Progress in surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation caused by Takayasu arteritis_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

LU Xiaofeng , LI Yongnan , GAO Bingren ,  LIU Debin

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Debin, Email: liudebin01@sina.com

Keywords：

Takayasu arteritis; aortic regurgitation; surgical operation; progress

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201812041

Video：

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Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a primary, chronic, non-specific, inflammatory disease of the aorta and its larger branches. The pulmonary artery trunk and its branches could be impacted by TA, which could cause stenosis or occlusion of lesion vessels. TA also affects the normal function of the aortic valve and other heart valves, mainly due to valvular insufficiency. Aortic regurgitation caused by TA is mainly treated by surgical operation. In this review, the examination technique, operation timing, operation method and prognosis of aortic valve involved in TA are discussed systematically.

Citation： LU Xiaofeng, LI Yongnan, GAO Bingren, LIU Debin. Progress in surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation caused by Takayasu arteritis. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2019, 26(11): 1145-1151. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201812041 Copy

1.	Isobe M. Takayasu arteritis revisited: current diagnosis and treatment. Int J Cardiol, 2013, 168(1): 3-10.
2.	Numano F. The story of Takayasu arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2002, 41(1): 103-106.
3.	Onen F, Akkoc N. Epidemiology of Takayasu arteritis. Presse Med, 2017, 46(7-8 Pt 2): e197-e203.
4.	Zhang Y, Yang K, Meng X, et al. Cardiac valve involvement in Takayasu arteritis is common: a retrospective study of 1,069 patients over 25 years. Am J Med Sci, 2018, 356(4): 357-364.
5.	Li C, Liu Y, Qi R, et al. Repair of aortic regurgitation due to Takayasu arteritis. Heart Surg Forum, 2013, 16(1): E24-E26.
6.	Sanchez-Alvarez C, Mertz LE, Thomas CS, et al. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics of a cohort of patients with Takayasu arteritis. Am J Med, 2019, [Epub ahead of print].
7.	Soto ME, Espinola-Zavaleta N, Ramirez-Quito O, et al. Echocardiographic follow-up of patients with Takayasu's arteritis: five-year survival. Echocardiography, 2006, 23(5): 353-360.
8.	Yoshida M, Watanabe R, Ishii T, et al. Retrospective analysis of 95 patients with large vessel vasculitis: a single center experience. Int J Rheum Dis, 2016, 19(1): 87-94.
9.	Linnemeier L, Sharma R, Srivastava N, et al. Annuloplasty for aortic regurgitation in infantile Takayasu arteritis: A case report. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg, 2017, [Epub ahead of print].
10.	Kwon HW, Suh YJ, Bang JS, et al. Aortic valve replacement surgery for a case of infantile Takayasu arteritis. Korean J Pediatr, 2012, 55(7): 254-258.
11.	Pan L. Risk factors of cardiac valvular involvement in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2018, 77: 779.
12.	Mason JC. Takayasu arteritis--advances in diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2010, 6(7): 406-415.
13.	Bansal N, Wang N, Choo D, et al. Ostial left main stenosis due to Takayasu arteritis: multimodality imaging and surgical ostioplasty. Echocardiography, 2011, 28(1): E5-E8.
14.	O'Connor TE, Carpenter HE, Bidari S, et al. Role of inflammatory markers in Takayasu arteritis disease monitoring. BMC Neurol, 2014, 14: 62.
15.	JCS Joint Working Group. Guideline for management of vasculitis syndrome (JCS 2008). Japanese Circulation Society. Circ J, 2011, 75(2): 474-503.
16.	Clemente G, Silva CA, Sacchetti SB, et al. Takayasu arteritis in childhood: misdiagnoses at disease onset and associated diseases. Rheumatol Int, 2018, 38(6): 1089-1094.
17.	Danda D, Goel R, Danda S, et al. Interleukin-17F and interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms in Asian Indian patients with Takayasu arteritis. Hum Immunol, 2017, 78(7-8): 515-520.
18.	Alibaz-Oner F, Yentür SP, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, et al. Serum cytokine profiles in Takayasu's arteritis: search for biomarkers. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2015, 33(2 Suppl 89): S32S-S35S.
