Advances in Preoperative Localization of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules for Video-assisted Thracoscopic Surgery_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

YANGNan , LIUCan-hui , QIANGYong ,  LIZhong-dong

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIZhong-dong, Email: 13057585578@126.com

Keywords：

Solitary pulmonary nodule; Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; Localization

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.20150176

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Recently, the frequency of lung disease appears higher and more precise than previously estimated. Small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are frequently detected on high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans. For the reason of high rate of false positives by fine needle aspirate biopsy, small lung nodules often can not be confirmed by monitor or palpation with forceps. How to precisely locate and mark the nodule before the surgery is one of the most important things for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We reviews the methods of location the pulmonary nodules before the surgery and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods.

Citation： YANGNan, LIUCan-hui, QIANGYong, LIZhong-dong. Advances in Preoperative Localization of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules for Video-assisted Thracoscopic Surgery. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2015, 22(7): 696-699. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20150176 Copy

1.	童向东, 许世广, 王述民, 等. 达芬奇机器人治疗肺孤立结节的临床体会. 中国肺癌杂志, 2014, 17(7):541-544.
2.	Wahidi MM, Govert JA, Goudar RK, et al. Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules:when is it lung cancer? ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest, 2007, 132(3 Suppl):94s-107s.
3.	Gomez-Saez N, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Vilar J, et al. Prevalence and variables associated with solitary pulmonary nodules in a routine clinic-based population:a cross-sectional study. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(9):2174-2182.
4.	Shi CZ, Zhao Q, Luo LP, et al. Size of solitary pulmonary nodule was the risk factor of malignancy. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(6):668-676.
5.	严四军, 曹祥, 邓波荣, 等. 恶性肺小结节的危险因素分析及预测模型的建立. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2013, 20(4):441-445.
6.	马林, 刘伦旭, 蒲强, 等. 电视胸腔镜手术中缝线定位法在肺部非浅表小结节活检和切除术中的应用. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2013, 20(6):735-737.
7.	刘明, 姜格宁. 孤立性肺结节的良恶性鉴别及处理策略. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2014, 21(1):102-106.
8.	奚小祥, 吕必宏, 何光明, 等.孤立性肺结节早期诊治的临床策略. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2014, 21(6):793-799.
9.	Murrmann GB, van Vollenhoven FH, Moodley L. Approach to a solid solitary pulmonary nodule in two different settings-"Common is common, rare is rare". J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(3):237-248.
10.	Choi SM, Heo EY, Lee J, et al. Characteristics of benign solitary pulmonary nodules confirmed by diagnostic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Clin Respir J, 2014, 10.1111.
11.	朱瑞. 电视胸腔镜与传统开胸手术对患者机体创伤的比较. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2009, 05(16):357-361.
12.	Yang B, Zhao F, Zong Z, et al. Preferences for treatment of lobectomy in Chinese lung cancer patients:video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy? Patient Prefer Adherence, 2014, 7(8):1393-1397.
13.	韩孔启. 电视胸腔镜辅助小切口在肺癌手术中的应用效果. 中国实用医刊, 2014, 20(5):117-118.
14.	Yang C, Zhao D, Zhou X, et al. A comparative study of videoassisted thoracoscopic resection vs thoracotomy for neurogenic tumours arising at the thoracic apex. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(1):35-39.
15.	梁冰. 电视胸腔镜手术在孤立性肺结节诊断和治疗中的应用价值. 中国现代药物应用, 2014, 1(8):103-104.
16.	于春英. CT三维重建成像对孤立性肺结节形态特征的显示及良恶性的诊断价值研究. 河北医学, 2013, 12(19):1783-1785.
17.	范国华. 孤立性肺结节三维重建成像的CT研究. 临床放射学杂志, 2002, 1(21):33-37.
18.	董科, 陈献国, 唐志苗, 等. 螺旋CT三维成像技术对孤立性肺结节的应用价值. 医学影像学杂志, 2006, 7(16):708-710.
19.	Chen W, Chen L, Qiang G, et al. Using an image-guided navigation system for localization of small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic surgery:a feasibility study. Surg Endosc, 2007, 21(10):1883-1886.
20.	Reinbacher KE, Pau M, Wallner J, et al. Minimal invasive biopsy of intraconal expansion by PET/CT/MRI image-guided navigation:A new method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(7):1184-1189.
21.	Chen W, Chen L, Yang S, et al. A novel technique for localization of small pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2007, 131(5):1526-1531.
22.	史华莉. CT三维重建技术对肺内孤立性结节的诊断价值. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2014, 05:922-926.
23.	Eberhardt R, Ernst A, Herth FJ. Ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules less than 20 mm. Eur Respir J, 2009, 34(6):1284-1287.
24.	Piolanti M, Coppola F, Papa S, et al. Ultrasonographic localization of occult pulmonary nodules during video-assisted thoracic surgery. Eur Rradiol, 2003, 13(10):2358-2364.
