- 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P.R.China;
- 2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R.China;
- 3. Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R.China;
The postoperative symptom burden in patients with lung cancer is severe and adversely impairs their quality of life. Symptom management is the cornerstone of medical care. Patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based symptom management is being increasingly recognized as the best "patient-centered care" model in clinical practice. However, the precise implementation of this model in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery is hindered by the lack of a lung cancer surgery-specific scale, implementation standards, clinical application parameters and high-quality researches. The use of a precise and simple PRO scale and an electronic PRO platform may greatly improve the feasibility of implementing this model. Currently, the application of PRO-based symptom management in lung cancer surgery is still being explored and needs to be improved in clinical research and practice.
Citation: DAI Wei, SHI Qiuling, LI Qiang, CHE Guowei. Application status of patient-reported outcome-based symptom management in lung cancer surgery. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2020, 27(10): 1228-1234. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201908006 Copy
1. | Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, <italic>et al</italic>. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424. |
2. | 郑荣寿, 孙可欣, 张思维, 等. 2015 年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2019, 41(1): 19-28. |
3. | 廖虎, 梅建东, 刘成武, 等. 中国三级医院胸外科学科临床发展现状的调查研究. 中华外科杂志, 2018, 56(12): 888-891. |
4. | 邵茜茜, 刘东英. 肺癌患者肺叶切除术后症状群调查研究. 护理学报, 2018, 25(18): 1-4. |
5. | Fagundes CP, Shi Q, Vaporciyan AA, <italic>et al</italic>. Symptom recovery after thoracic surgery: Measuring patient-reported outcomes with the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 150(3): 613-619. |
6. | Lowery AE, Krebs P, Coups EJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Impact of symptom burden in post-surgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer, 2014, 22(1): 173-180. |
7. | Yang P, Cheville AL, Wampfler JA, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and symptom burden among long-term lung cancer survivors. J Thorac Oncol, 2012, 7(1): 64-70. |
8. | Basch E. Patient-reported outcomes - harnessing patients' voices to improve clinical care. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376(2): 105-108. |
9. | Khullar OV, Fernandez FG. Patient-reported outcomes in thoracic surgery. Thorac Surg Clin, 2017, 27(3): 279-290. |
10. | Bouazza YB, Chiairi I, El Kharbouchi O, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the management of lung cancer: A systematic review. Lung Cancer, 2017, 113: 140-151. |
11. | Molassiotis A, Uyterlinde W, Hollen PJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Supportive care in lung cancer: milestones over the past 40 years. J Thorac Oncol, 2015, 10(1): 10-18. |
12. | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2006, 4: 79. |
13. | Basch E, Jia X, Heller G, <italic>et al</italic>. Adverse symptom event reporting by patients <italic>vs</italic>. clinicians: relationships with clinical outcomes. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2009, 101(23): 1624-1632. |
14. | Basch E. The missing voice of patients in drug-safety reporting. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(10): 865-869. |
15. | Calvert M, Kyte D, Mercieca-Bebber R, <italic>et al</italic>. Guidelines for inclusion of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trial protocols. JAMA, 2018, 319(5): 483. |
16. | Maessen JM, Dejong CH, Kessels AG, <italic>et al</italic>. Length of stay: an inappropriate readout of the success of enhanced recovery programs. World J Surg, 2008, 32(6): 971-975. |
17. | Lau CS, Chamberlain RS. Enhanced recovery after surgery programs improve patient outcomes and recovery: A meta-analysis. World J Surg, 2016, 41(4): 899-913. |
18. | Neville A, Lee L, Antonescu I, <italic>et al</italic>. Systematic review of outcomes used to evaluate enhanced recovery after surgery. Br J Surg, 2014, 101(3): 159-170. |
19. | Jensen RE, Rothrock NE, DeWitt EM, <italic>et al</italic>. The role of technical advances in the adoption and integration of patient-reported outcomes in clinical care. Med Care, 2015, 53(2): 153-159. |