19.	Nair AM, Goel R, Hindhumati M, et al. Serum amyloid A as a marker of disease activity and treatment response in Takayasu arteritis. Rheumatol Int, 2017, 37(10): 1643-1649.
20.	Tombetti E, Di Chio MC, Sartorelli S, et al. Systemic pentraxin-3 levels reflect vascular enhancement and progression in Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther, 2014, 16(6): 479.
21.	Ishihara T, Haraguchi G, Tezuka D, et al. Diagnosis and assessment of Takayasu arteritis by multiple biomarkers. Circ J, 2013, 77(2): 477-483.
22.	Sun Y, Huang Q, Jiang L. Radiology and biomarkers in assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. Int J Rheum Dis, 2019, 22(Suppl 1): 53-59.
23.	Ma LY, Li CL, Ma LL, et al. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the carotid artery for evaluating disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther, 2019, 21(1): 24.
24.	Kang EJ, Kim SM, Choe YH, et al. Takayasu arteritis: assessment of coronary arterial abnormalities with 128-section dual-source CT angiography of the coronary arteries and aorta. Radiology, 2014, 270(1): 74-81.
25.	Takahashi T, Shiina Y, Nagao M, et al. Stroke volume ratio derived from magnetic resonance imaging as an indicator of interventricular dyssynchrony predicts future cardiac event in patients with biventricular Fontan circulation. Heart Vessels, 2019, 34(1): 114-122.
26.	Emsen B, Benali K, Mahida B, et al. Comparison between visual and numerical metrics for the evaluation of patients with Takayasu arteritis with 18F-FDG-PET. Nucl Med Commun, 2018, 39(8): 779-788.
27.	Saadoun D, Lambert M, Mirault T, et al. Retrospective analysis of surgery versus endovascular intervention in Takayasu arteritis: a multicenter experience. Circulation, 2012, 125(6): 813-819.
28.	Lee GY, Jang SY, Ko SM, et al. Cardiovascular manifestations of Takayasu arteritis and their relationship to the disease activity: analysis of 204 Korean patients at a single center. Int J Cardiol, 2012, 159(1): 14-20.
29.	Kerr GS, Hallahan CW, Giordano J, et al. Takayasu arteritis. Ann Intern Med, 1994, 120(11): 919-929.
30.	邹玉宝, 蒋雄京. 大动脉炎的研究现状与进展. 中国循环杂志, 2016, 31(8): 822-824.
31.	Clifford A, Hoffman GS. Recent advances in the medical management of Takayasu arteritis: an update on use of biologic therapies. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2014, 26(1): 7-15.
32.	Murashita T, Yoshimoto K, Sugiki H, et al. Bilateral coronary ostial patch angioplasty with autologous pericardium in Takayasu arteritis: a case requiring replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2004, 26(4): 866-868.
33.	Soto ME, Espinola N, Flores-Suarez LF, et al. Takayasu arteritis: clinical features in 110 Mexican Mestizo patients and cardiovascular impact on survival and prognosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2008, 26(3 Suppl 49): S9-S15.
34.	Ando M, Okita Y, Sasako Y, et al. Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment for dilative lesions associated with Takayasu's arteritis. Int J Angiol, 2000, 9(3): 194-197.
35.	Kieffer E, Chiche L, Bertal A, et al. Descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with Takayasu's disease. Ann Vasc Surg, 2004, 18(5): 505-513.
36.	Baril DT, Carroccio A, Palchik E, et al. Endovascular treatment of complicated aortic aneurysms in patients with underlying arteriopathies. Ann Vasc Surg, 2006, 20(4): 464-471.
37.	Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 70(2): 252-289.
38.	Falk V, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, et al. 2017 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(4): 616-664.
39.	Ramponi F, Jeremy RW, Wilson MK. Management of aortic regurgitation and bilateral carotid occlusion in severe Takayasu arteritis. J Card Surg, 2017, 32(4): 259-261.
40.	Furukawa N, Hata M, Sezai A, et al. Reoperation for aortic valve stenosis due to severe calcification of the bioprosthetic valve after modified Bentall operation in Takayasu arteritis. Int J Cardiol, 2009, 133(3): e118-e119.
41.	Adachi O, Saiki Y, Akasaka J, et al. Surgical management of aortic regurgitation associated with Takayasu arteritis and other forms of aortitis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 84(6): 1950-1953.
42.	Maeda K, Yoshikawa Y, Miyagawa S, et al. Surgical treatment of coronary arteriovenous fistulas and aortic valve insufficiency. J Card Surg, 2013, 28(4): 380-382.