25.	Kondo R, Yoshida K, Hamanaka K, et al. Intraoperative ultrasonographic localization of pulmonary ground-glass opacities. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 138(4):837-842.
26.	王维. 全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术中超声定位的应用. 昆明医科大学学报, 2013, 34(11):33-36.
27.	洪斌, 沈学远, 陈江勇. 联合亚甲蓝和99m^Tc-硫胶体核素示踪法在早期非小细胞肺癌前哨淋巴结定位中的应用. 南方医科大学学报, 2014, 34(7):1053-1056.
28.	Jin KN, Lee KW, Kim TJ, et al. Computed tomography guided percutaneous injection of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue in rabbit lungs:evaluation of localization ability for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Korean Med Sci, 2014, 29(1):129-136.
29.	Shentu Y, Zhang L, Gu H, et al. A new technique combining virtual simulation and methylene blue staining for the localization of small peripheral pulmonary lesions. BMC cancer, 2014, 14(2):79.
30.	Lee NK, Park CM, Kang CH, et al. CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic localization of pulmonary nodules prior to videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery using barium suspension. Korean J Radiol, 2012, 13(6):694-701.
31.	Nomori H, Horio H. Colored collagen is a long-lasting point marker for small pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic operations. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 61(4):1070-1073.
32.	Nomori H, Horio H, Morinaga S, et al. Usefulness of marking with colored collagen to localize small pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic biopsy. J Japanese Respir Soc, 1998, 36(2):133-137.
33.	Horio H, Nomori H. Thoracoscopic wedge resection of small pulmonary nodules——evaluation of Endofinger and colored collagen injection techniques for localization of pulmonary nodules. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 1996, 44(8):1059-1064.
34.	扶志敏. 肺部单纯磨玻璃样结节术前CT引导下钡剂悬液定位的临床研究. 中国医师进修杂志, 2014, 08(37):30-32.
35.	Kim YD, Jeong YJ, I H, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules with lipiodol prior to t horacoscopic surgery. Acta Radiol, 2011, 52(1):64-69.
36.	Kwon WJ, Kim HJ, Jeong YJ, et al. Direct lipiodol injection used for a radio-opaque lung marker:stability and histopathologic effects. Exp Lung Res, 2011, 37(5):310-317.
37.	Yamagami T, Yoshimatsu R, Miura H, et al. Pneumonia occurring after injection of Lipiodol to localize pulmonary nodules before fluoroscopy-aided thoracoscopic resection. Acta Radiol Short Rep, 2014, 3(1):2047981613499754.
38.	Zaman M, Bilal H, Woo CY, et al. In patients undergoing videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery excision, what is the best way to locate a subcentimetre solitary pulmonary nodule in order to achieve successful excision? Int Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2012, 15(2):266-272.
39.	Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Gobara H, et al. Transfissural route used for preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions with a short hook wire and suture system. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 38(1):222-226.
40.	Huang W, Ye H, Wu Y, et al. Hook wire localization of pulmonary pure ground-glass opacities for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(2):174-178.
41.	洪凤鸣.术前CT引导下Hook-wire植入定位肺小结节的应用. 浙江实用医学, 2014, 2(2):133-134.
42.	Davini F, Gonfiotti A, Vaggelli L, et al. Thoracoscopic localization techniques for patients with solitary pulmonary nodule:radioguided surgery versus hookwire localization. J Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 47(3):355-359.
43.	贾春祎. CT引导Hookwire定位下电视胸腔镜手术对孤立性肺小结节的诊疗价值. 中国癌症杂志, 2013, 23(11):917-920.
44.	Pittet O, Christodoulou M, Pezzetta E, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a small pulmonary nodule after computed tomography-guided localization with a hook-wire system. Experience in 45 consecutive patients. World J Surg, 2007, 31(3):575-578.
45.	王升平. 胸腔镜术前CT引导下Hook-wire定位肺内结节性病灶. 中华放射学杂志, 2010, 5(44):518-522.
46.	Horan TA, Pinheiro PM, Araujo LM, et al. Massive gas embolism during pulmonary nodule hook wire localization. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 73(5):1647-1649.
47.	许剑扬. 术前CT 引导Hookwire穿刺联合亚甲蓝染色定位在胸腔镜治疗孤立性肺结节病变的应用. 中外健康文摘, 2014, 8(2):185-186.
48.	Toba H, Kondo K, Miyoshi T, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic metallic coil marking for small peripheral pulmonary lesions. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 44(2):126-132.
49.	Liu L, Zhang LJ, Chen B, et al. Novel CT-guided coil localization of peripheral pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery:a pilot study. Acta Radiol, 2014, 55(6):699-706.
50.	Finley RJ, Mayo JR, Grant K, et al. Preoperative computed tomography-guided microcoil localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules:A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(1):26-32.
51.	刘伦旭, 刘成武.微小肺癌(≤2cm)微创诊治探讨. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2014, 21(5):577-581.
52.	Chen X, Wang S, Hao Z, et al. Wire missing:a rare presentation of preoperative localization wire system dislocation. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 30(9):162.

