Assessment of pruritus intensity:prospective study on validity and reliability of the visual analogue scale,numerical rating scale and verbal rating scale in 471 patients with chronic pruritus.Acta Derm Venereol,2012,92(5):502-507.
43.	Joos E,Peretz A,Beguin S,et al.Reliability and reproducibility of visual analogue scale and numeric rating scale for therapeutic evaluation of pain in rheumatic patients.J Rheumatol,1991,18(8):1269-1270.
44.	Young IA,Cleland JA,Michener LA,et al.Reliability,construct validity,and responsiveness of the neck disability index,patient-specific functional scale,and numeric pain rating scale in patients with cervical radiculopathy.Am J Phys Med Rehabil,2010,89(10):831-839.
45.	Jensen MP,McFarland CA.Increasing the reliability and validity of pain intensity measurement in chronic pain patients.Pain,1993,55(2):195-203.

1. 陈凯.曲马多对复发性腰椎间盘突出症患者SF-36问卷评分影响.中国民康医学,2010,22(10):1221,1279.
2. Fujita T,Ohue M,Nakajima M,et al.Comparison of the effects of elcatonin and risedronate on back and knee pain by electroalgometry using fall of skin impedance and quality of life assessment using SF-36.J Bone Miner Metab,2011,29(5):588-597.
3. Ware JE Jr,Sherbourne CD.The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36).I.Conceptual framework and item selection.Med Care,1992,30(6):473-483.
4. Johnsen LG,Hellum C,Nygaard OP,et al.Comparison of the SF6D,the EQ5D,and the oswestry disability index in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc disease.BMC Musculoskelet Disord,2013,14:148.
5. Mansourian M,Mahdiyeh Z,Park JJ,et al.Skew-symmetric random effect models with application to a preventive cohort study:Improving outcomes in low back pain patients.Int J Prev Med,2013,4(3):279-285.
6. Monticone M,Baiardi P,Vanti C,et al.Responsiveness of the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in Italian subjects with sub-acute and chronic low back pain.Eur Spine J,2012,21(1):122-129.
7. Fairbank JC,Pynsent PB.The Oswestry Disability Index.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2000,25(22):2940-2952.
8. Fritz J M,Irrgang JJ.A comparison of a modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale.Phys Ther,2001,81(2):776-788.
9. 郑光新,赵晓鸥,刘广林,等.Oswestry功能障碍指数评定腰痛患者的可信性.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2002,12(1):13-15.
10. 许斌,王与荣,赵建宁,等.ODI在腰椎间盘突出症手术疗效评价中的应用.颈腰痛杂志,2004,25(1):31-34.
11. Sánchez-Zuriaga D,López-Pascual J,Garrido-Jaén D,et al.Reliability and validity of a new objective tool for low back pain functional assessment.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2011,36(16):1279-1288.
12. Grönblad M,Hupli M,Wennerstrand P,et al.Intercorrelation and test-retest reliability of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with pain intensity in low back pain patients.Clin J Pain,1993,9(3):189-195.
13. Jacobs WC,van der Gaag NA,Kruyt MC,et al.Total disc replacement for chronic discogenic low back pain:a cochrane review.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2013,38(1):24-36.
14. Yu Y,Liu W,Song D,et al.Diagnosis of discogenic low back pain in patients with probable symptoms but negative discography.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2012,132(5):627-632.
15. Roland M,Fairbank J.The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2000,25(24):3115-3124.
16. Roland M.Back Pain:New Approaches to Rehabilitation and Education.Manchester:Manchester University Press,1989:174-186.
17. Roland M,Morris R.A study of the natural history of back pain.Part I:development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1983,8(2):141-144.
18. 姜宏.日本腰痛评定新标准介绍.中医正骨,1998,10(3):60.
19. Laguerre D,Wavasseur T,Vital JM,et al.A disabling cervical compressive myelopathy with normal JOA score.Clin Neurol Neurosurg,2013,115(7):1147-1149.
20. Azimi P,Mohammadi HR,Montazeri A.An outcome measure of functionality and pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation:a validation study of the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score.J Orthop Sci,2012,17(4):341-345.
21. 徐卫国,陈圣华,鲁光钱,等.三维牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及JOA对其预测价值.实用医学杂志,2008,24(21):3679-3680.