43.	Matsuura K, Ogino H, Kobayashi J, et al. Surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation due to Takayasu arteritis: long-term morbidity and mortality. Circulation, 2005, 112(24): 3707-3712.
44.	Fernández ÁL, Martínez A, García Carro J, et al. Late detachment of an aortic prosthetic valve and reactivation of Takayasu arteritis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed), 2017, 70(5): 397-399.
45.	孙立忠, 刘永民, 胡盛寿, 等. 大动脉炎导致主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2003, 19(3): 129-130.
46.	Kaku Y, Aomi S, Tomioka H, et al. Surgery for aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation in Takayasu arteritis. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2015, 23(8): 901-906.
47.	Manji RA, Zhu LF, Nijjar NK, et al. Glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprosthetic heart valve conduits calcify and fail from xenograft rejection. Circulation, 2006, 114(4): 318-327.
48.	Dalgliesh AJ, Parvizi M, Lopera-Higuita M, et al. Graft-specific immune tolerance is determined by residual antigenicity of xenogeneic extracellular matrix scaffolds. Acta Biomater, 2018, 79: 253-264.
49.	卢子润, 王东进. 主动脉瓣关闭不全行主动脉瓣成形术的治疗进展. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2018, 25(2): 177-180.
50.	Harada H, Honma Y, Hachiro Y, et al. Composite graft replacement after aortic valvuloplasty in Takayasu arteritis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 73(2): 644-647.
51.	Hashimoto W, Hashizume K, Ariyoshi T, et al. Ten years experience of aortic root replacement using a modified bentall procedure with a carrel patch and inclusion technique. Ann Vasc Dis, 2011, 4(1): 32-36.
52.	Kourliouros A, Soni M, Rasoli S, et al. Evolution and current applications of the Cabrol procedure and its modifications. Ann Thorac Surg, 2011, 91(5): 1636-1641.
53.	Sun X, Yang H, Li X, et al. Randomized controlled trial of moderate hypothermia versus deep hypothermia anesthesia on brain injury during Stanford A aortic dissection surgery. Heart Vessels, 2018, 33(1): 66-71.
54.	David TE. Tirone on Tirone David operation and types. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2019, 67(1): 66-69.
55.	Bolin E, Moodie DS, Fraser CD Jr, et al. Takayasu arteritis presenting as severe ascending aortic arch dilation and aortic regurgitation in a 10-year-old female. Congenit Heart Dis, 2011, 6(6): 630-633.
56.	Fujiwara K, Hamuro M, Imai K, et al. Severe aortic valve regurgitation due to Takayasu's aortoarteritis in a child. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(3): 1072-1074.
57.	Yamashita K, Kobayashi J, Fujita T, et al. Simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for Takayasu arteritis. J Cardiol Cases, 2017, 15(5): 158-160.
58.	Ha KJ, Cho WC, Kim WK, et al. A minimally invasive approach for the treatment of mid-aortic syndrome in Takayasu arteritis. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 51(6): 399-402.
59.	Cheng X, Dang A. Surgery is better: Long-term outcome on takayasu disease patients with aortic regurgitation. Circulation, 2018, 136: A14816.
60.	Ando M, Kosakai Y, Okita Y, et al. Surgical treatment for aortic regurgitation caused by non-specific aortitis. Cardiovasc Surg, 1999, 7(4): 409-413.
61.	Hartman JM. Underestimated abdominal vascular pathology in a patient with Takayasu arteritis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2006, 5(4): 451-453.
62.	Moon MH, Kang JK, Song H. Acquired coronary-to-bronchial artery fistula after two valve surgeries. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2014, 22(4): 478-480.
63.	Ohigashi H, Haraguchi G, Konishi M, et al. Improved prognosis of Takayasu arteritis over the past decade--comprehensive analysis of 106 patients. Circ J, 2012, 76(4): 1004-1011.
64.	Perera AH, Mason JC, Wolfe JH. Takayasu arteritis: criteria for surgical intervention should not be ignored. Int J Vasc Med, 2013, 2013: 618910.
65.	Matsushita M, Kobayashi S, Tada K, et al. A case of ankylosing spondylitis with concurrent Takayasu arteritis. J Int Med Res, 2018, 46(6): 2486-2494.
66.	Taddio A, Maschio M, Martelossi S, et al. Crohn's disease and Takayasu's arteritis: an uncommon association. World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(35): 5933-5935.