20. | Howell D, Molloy S, Wilkinson K, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcomes in routine cancer clinical practice: a scoping review of use, impact on health outcomes, and implementation factors. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(9): 1846-1858. |
21. | Cleeland CS, Wang XS, Shi Q, <italic>et al</italic>. Automated symptom alerts reduce postoperative symptom severity after cancer surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(8): 994-1000. |
22. | Basch E, Deal AM, Dueck AC, <italic>et al</italic>. Overall survival results of a trial assessing patient-reported outcomes for symptom monitoring during routine cancer treatment. JAMA, 2017, 318(2): 197-198. |
23. | Yun YH, Kim YA, Sim JA, <italic>et al</italic>. Prognostic value of quality of life score in disease-free survivors of surgically-treated lung cancer. BMC Cancer, 2016, 16: 505. |
24. | Sloan JA, Zhao X, Novotny PJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Relationship between deficits in overall quality of life and non-small-cell lung cancer survival. J Clin Oncol, 2012, 30(13): 1498-1504. |
25. | Pompili C, Salati M, Refai M, <italic>et al</italic>. Preoperative quality of life predicts survival following pulmonary resection in stageⅠnon-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 43(5): 905-910. |
26. | Pompili C. Quality of life after lung resection for lung cancer. J Thorac Dis, 2015, 7(Suppl 2): S138-S144. |
27. | Bergman B, Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, <italic>et al</italic>. The EORTC QLQ-LC13: a modular supplement to the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) for use in lung cancer clinical trials. EORTC Study Group on Quality of Life. Eur J Cancer, 1994, 30A(5): 635-642. |
28. | Mendoza TR, Wang XS, Lu C, <italic>et al</italic>. Measuring the symptom burden of lung cancer: the validity and utility of the lung cancer module of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. Oncologist, 2011, 16(2): 217-227. |
29. | Xu Y, Chen Y, Li P, <italic>et al</italic>. Ren Shen Yangrong Tang for fatigue in cancer survivors: A PhaseⅠ/Ⅱ open-label study. J Altern Complement Med, 2015, 21(5): 281-287. |
30. | Basch E, Deal AM, Kris MG, <italic>et al</italic>. Symptom monitoring with patient-reported outcomes during routine cancer treatment: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(6): 557-565. |
31. | Reck M, Schenker M, Lee KH, <italic>et al</italic>. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with high tumour mutational burden: patient-reported outcomes results from the randomised, open-label, phase Ⅲ CheckMate 227 trial. Eur J Cancer, 2019, 116: 137-147. |
32. | Khullar OV, Rajaei MH, Force SD, <italic>et al</italic>. Pilot study to integrate patient reported outcomes after lung cancer operations into the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database. Ann Thorac Surg, 2017, 104(1): 245-253. |
33. | Shi Q, Wang XS, Vaporciyan AA, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported symptom interference as a measure of postsurgery functional recovery in lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2016, 52(6): 822-831. |
34. | Li WW, Lee TW, Lam SS, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life following lung cancer resection: video-assisted thoracic surgery <italic>vs</italic>. thoracotomy. Chest, 2002, 122(2): 584-589. |
35. | Kenny PM, King MT, Viney RC, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and survival in the 2 years after surgery for non small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(2): 233-241. |
36. | Balduyck B, Hendriks J, Lauwers P, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life after lung cancer surgery: a prospective pilot study comparing bronchial sleeve lobectomy with pneumonectomy. J Thorac Oncol, 2008, 3(6): 604-608. |
37. | Ferguson MK, Parma CM, Celauro AD, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and mood in older patients after major lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 87(4): 1007-1012. |
38. | Sartipy U. Prospective population-based study comparing quality of life after pneumonectomy and lobectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(6): 1069-1074. |
39. | Ostroff JS, Krebs P, Coups EJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Health-related quality of life among early-stage, non-small cell, lung cancer survivors. Lung Cancer, 2011, 71(1): 103-108. |