1. 童向东, 许世广, 王述民, 等. 达芬奇机器人治疗肺孤立结节的临床体会. 中国肺癌杂志, 2014, 17(7):541-544.
2. Wahidi MM, Govert JA, Goudar RK, et al. Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules:when is it lung cancer? ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). Chest, 2007, 132(3 Suppl):94s-107s.
3. Gomez-Saez N, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Vilar J, et al. Prevalence and variables associated with solitary pulmonary nodules in a routine clinic-based population:a cross-sectional study. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(9):2174-2182.
4. Shi CZ, Zhao Q, Luo LP, et al. Size of solitary pulmonary nodule was the risk factor of malignancy. J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(6):668-676.
5. 严四军, 曹祥, 邓波荣, 等. 恶性肺小结节的危险因素分析及预测模型的建立. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2013, 20(4):441-445.
6. 马林, 刘伦旭, 蒲强, 等. 电视胸腔镜手术中缝线定位法在肺部非浅表小结节活检和切除术中的应用. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2013, 20(6):735-737.
7. 刘明, 姜格宁. 孤立性肺结节的良恶性鉴别及处理策略. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2014, 21(1):102-106.
8. 奚小祥, 吕必宏, 何光明, 等.孤立性肺结节早期诊治的临床策略. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2014, 21(6):793-799.
9. Murrmann GB, van Vollenhoven FH, Moodley L. Approach to a solid solitary pulmonary nodule in two different settings-"Common is common, rare is rare". J Thorac Dis, 2014, 6(3):237-248.
10. Choi SM, Heo EY, Lee J, et al. Characteristics of benign solitary pulmonary nodules confirmed by diagnostic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Clin Respir J, 2014, 10.1111.
11. 朱瑞. 电视胸腔镜与传统开胸手术对患者机体创伤的比较. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2009, 05(16):357-361.
12. Yang B, Zhao F, Zong Z, et al. Preferences for treatment of lobectomy in Chinese lung cancer patients:video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy? Patient Prefer Adherence, 2014, 7(8):1393-1397.
13. 韩孔启. 电视胸腔镜辅助小切口在肺癌手术中的应用效果. 中国实用医刊, 2014, 20(5):117-118.
14. Yang C, Zhao D, Zhou X, et al. A comparative study of videoassisted thoracoscopic resection vs thoracotomy for neurogenic tumours arising at the thoracic apex. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 20(1):35-39.
15. 梁冰. 电视胸腔镜手术在孤立性肺结节诊断和治疗中的应用价值. 中国现代药物应用, 2014, 1(8):103-104.
16. 于春英. CT三维重建成像对孤立性肺结节形态特征的显示及良恶性的诊断价值研究. 河北医学, 2013, 12(19):1783-1785.
17. 范国华. 孤立性肺结节三维重建成像的CT研究. 临床放射学杂志, 2002, 1(21):33-37.
18. 董科, 陈献国, 唐志苗, 等. 螺旋CT三维成像技术对孤立性肺结节的应用价值. 医学影像学杂志, 2006, 7(16):708-710.
19. Chen W, Chen L, Qiang G, et al. Using an image-guided navigation system for localization of small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic surgery:a feasibility study. Surg Endosc, 2007, 21(10):1883-1886.
20. Reinbacher KE, Pau M, Wallner J, et al. Minimal invasive biopsy of intraconal expansion by PET/CT/MRI image-guided navigation:A new method. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2014, 42(7):1184-1189.
21. Chen W, Chen L, Yang S, et al. A novel technique for localization of small pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2007, 131(5):1526-1531.
22. 史华莉. CT三维重建技术对肺内孤立性结节的诊断价值. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2014, 05:922-926.
23. Eberhardt R, Ernst A, Herth FJ. Ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules less than 20 mm. Eur Respir J, 2009, 34(6):1284-1287.
24. Piolanti M, Coppola F, Papa S, et al. Ultrasonographic localization of occult pulmonary nodules during video-assisted thoracic surgery. Eur Rradiol, 2003, 13(10):2358-2364.
25. Kondo R, Yoshida K, Hamanaka K, et al. Intraoperative ultrasonographic localization of pulmonary ground-glass opacities. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2009, 138(4):837-842.
26. 王维. 全胸腔镜肺叶切除手术中超声定位的应用. 昆明医科大学学报, 2013, 34(11):33-36.
27. 洪斌, 沈学远, 陈江勇. 联合亚甲蓝和99m^Tc-硫胶体核素示踪法在早期非小细胞肺癌前哨淋巴结定位中的应用. 南方医科大学学报, 2014, 34(7):1053-1056.
28. Jin KN, Lee KW, Kim TJ, et al. Computed tomography guided percutaneous injection of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue in rabbit lungs:evaluation of localization ability for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Korean Med Sci, 2014, 29(1):129-136.
29. Shentu Y, Zhang L, Gu H, et al. A new technique combining virtual simulation and methylene blue staining for the localization of small peripheral pulmonary lesions. BMC cancer, 2014, 14(2):79.