1. Isobe M. Takayasu arteritis revisited: current diagnosis and treatment. Int J Cardiol, 2013, 168(1): 3-10.
2. Numano F. The story of Takayasu arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2002, 41(1): 103-106.
3. Onen F, Akkoc N. Epidemiology of Takayasu arteritis. Presse Med, 2017, 46(7-8 Pt 2): e197-e203.
4. Zhang Y, Yang K, Meng X, et al. Cardiac valve involvement in Takayasu arteritis is common: a retrospective study of 1,069 patients over 25 years. Am J Med Sci, 2018, 356(4): 357-364.
5. Li C, Liu Y, Qi R, et al. Repair of aortic regurgitation due to Takayasu arteritis. Heart Surg Forum, 2013, 16(1): E24-E26.
6. Sanchez-Alvarez C, Mertz LE, Thomas CS, et al. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics of a cohort of patients with Takayasu arteritis. Am J Med, 2019, [Epub ahead of print].
7. Soto ME, Espinola-Zavaleta N, Ramirez-Quito O, et al. Echocardiographic follow-up of patients with Takayasu's arteritis: five-year survival. Echocardiography, 2006, 23(5): 353-360.
8. Yoshida M, Watanabe R, Ishii T, et al. Retrospective analysis of 95 patients with large vessel vasculitis: a single center experience. Int J Rheum Dis, 2016, 19(1): 87-94.
9. Linnemeier L, Sharma R, Srivastava N, et al. Annuloplasty for aortic regurgitation in infantile Takayasu arteritis: A case report. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg, 2017, [Epub ahead of print].
10. Kwon HW, Suh YJ, Bang JS, et al. Aortic valve replacement surgery for a case of infantile Takayasu arteritis. Korean J Pediatr, 2012, 55(7): 254-258.
11. Pan L. Risk factors of cardiac valvular involvement in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis, 2018, 77: 779.
12. Mason JC. Takayasu arteritis--advances in diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2010, 6(7): 406-415.
13. Bansal N, Wang N, Choo D, et al. Ostial left main stenosis due to Takayasu arteritis: multimodality imaging and surgical ostioplasty. Echocardiography, 2011, 28(1): E5-E8.
14. O'Connor TE, Carpenter HE, Bidari S, et al. Role of inflammatory markers in Takayasu arteritis disease monitoring. BMC Neurol, 2014, 14: 62.
15. JCS Joint Working Group. Guideline for management of vasculitis syndrome (JCS 2008). Japanese Circulation Society. Circ J, 2011, 75(2): 474-503.
16. Clemente G, Silva CA, Sacchetti SB, et al. Takayasu arteritis in childhood: misdiagnoses at disease onset and associated diseases. Rheumatol Int, 2018, 38(6): 1089-1094.
17. Danda D, Goel R, Danda S, et al. Interleukin-17F and interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms in Asian Indian patients with Takayasu arteritis. Hum Immunol, 2017, 78(7-8): 515-520.
18. Alibaz-Oner F, Yentür SP, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, et al. Serum cytokine profiles in Takayasu's arteritis: search for biomarkers. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2015, 33(2 Suppl 89): S32S-S35S.
19. Nair AM, Goel R, Hindhumati M, et al. Serum amyloid A as a marker of disease activity and treatment response in Takayasu arteritis. Rheumatol Int, 2017, 37(10): 1643-1649.
20. Tombetti E, Di Chio MC, Sartorelli S, et al. Systemic pentraxin-3 levels reflect vascular enhancement and progression in Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther, 2014, 16(6): 479.
21. Ishihara T, Haraguchi G, Tezuka D, et al. Diagnosis and assessment of Takayasu arteritis by multiple biomarkers. Circ J, 2013, 77(2): 477-483.
22. Sun Y, Huang Q, Jiang L. Radiology and biomarkers in assessing disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. Int J Rheum Dis, 2019, 22(Suppl 1): 53-59.
23. Ma LY, Li CL, Ma LL, et al. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the carotid artery for evaluating disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther, 2019, 21(1): 24.
24. Kang EJ, Kim SM, Choe YH, et al. Takayasu arteritis: assessment of coronary arterial abnormalities with 128-section dual-source CT angiography of the coronary arteries and aorta. Radiology, 2014, 270(1): 74-81.