40. | Moller A, Sartipy U. Long-term health-related quality of life following surgery for lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2012, 41(2): 362-367. |
41. | Zhao J, Zhao Y, Qiu T, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and survival afterⅡstage nonsmall cell carcinoma surgery: Video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy lobectomy. Indian J Cancer, 2015, 52(Suppl 2): e130-133. |
42. | Bendixen M, Jorgensen OD, Kronborg C, <italic>et al</italic>. Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(6): 836-844. |
43. | Rauma V, Andersson S, Robinson EM, <italic>et al</italic>. Thoracotomy and VATS surgery in local non-small-cell lung cancer: differences in long-term health-related quality of life. Clin Lung Cancer, 2019, 20(5): 378-383. |
44. | Rizk NP, Ghanie A, Hsu M, <italic>et al</italic>. A prospective trial comparing pain and quality of life measures after anatomic lung resection using thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(4): 1160-1166. |
45. | Lacroix V, Mosala Nezhad Z, Kahn D, <italic>et al</italic>. Pain, quality of life, and clinical outcomes after robotic lobectomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 65(5): 344-350. |
46. | Schwartz RM, Yip R, Olkin I, <italic>et al</italic>. Impact of surgery for stage ⅠA non-small-cell lung cancer on patient quality of life. J Community Support Oncol, 2016, 14(1): 37-44. |
47. | Hopkins KG, Ferson PF, Shende MR, <italic>et al</italic>. Prospective study of quality of life after lung cancer resection. Ann Transl Med, 2017, 5(10): 204. |
48. | Schwartz RM, Yip R, Flores RM, <italic>et al</italic>. The impact of resection method and patient factors on quality of life among stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer surgical patients. J Surg Oncol, 2017, 115(2): 173-180. |
49. | Pompili C, Velikova G, White J, <italic>et al</italic>. Poor preoperative patient-reported quality of life is associated with complications following pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 51(3): 526-531. |
50. | Brunelli A, Socci L, Refai M, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life before and after major lung resection for lung cancer: a prospective follow-up analysis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 84(2): 410-416. |
51. | Balduyck B, Hendriks J, Lauwers P, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life evolution after lung cancer surgery: a prospective study in 100 patients. Lung Cancer, 2007, 56(3): 423-431. |
52. | Bronserud MM, Iachina M, Green A, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient reported outcome data as performance indicators in surgically treated lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer, 2019, 130: 143-148. |
53. | 张安庆, 徐美青, 解明然, 等. VATS 治疗高龄早期非小细胞肺癌患者术后生活质量与开放手术的对比研究. 安徽医科大学学报, 2014, 49(10): 1460-1464. |
54. | 徐广文, 熊燃, 吴汉然, 等. 单孔和三孔胸腔镜手术对肺癌患者术后近期生活质量影响的比较研究. 中华外科杂志, 2018, 56(6): 452-457. |
55. | International Society for Quality of Life Research. User's guide to implementing patient-reported outcomes assessment in clinical practice, version 2. URL: http://www.isoqol.org/UserFiles/2015UsersGuide-Version2.pdf. |
56. | Chan EKH, Edwards TC, Haywood K, <italic>et al</italic>. Implementing patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice: a companion guide to the ISOQOL user's guide. Qual Life Res, 2019, 28(3): 621-627. |
57. | Poghosyan H, Sheldon LK, Leveille SG, <italic>et al</italic>. Health-related quality of life after surgical treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review. Lung Cancer, 2013, 81(1): 11-26. |
58. | Miaskowski C, Barsevick A, Berger A, <italic>et al</italic>. Advancing symptom science through symptom cluster research: expert panel proceedings and recommendations. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2017, 109(4): djw253. |
59. | Sullivan CW, Leutwyler H, Dunn LB, <italic>et al</italic>. Stability of symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2018, 55(1): 39-55. |
60. | Calvert M, Kyte D, Duffy H, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessment in clinical trials: a systematic review of guidance for trial protocol writers. PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e110216. |
