Air Pollution and COPD in China_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

HUGuo-ping ¹ , ZHONGNan-shan ² , RANPi-xin ²

1. The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P. R. China;
2. The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Biomass smoke; Air pollution; Haze; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.20160025

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Recently, many researchers paid more attentions to the association between air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Haze, a severe form of outdoor air pollution, affected most parts of northern and eastern China in the past winter. In China, studies have been performed to evaluate the impact of outdoor air pollution and biomass smoke exposure on COPD; and most studies have focused on the role of air pollution in acutely triggering symptoms and exacerbations. Few studies have examined the role of air pollution in inducing pathophysiological changes that characterise COPD. Evidence showed that outdoor air pollution affects lung function in both children and adults and triggers exacerbations of COPD symptoms. Hence outdoor air pollution may be considered a risk factor for COPD mortality. However, evidence to date has been suggestive (not conclusive) that chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution increases the prevalence and incidence of COPD. Cross-sectional studies showed biomass smoke exposure is a risk factor for COPD. A long-term retrospective study and a long-term prospective cohort study showed that biomass smoke exposure reductions were associated with a reduced decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and with a decreased risk of COPD. To fully understand the effect of air pollution on COPD, we recommend future studies with longer follow-up periods, more standardized definitions of COPD and more refined and source-specific exposure assessments.

Citation： HUGuo-ping, ZHONGNan-shan, RANPi-xin. Air Pollution and COPD in China. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2016, 23(2): 107-112. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20160025 Copy