25. Takahashi T, Shiina Y, Nagao M, et al. Stroke volume ratio derived from magnetic resonance imaging as an indicator of interventricular dyssynchrony predicts future cardiac event in patients with biventricular Fontan circulation. Heart Vessels, 2019, 34(1): 114-122.
26. Emsen B, Benali K, Mahida B, et al. Comparison between visual and numerical metrics for the evaluation of patients with Takayasu arteritis with 18F-FDG-PET. Nucl Med Commun, 2018, 39(8): 779-788.
27. Saadoun D, Lambert M, Mirault T, et al. Retrospective analysis of surgery versus endovascular intervention in Takayasu arteritis: a multicenter experience. Circulation, 2012, 125(6): 813-819.
28. Lee GY, Jang SY, Ko SM, et al. Cardiovascular manifestations of Takayasu arteritis and their relationship to the disease activity: analysis of 204 Korean patients at a single center. Int J Cardiol, 2012, 159(1): 14-20.
29. Kerr GS, Hallahan CW, Giordano J, et al. Takayasu arteritis. Ann Intern Med, 1994, 120(11): 919-929.
30. 邹玉宝, 蒋雄京. 大动脉炎的研究现状与进展. 中国循环杂志, 2016, 31(8): 822-824.
31. Clifford A, Hoffman GS. Recent advances in the medical management of Takayasu arteritis: an update on use of biologic therapies. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2014, 26(1): 7-15.
32. Murashita T, Yoshimoto K, Sugiki H, et al. Bilateral coronary ostial patch angioplasty with autologous pericardium in Takayasu arteritis: a case requiring replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2004, 26(4): 866-868.
33. Soto ME, Espinola N, Flores-Suarez LF, et al. Takayasu arteritis: clinical features in 110 Mexican Mestizo patients and cardiovascular impact on survival and prognosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2008, 26(3 Suppl 49): S9-S15.
34. Ando M, Okita Y, Sasako Y, et al. Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment for dilative lesions associated with Takayasu's arteritis. Int J Angiol, 2000, 9(3): 194-197.
35. Kieffer E, Chiche L, Bertal A, et al. Descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with Takayasu's disease. Ann Vasc Surg, 2004, 18(5): 505-513.
36. Baril DT, Carroccio A, Palchik E, et al. Endovascular treatment of complicated aortic aneurysms in patients with underlying arteriopathies. Ann Vasc Surg, 2006, 20(4): 464-471.
37. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 70(2): 252-289.
38. Falk V, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, et al. 2017 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 52(4): 616-664.
39. Ramponi F, Jeremy RW, Wilson MK. Management of aortic regurgitation and bilateral carotid occlusion in severe Takayasu arteritis. J Card Surg, 2017, 32(4): 259-261.
40. Furukawa N, Hata M, Sezai A, et al. Reoperation for aortic valve stenosis due to severe calcification of the bioprosthetic valve after modified Bentall operation in Takayasu arteritis. Int J Cardiol, 2009, 133(3): e118-e119.
41. Adachi O, Saiki Y, Akasaka J, et al. Surgical management of aortic regurgitation associated with Takayasu arteritis and other forms of aortitis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 84(6): 1950-1953.
42. Maeda K, Yoshikawa Y, Miyagawa S, et al. Surgical treatment of coronary arteriovenous fistulas and aortic valve insufficiency. J Card Surg, 2013, 28(4): 380-382.
43. Matsuura K, Ogino H, Kobayashi J, et al. Surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation due to Takayasu arteritis: long-term morbidity and mortality. Circulation, 2005, 112(24): 3707-3712.
44. Fernández ÁL, Martínez A, García Carro J, et al. Late detachment of an aortic prosthetic valve and reactivation of Takayasu arteritis. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed), 2017, 70(5): 397-399.
45. 孙立忠, 刘永民, 胡盛寿, 等. 大动脉炎导致主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科治疗. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2003, 19(3): 129-130.