22. Fukui M,Chiba K,Kawakami M,et al.JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ)/JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ).The report on the development of revised versions.April 16,2007.The Subcommittee of the Clinical Outcome Committee of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association on Low Back Pain and Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation.J Orthop Sci,2009,14(3):348-365.
23. Kopec JA,Esdaile JM,Abrahamowicz M,et al.The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale.Measurement properties.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1995,20(3):341-352.
24. Müller U,Röder C,Greenough CG.Back related outcome assessment instruments.Eur Spine J,2006,15 Suppl 1:S25-31.
25. Ahsan K,Najmus-Sakeb,Hossain A,et al.Discectomy for primary and recurrent prolapse of lumbar intervertebral discs.J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong),2012,20(1):7-10.
26. Lee SH,Kang HS.Percutaneous endoscopic laser annuloplasty for discogenic low back pain.World Neurosurg,2010,73(3):198-206.
27. Daltroy LH,Cats-Baril WL,Katz JN,et al.The North American spine society lumbar spine outcome assessment instrument:reliability and validity tests.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1996,21(6):741-749.
28. Greenough CG,Fraser RD.Assessment of outcome in patients with low-back pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1992,17(1):36-41.
29. Manniche C,Asmussen K,Lauritsen B,et al.Low Back Pain Rating scale:validation of a tool for assessment of low back pain.Pain,1994,57(3):317-326.
30. Ruta DA,Garratt AM,Wardlaw D,et al.Developing a valid and reliable measure of health outcome for patients with low back pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1994,19(17):1887-1896.
31. Williams RM,Myers AM.A new approach to measuring recovery in injured workers with acute low back pain:Resumption of Activities of Daily Living Scale.Phys Ther,1998,78(6):613-623.
32. Feise RJ,Michael Menke J.Functional rating index:a new valid and reliable instrument to measure the magnitude of clinical change in spinal conditions.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2001,26(1):78-87.
33. 胡有谷.腰椎间盘突出症.北京:人民卫生出版社,1985:283-284.
34. Spengler DM,Ouellette EA,Battié M,et al.Elective discectomy for herniation of a lumbar disc.Additional experience with an objective method.J Bone Joint Surg (Am),1990,72(2):230-237.
35. Spengler DM,Freeman CW.Patient selection for lumbar discectomy.An objective approach.Spine (Phila Pa 1976),1979,4(2):129-134.
36. 张余,刘景发,夏虹,等.腰椎间盘突出症的综合评分法.广东医学,1999,20(4):278-279.
37. 杨占辉,孙建华,丁浩.腰椎间盘突出症的评分法疗效评定标准.颈腰痛杂志,1999,20(1):20-21.
38. 张岩,王欢,段景柱,等.自制腰椎间盘突出症评估系统对外科治疗患者术前病情程度及术后功能恢复的预测.中国临床康复,2005,9(30):1-3.
39. 庄子齐,王敦建.症状体征量化评分法评价腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.辽宁中医杂志,2005,32(12):1225-1226.
40. Huskisson EC.Measurement of pain.Lancet,1974,2(7889):1127-1131.
41. ten Klooster PM,Vlaar AP,Taal E,et al.The validity and reliability of the graphic rating scale and verbal rating scale for measuring pain across cultures:a study in Egyptian and Dutch women with rheumatoid arthritis.Clin J Pain,2006,22(9):827-830.
42. Phan NQ,Blome C,Fritz F,et al.Assessment of pruritus intensity:prospective study on validity and reliability of the visual analogue scale,numerical rating scale and verbal rating scale in 471 patients with chronic pruritus.Acta Derm Venereol,2012,92(5):502-507.
43. Joos E,Peretz A,Beguin S,et al.Reliability and reproducibility of visual analogue scale and numeric rating scale for therapeutic evaluation of pain in rheumatic patients.J Rheumatol,1991,18(8):1269-1270.
44. Young IA,Cleland JA,Michener LA,et al.Reliability,construct validity,and responsiveness of the neck disability index,patient-specific functional scale,and numeric pain rating scale in patients with cervical radiculopathy.Am J Phys Med Rehabil,2010,89(10):831-839.
45. Jensen MP,McFarland CA.Increasing the reliability and validity of pain intensity measurement in chronic pain patients.Pain,1993,55(2):195-203.

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EVALUATION OF TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

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