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3.	Eisner MD, Anthonisen N, Coultas D, et al. An official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: Novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 182: 693-718.
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7.	Ezzati M, Kammen DM. The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs. Environ Health Perspect, 2002, 110: 1057-1068.
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12.	Liu S, Zhou Y, Wang X, et al. Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China. Thorax, 2007, 62: 889-897.
13.	Xu F, Yin X, Shen H, et al. Better understanding the influence of cigarette smoking and indoor air pollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study in Mainland China. Respirology, 2007, 12: 891-897.
14.	Zhong N, Wang C, Yao W, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 176: 753-760.
15.	Wang X, Deng FR, Wu SW, et al. Short-time effects of inhalable particles and fine particles on children's lung function in a district in Beijing. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao, 2010, 42: 340-344.
16.	Roy A, Hu W, Wei F, et al. Ambient particulate matter and lung function growth in Chinese children. Epidemiology, 2012, 23: 464-472.
17.	Wang B, Peng Z, Zhang X, et al. Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and pulmonary function in never-smoking adults in Chongqing, China. Int J Occup Environ Health, 1999, 5: 14-19.
18.	Wu S, Deng F, Hao Y, et al. Fine particulate matter, temperature, and lung function in healthy adults: findings from the HVNR study. Chemosphere, 2014, 108: 168-174.
19.	Gao ZY, Li PK, Zhao JZ, et al. Effects of airborne fine particulate matter on human respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi, 2010, 28: 748-751.
20.	Liu G, Peng Z, Yu S, et al. Analysis of pulmonary function of primary students living in air pollution areas. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2010, 39: 459-461.
21.	Zhou Y, Hu G, Wang D, et al. Community based integrated inter-vention for prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Guangdong, China: cluster rando-mised controlled trial. BMJ, 2010, 341: c6387.
22.	Mu L, Deng F, Tian L, et al. Peak expiratory flow, breath rate and blood pressure in adults with changes in particulate matter air pollution during the Beijing Olympics: a panel study. Environ Res, 2014, 133: 4-11.
23.	Pujades-Rodríguez M, Lewis S, McKeever T, et al. Effect of living close to a main road on asthma, allergy, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Occup Environ Med, 2009, 66: 679-684.
24.	Andersen ZJ, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: a cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011, 183: 455-461.
25.	Nuvolone D, Della Maggiore R, Maio S, et al. Geographical inform-ation system and environmental epidemiology: a cross-sectional spatial analysis of the effects of traffic-related air pollution on population respiratory health. Environ Health, 2011, 10: 12.
26.	Schikowski T, Sugiri D, Ranft U, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women. Respir Res, 2005, 6: 152.
27.	Lam KB, Yin P, Jiang CQ, et al. Past dust and GAS/ FUME exposure and COPD in Chinese: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Respir Med, 2012, 106: 1421-1428.
28.	Ma H, Hong C. Effects of atmospheric particulate matter pollution on chronic respiratory disease. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 1992, 11: 229-232.
29.	Jin Y, Cheng Y, Wang H, et al. Effects of air pollution from burning coal on respiratory diseases in adults. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2001, 30: 241-243.
30.	Jin Y, He G, Liu F, et al. Quantified study on human health impact caused by coal-burning air pollution in China. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2002, 31: 342-348.
31.	Sunyer J. Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review. Eur Respir J, 2001, 17: 1024-1033.
32.	Peacock JL, Anderson HR, Bremner SA, et al. Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD. Thorax, 2011, 66: 591-596.
33.	Atkinson RW, Anderson HR, Sunyer J, et al. Acute effects of parti-culate air pollution on respiratory admissions: results from APHEA 2 project. Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001, 164: 1860-1866.
34.	Tao Y, Mi S, Zhou S, et al. Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China. Environ Pollut, 2014, 185: 196-201.
35.	Liu H, Ye L. Correlation of acute exacerbation of chronic obstruc-tive Pulmonary disease with environmental factor. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medieine, 2010, 22: 210-213.
36.	Ko FW, Tam W, Wong TW, et al. Temporal relationship between air pollutants and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hong Kong. Thorax, 2007, 62: 780-785.
37.	Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen L, et al. Impact of haze and air pollution-related hazards on hospital admissions in Guangzhou, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2014, 21: 4236-4244.
38.	Qiu H, Yu IT, Wang X, et al. Season and humidity dependence of the effects of air pollution on COPD hospitalizations in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 76: 74-80.
39.	Chiu HF, Tiao MM, Ho SC, et al. Effects of Asian dust storm events on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taipei, Taiwan. Inhal Toxicol, 2008, 20: 777-781.
40.	Tsai SS, Chang CC, Yang CY. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-crossover study in Taipei. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2013, 10: 6015-6026.
41.	Lee IM, Tsai SS, Chang CC, et al. Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Inhal Toxicol, 2007, 19: 393-398.
42.	Yang CY, Chen CJ. Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A, 2007, 70: 1214-1219.
43.	Zhao K, Cao J, Wen X. Correlation between PM2.5 pollution in Air and mortality of residents in urban area, Xipical city: Taipei, Taiwan. J iung, Taiwan. Aipei, 11, 27: 257-62.
44.	Ju J, Ge M, Jia Q, et al. Relationship between the mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the air pollution in Suzhou. Journal of Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, 2012, 17: 2136-2138.
45.	Chang G, Pan X, Xie X, et al. Time-series analysis on the relation-ship between air pollution and daily mortality in Beijing. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2003, 32: 565-568.
46.	Kan H, Chen B. Air pollution and daily mortality in Shanghai: a time-series study. Arch Environ Health, 2003, 58: 360-367.
47.	Meng X, Wang C, Cao D, et al. Short-term effect of ambient air pollution on COPD mortality in four Chinese cities. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 77: 149-154.
48.	Chen J, Schooling CM, Johnston JM, et al. How does socioeconomic development affect COPD mortality? An age-period-cohort analysis from a recently transitioned population in China. PLoS One, 2011, 6: e24348.
49.	Lepeule J, Laden F, Dockery D, et al. Chronic exposure to fine particles and mortality: an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study from 1974 to 2009. Environ Health Perspect, 2012, 120: 965-970.
50.	Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thurston GD, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation, 2004, 109: 71-77.
51.	Xiao H, Xiu Q, Xu Z. A study about the effect of air pollution on respiratory disease in Shenyang. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 1990, 6: 195-198.
52.	Hu G, Zhou Y, Tian J, et al. Risk of COPD from exposure to biomass smoke: a metaanalysis. Chest, 2010, 138: 20-31.
53.	Schikowski T, Mills IC, Anderson HR, et al. Ambient air pollution: a cause of COPD? Eur Respir J, 2014, 43: 250-263.
54.	Zeger SL, Thomas D, Dominici F, et al. Exposure measurement error in time-series studies of air pollution: concepts and consequences. Environ Health Perspect, 2000, 108: 419-426.