46. Kaku Y, Aomi S, Tomioka H, et al. Surgery for aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation in Takayasu arteritis. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2015, 23(8): 901-906.
47. Manji RA, Zhu LF, Nijjar NK, et al. Glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprosthetic heart valve conduits calcify and fail from xenograft rejection. Circulation, 2006, 114(4): 318-327.
48. Dalgliesh AJ, Parvizi M, Lopera-Higuita M, et al. Graft-specific immune tolerance is determined by residual antigenicity of xenogeneic extracellular matrix scaffolds. Acta Biomater, 2018, 79: 253-264.
49. 卢子润, 王东进. 主动脉瓣关闭不全行主动脉瓣成形术的治疗进展. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2018, 25(2): 177-180.
50. Harada H, Honma Y, Hachiro Y, et al. Composite graft replacement after aortic valvuloplasty in Takayasu arteritis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 73(2): 644-647.
51. Hashimoto W, Hashizume K, Ariyoshi T, et al. Ten years experience of aortic root replacement using a modified bentall procedure with a carrel patch and inclusion technique. Ann Vasc Dis, 2011, 4(1): 32-36.
52. Kourliouros A, Soni M, Rasoli S, et al. Evolution and current applications of the Cabrol procedure and its modifications. Ann Thorac Surg, 2011, 91(5): 1636-1641.
53. Sun X, Yang H, Li X, et al. Randomized controlled trial of moderate hypothermia versus deep hypothermia anesthesia on brain injury during Stanford A aortic dissection surgery. Heart Vessels, 2018, 33(1): 66-71.
54. David TE. Tirone on Tirone David operation and types. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2019, 67(1): 66-69.
55. Bolin E, Moodie DS, Fraser CD Jr, et al. Takayasu arteritis presenting as severe ascending aortic arch dilation and aortic regurgitation in a 10-year-old female. Congenit Heart Dis, 2011, 6(6): 630-633.
56. Fujiwara K, Hamuro M, Imai K, et al. Severe aortic valve regurgitation due to Takayasu's aortoarteritis in a child. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(3): 1072-1074.
57. Yamashita K, Kobayashi J, Fujita T, et al. Simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for Takayasu arteritis. J Cardiol Cases, 2017, 15(5): 158-160.
58. Ha KJ, Cho WC, Kim WK, et al. A minimally invasive approach for the treatment of mid-aortic syndrome in Takayasu arteritis. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 51(6): 399-402.
59. Cheng X, Dang A. Surgery is better: Long-term outcome on takayasu disease patients with aortic regurgitation. Circulation, 2018, 136: A14816.
60. Ando M, Kosakai Y, Okita Y, et al. Surgical treatment for aortic regurgitation caused by non-specific aortitis. Cardiovasc Surg, 1999, 7(4): 409-413.
61. Hartman JM. Underestimated abdominal vascular pathology in a patient with Takayasu arteritis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2006, 5(4): 451-453.
62. Moon MH, Kang JK, Song H. Acquired coronary-to-bronchial artery fistula after two valve surgeries. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2014, 22(4): 478-480.
63. Ohigashi H, Haraguchi G, Konishi M, et al. Improved prognosis of Takayasu arteritis over the past decade--comprehensive analysis of 106 patients. Circ J, 2012, 76(4): 1004-1011.
64. Perera AH, Mason JC, Wolfe JH. Takayasu arteritis: criteria for surgical intervention should not be ignored. Int J Vasc Med, 2013, 2013: 618910.
65. Matsushita M, Kobayashi S, Tada K, et al. A case of ankylosing spondylitis with concurrent Takayasu arteritis. J Int Med Res, 2018, 46(6): 2486-2494.
66. Taddio A, Maschio M, Martelossi S, et al. Crohn's disease and Takayasu's arteritis: an uncommon association. World J Gastroenterol, 2013, 19(35): 5933-5935.

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Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Progress in surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation caused by Takayasu arteritis

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