30. Lee NK, Park CM, Kang CH, et al. CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic localization of pulmonary nodules prior to videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery using barium suspension. Korean J Radiol, 2012, 13(6):694-701.
31. Nomori H, Horio H. Colored collagen is a long-lasting point marker for small pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic operations. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 61(4):1070-1073.
32. Nomori H, Horio H, Morinaga S, et al. Usefulness of marking with colored collagen to localize small pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic biopsy. J Japanese Respir Soc, 1998, 36(2):133-137.
33. Horio H, Nomori H. Thoracoscopic wedge resection of small pulmonary nodules——evaluation of Endofinger and colored collagen injection techniques for localization of pulmonary nodules. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 1996, 44(8):1059-1064.
34. 扶志敏. 肺部单纯磨玻璃样结节术前CT引导下钡剂悬液定位的临床研究. 中国医师进修杂志, 2014, 08(37):30-32.
35. Kim YD, Jeong YJ, I H, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules with lipiodol prior to t horacoscopic surgery. Acta Radiol, 2011, 52(1):64-69.
36. Kwon WJ, Kim HJ, Jeong YJ, et al. Direct lipiodol injection used for a radio-opaque lung marker:stability and histopathologic effects. Exp Lung Res, 2011, 37(5):310-317.
37. Yamagami T, Yoshimatsu R, Miura H, et al. Pneumonia occurring after injection of Lipiodol to localize pulmonary nodules before fluoroscopy-aided thoracoscopic resection. Acta Radiol Short Rep, 2014, 3(1):2047981613499754.
38. Zaman M, Bilal H, Woo CY, et al. In patients undergoing videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery excision, what is the best way to locate a subcentimetre solitary pulmonary nodule in order to achieve successful excision? Int Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2012, 15(2):266-272.
39. Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Gobara H, et al. Transfissural route used for preoperative localization of small pulmonary lesions with a short hook wire and suture system. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 38(1):222-226.
40. Huang W, Ye H, Wu Y, et al. Hook wire localization of pulmonary pure ground-glass opacities for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(2):174-178.
41. 洪凤鸣.术前CT引导下Hook-wire植入定位肺小结节的应用. 浙江实用医学, 2014, 2(2):133-134.
42. Davini F, Gonfiotti A, Vaggelli L, et al. Thoracoscopic localization techniques for patients with solitary pulmonary nodule:radioguided surgery versus hookwire localization. J Cardiovasc Surg, 2006, 47(3):355-359.
43. 贾春祎. CT引导Hookwire定位下电视胸腔镜手术对孤立性肺小结节的诊疗价值. 中国癌症杂志, 2013, 23(11):917-920.
44. Pittet O, Christodoulou M, Pezzetta E, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a small pulmonary nodule after computed tomography-guided localization with a hook-wire system. Experience in 45 consecutive patients. World J Surg, 2007, 31(3):575-578.
45. 王升平. 胸腔镜术前CT引导下Hook-wire定位肺内结节性病灶. 中华放射学杂志, 2010, 5(44):518-522.
46. Horan TA, Pinheiro PM, Araujo LM, et al. Massive gas embolism during pulmonary nodule hook wire localization. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 73(5):1647-1649.
47. 许剑扬. 术前CT 引导Hookwire穿刺联合亚甲蓝染色定位在胸腔镜治疗孤立性肺结节病变的应用. 中外健康文摘, 2014, 8(2):185-186.
48. Toba H, Kondo K, Miyoshi T, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic metallic coil marking for small peripheral pulmonary lesions. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 44(2):126-132.
49. Liu L, Zhang LJ, Chen B, et al. Novel CT-guided coil localization of peripheral pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery:a pilot study. Acta Radiol, 2014, 55(6):699-706.
50. Finley RJ, Mayo JR, Grant K, et al. Preoperative computed tomography-guided microcoil localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules:A prospective randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(1):26-32.
51. 刘伦旭, 刘成武.微小肺癌(≤2cm)微创诊治探讨. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2014, 21(5):577-581.
52. Chen X, Wang S, Hao Z, et al. Wire missing:a rare presentation of preoperative localization wire system dislocation. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 30(9):162.

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Advances in Preoperative Localization of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules for Video-assisted Thracoscopic Surgery

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