1. World Health Organisation. The World Health Report 2008-primary Health Care (Now More Than Ever). Geneva, Switzerland: 2008. Available online: http://www.who.int/whr/2008/en/.
2. Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet, 2012, 379: 1341-1351.
3. Eisner MD, Anthonisen N, Coultas D, et al. An official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: Novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 182: 693-718.
4. Zhang XY, Wang YQ, Niu T, et al. Atmospheric aerosol composi-tions in China: spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols. Atmos Chem Phys, 2012, 12: 779-799.
5. Asian-Development-Bank, 2013. Toward an Environmentally Sustainable Future: Country Environmental Analysis of the Peopleand comparisons with global aerosols. Atmos Chem Phys, 2012, 12: 779-799.
6. Lu K, Qin Y, He GX, et al. The impact of haze weather on health: a view to future. Biomed Environ Sci, 2013, 26: 945-946.
7. Ezzati M, Kammen DM. The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs. Environ Health Perspect, 2002, 110: 1057-1068.
8. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, et al. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet, 2002, 360: 1347-1360.
9. World Health Organization. The world health report 2002-Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva: WHO; 2002. Available online: www.who.int/whr/2002/en.
10. Zhou Y, Zou Y, Li X, et al. Lung function and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after improved cooking fuels and kitchen ventilation: a 9-year prospective cohort study. PLoS Med, 2014,11:e1001621.
11. Chapman RS, He X, Blair AE, et al. Improvement in household stoves and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwei, China: retrospective cohort study. BMJ, 2005, 331: 1050.
12. Liu S, Zhou Y, Wang X, et al. Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China. Thorax, 2007, 62: 889-897.
13. Xu F, Yin X, Shen H, et al. Better understanding the influence of cigarette smoking and indoor air pollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study in Mainland China. Respirology, 2007, 12: 891-897.
14. Zhong N, Wang C, Yao W, et al. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2007, 176: 753-760.
15. Wang X, Deng FR, Wu SW, et al. Short-time effects of inhalable particles and fine particles on children's lung function in a district in Beijing. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao, 2010, 42: 340-344.
16. Roy A, Hu W, Wei F, et al. Ambient particulate matter and lung function growth in Chinese children. Epidemiology, 2012, 23: 464-472.
17. Wang B, Peng Z, Zhang X, et al. Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and pulmonary function in never-smoking adults in Chongqing, China. Int J Occup Environ Health, 1999, 5: 14-19.
18. Wu S, Deng F, Hao Y, et al. Fine particulate matter, temperature, and lung function in healthy adults: findings from the HVNR study. Chemosphere, 2014, 108: 168-174.
19. Gao ZY, Li PK, Zhao JZ, et al. Effects of airborne fine particulate matter on human respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi, 2010, 28: 748-751.
20. Liu G, Peng Z, Yu S, et al. Analysis of pulmonary function of primary students living in air pollution areas. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2010, 39: 459-461.
21. Zhou Y, Hu G, Wang D, et al. Community based integrated inter-vention for prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Guangdong, China: cluster rando-mised controlled trial. BMJ, 2010, 341: c6387.
22. Mu L, Deng F, Tian L, et al. Peak expiratory flow, breath rate and blood pressure in adults with changes in particulate matter air pollution during the Beijing Olympics: a panel study. Environ Res, 2014, 133: 4-11.
23. Pujades-Rodríguez M, Lewis S, McKeever T, et al. Effect of living close to a main road on asthma, allergy, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Occup Environ Med, 2009, 66: 679-684.
24. Andersen ZJ, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: a cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011, 183: 455-461.
25. Nuvolone D, Della Maggiore R, Maio S, et al. Geographical inform-ation system and environmental epidemiology: a cross-sectional spatial analysis of the effects of traffic-related air pollution on population respiratory health. Environ Health, 2011, 10: 12.
26. Schikowski T, Sugiri D, Ranft U, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women. Respir Res, 2005, 6: 152.
27. Lam KB, Yin P, Jiang CQ, et al. Past dust and GAS/ FUME exposure and COPD in Chinese: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Respir Med, 2012, 106: 1421-1428.