61. | Serlin RC, Mendoza TR, Nakamura Y, <italic>et al</italic>. When is cancer pain mild, moderate or severe? Grading pain severity by its interference with function. Pain, 1995, 61(2): 277-284. |
62. | Wang XS, Zhao F, Fisch MJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Prevalence and characteristics of moderate to severe fatigue: a multicenter study in cancer patients and survivors. Cancer, 2014, 120(3): 425-432. |
63. | NCCN practice guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Oncology (Williston Park), 1999, 13(5A): 113-147. |
64. | McGlothlin AE, Lewis RJ. Minimal clinically important difference: defining what really matters to patients. JAMA, 2014, 312(13): 1342-1343. |
65. | Chen CX, Kroenke K, Stump TE, <italic>et al</italic>. Estimating minimally important differences for the PROMIS pain interference scales: results from 3 randomized clinical trials. Pain, 2018, 159(4): 775-782. |
66. | Subramanian M, Kozower BD, Brown LM, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcomes in cardiothoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 107(1): 294-301. |
67. | Dai W, Zhang Y, Feng W, <italic>et al</italic>. Using patient-reported outcomes to manage postoperative symptoms in patients with lung cancer: protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 2019, 9(8): e030041. |
68. | 邵娟. 人性化护理对肺癌手术患者生活质量及护理满意度的影响. 临床医药文献电子杂志, 2018, 5(100): 120-121. |
69. | 杜敏. 全程护理干预对肺癌手术患者生活质量的影响. 中外医学研究, 2016, 14(2): 105-106. |
70. | Nelson EC, Eftimovska E, Lind C, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient reported outcome measures in practice. BMJ, 2015, 350: g7818. |
71. | Anatchkova M, Donelson SM, Skalicky AM, <italic>et al</italic>. Exploring the implementation of patient-reported outcome measures in cancer care: need for more real-world evidence results in the peer reviewed literature. J Patient Rep Outcomes, 2018, 2(1): 64. |
72. | Jensen RE, Snyder CF, Abernethy AP, <italic>et al</italic>. Review of electronic patient-reported outcomes systems used in cancer clinical care. J Oncol Pract, 2014, 10(4): e215-e222. |
73. | Pompili C, Novoa N, Balduyck B. Clinical evaluation of quality of life: a survey among members of European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 21(4): 415-419. |
74. | 车国卫, 刘伦旭, 周清华. 加速康复外科从理论到实践—我们还需要做什么? 中国肺癌杂志, 2017, 20(4): 219-225. |
75. | Philpot LM, Barnes SA, Brown RM, <italic>et al</italic>. Barriers and benefits to the use of patient-reported outcome measures in routine clinical care: a qualitative study. Am J Med Qual, 2018, 33(4): 359-364. |
76. | Bennett AV, Jensen RE, Basch E. Electronic patient-reported outcome systems in oncology clinical practice. CA Cancer J Clin, 2012, 62(5): 337-347. |
77. | Coons SJ, Eremenco S, Lundy JJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Capturing patient-reported outcome (pro) data electronically: the past, present, and promise of ePRO measurement in clinical trials. Patient, 2015, 8(4): 301-309. |
78. | Eid R, Haddad FG, Kourie HR, <italic>et al</italic>. Electronic patient-reported outcomes: a revolutionary strategy in cancer care. Future Oncol, 2017, 13(27): 2397-2399. |
- 1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, <italic>et al</italic>. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6): 394-424.
- 2. 郑荣寿, 孙可欣, 张思维, 等. 2015 年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况分析. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2019, 41(1): 19-28.
- 3. 廖虎, 梅建东, 刘成武, 等. 中国三级医院胸外科学科临床发展现状的调查研究. 中华外科杂志, 2018, 56(12): 888-891.
- 4. 邵茜茜, 刘东英. 肺癌患者肺叶切除术后症状群调查研究. 护理学报, 2018, 25(18): 1-4.
- 5. Fagundes CP, Shi Q, Vaporciyan AA, <italic>et al</italic>. Symptom recovery after thoracic surgery: Measuring patient-reported outcomes with the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 150(3): 613-619.
- 6. Lowery AE, Krebs P, Coups EJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Impact of symptom burden in post-surgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer, 2014, 22(1): 173-180.
- 7. Yang P, Cheville AL, Wampfler JA, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and symptom burden among long-term lung cancer survivors. J Thorac Oncol, 2012, 7(1): 64-70.
- 8. Basch E. Patient-reported outcomes - harnessing patients' voices to improve clinical care. N Engl J Med, 2017, 376(2): 105-108.
- 9. Khullar OV, Fernandez FG. Patient-reported outcomes in thoracic surgery. Thorac Surg Clin, 2017, 27(3): 279-290.