28. Ma H, Hong C. Effects of atmospheric particulate matter pollution on chronic respiratory disease. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 1992, 11: 229-232.
29. Jin Y, Cheng Y, Wang H, et al. Effects of air pollution from burning coal on respiratory diseases in adults. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2001, 30: 241-243.
30. Jin Y, He G, Liu F, et al. Quantified study on human health impact caused by coal-burning air pollution in China. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2002, 31: 342-348.
31. Sunyer J. Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review. Eur Respir J, 2001, 17: 1024-1033.
32. Peacock JL, Anderson HR, Bremner SA, et al. Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD. Thorax, 2011, 66: 591-596.
33. Atkinson RW, Anderson HR, Sunyer J, et al. Acute effects of parti-culate air pollution on respiratory admissions: results from APHEA 2 project. Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001, 164: 1860-1866.
34. Tao Y, Mi S, Zhou S, et al. Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China. Environ Pollut, 2014, 185: 196-201.
35. Liu H, Ye L. Correlation of acute exacerbation of chronic obstruc-tive Pulmonary disease with environmental factor. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medieine, 2010, 22: 210-213.
36. Ko FW, Tam W, Wong TW, et al. Temporal relationship between air pollutants and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hong Kong. Thorax, 2007, 62: 780-785.
37. Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen L, et al. Impact of haze and air pollution-related hazards on hospital admissions in Guangzhou, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2014, 21: 4236-4244.
38. Qiu H, Yu IT, Wang X, et al. Season and humidity dependence of the effects of air pollution on COPD hospitalizations in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 76: 74-80.
39. Chiu HF, Tiao MM, Ho SC, et al. Effects of Asian dust storm events on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taipei, Taiwan. Inhal Toxicol, 2008, 20: 777-781.
40. Tsai SS, Chang CC, Yang CY. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-crossover study in Taipei. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2013, 10: 6015-6026.
41. Lee IM, Tsai SS, Chang CC, et al. Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Inhal Toxicol, 2007, 19: 393-398.
42. Yang CY, Chen CJ. Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A, 2007, 70: 1214-1219.
43. Zhao K, Cao J, Wen X. Correlation between PM2.5 pollution in Air and mortality of residents in urban area, Xipical city: Taipei, Taiwan. J iung, Taiwan. Aipei, 11, 27: 257-62.
44. Ju J, Ge M, Jia Q, et al. Relationship between the mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the air pollution in Suzhou. Journal of Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, 2012, 17: 2136-2138.
45. Chang G, Pan X, Xie X, et al. Time-series analysis on the relation-ship between air pollution and daily mortality in Beijing. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2003, 32: 565-568.
46. Kan H, Chen B. Air pollution and daily mortality in Shanghai: a time-series study. Arch Environ Health, 2003, 58: 360-367.
47. Meng X, Wang C, Cao D, et al. Short-term effect of ambient air pollution on COPD mortality in four Chinese cities. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 77: 149-154.
48. Chen J, Schooling CM, Johnston JM, et al. How does socioeconomic development affect COPD mortality? An age-period-cohort analysis from a recently transitioned population in China. PLoS One, 2011, 6: e24348.
49. Lepeule J, Laden F, Dockery D, et al. Chronic exposure to fine particles and mortality: an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study from 1974 to 2009. Environ Health Perspect, 2012, 120: 965-970.
50. Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thurston GD, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation, 2004, 109: 71-77.
51. Xiao H, Xiu Q, Xu Z. A study about the effect of air pollution on respiratory disease in Shenyang. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 1990, 6: 195-198.
52. Hu G, Zhou Y, Tian J, et al. Risk of COPD from exposure to biomass smoke: a metaanalysis. Chest, 2010, 138: 20-31.
53. Schikowski T, Mills IC, Anderson HR, et al. Ambient air pollution: a cause of COPD? Eur Respir J, 2014, 43: 250-263.
54. Zeger SL, Thomas D, Dominici F, et al. Exposure measurement error in time-series studies of air pollution: concepts and consequences. Environ Health Perspect, 2000, 108: 419-426.

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