- 10. Bouazza YB, Chiairi I, El Kharbouchi O, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the management of lung cancer: A systematic review. Lung Cancer, 2017, 113: 140-151.
- 11. Molassiotis A, Uyterlinde W, Hollen PJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Supportive care in lung cancer: milestones over the past 40 years. J Thorac Oncol, 2015, 10(1): 10-18.
- 12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2006, 4: 79.
- 13. Basch E, Jia X, Heller G, <italic>et al</italic>. Adverse symptom event reporting by patients <italic>vs</italic>. clinicians: relationships with clinical outcomes. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2009, 101(23): 1624-1632.
- 14. Basch E. The missing voice of patients in drug-safety reporting. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(10): 865-869.
- 15. Calvert M, Kyte D, Mercieca-Bebber R, <italic>et al</italic>. Guidelines for inclusion of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trial protocols. JAMA, 2018, 319(5): 483.
- 16. Maessen JM, Dejong CH, Kessels AG, <italic>et al</italic>. Length of stay: an inappropriate readout of the success of enhanced recovery programs. World J Surg, 2008, 32(6): 971-975.
- 17. Lau CS, Chamberlain RS. Enhanced recovery after surgery programs improve patient outcomes and recovery: A meta-analysis. World J Surg, 2016, 41(4): 899-913.
- 18. Neville A, Lee L, Antonescu I, <italic>et al</italic>. Systematic review of outcomes used to evaluate enhanced recovery after surgery. Br J Surg, 2014, 101(3): 159-170.
- 19. Jensen RE, Rothrock NE, DeWitt EM, <italic>et al</italic>. The role of technical advances in the adoption and integration of patient-reported outcomes in clinical care. Med Care, 2015, 53(2): 153-159.
- 20. Howell D, Molloy S, Wilkinson K, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcomes in routine cancer clinical practice: a scoping review of use, impact on health outcomes, and implementation factors. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(9): 1846-1858.
- 21. Cleeland CS, Wang XS, Shi Q, <italic>et al</italic>. Automated symptom alerts reduce postoperative symptom severity after cancer surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(8): 994-1000.
- 22. Basch E, Deal AM, Dueck AC, <italic>et al</italic>. Overall survival results of a trial assessing patient-reported outcomes for symptom monitoring during routine cancer treatment. JAMA, 2017, 318(2): 197-198.
- 23. Yun YH, Kim YA, Sim JA, <italic>et al</italic>. Prognostic value of quality of life score in disease-free survivors of surgically-treated lung cancer. BMC Cancer, 2016, 16: 505.
- 24. Sloan JA, Zhao X, Novotny PJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Relationship between deficits in overall quality of life and non-small-cell lung cancer survival. J Clin Oncol, 2012, 30(13): 1498-1504.
- 25. Pompili C, Salati M, Refai M, <italic>et al</italic>. Preoperative quality of life predicts survival following pulmonary resection in stageⅠnon-small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2013, 43(5): 905-910.
- 26. Pompili C. Quality of life after lung resection for lung cancer. J Thorac Dis, 2015, 7(Suppl 2): S138-S144.
- 27. Bergman B, Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, <italic>et al</italic>. The EORTC QLQ-LC13: a modular supplement to the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) for use in lung cancer clinical trials. EORTC Study Group on Quality of Life. Eur J Cancer, 1994, 30A(5): 635-642.
- 28. Mendoza TR, Wang XS, Lu C, <italic>et al</italic>. Measuring the symptom burden of lung cancer: the validity and utility of the lung cancer module of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. Oncologist, 2011, 16(2): 217-227.
- 29. Xu Y, Chen Y, Li P, <italic>et al</italic>. Ren Shen Yangrong Tang for fatigue in cancer survivors: A PhaseⅠ/Ⅱ open-label study. J Altern Complement Med, 2015, 21(5): 281-287.
- 30. Basch E, Deal AM, Kris MG, <italic>et al</italic>. Symptom monitoring with patient-reported outcomes during routine cancer treatment: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(6): 557-565.
- 31. Reck M, Schenker M, Lee KH, <italic>et al</italic>. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with high tumour mutational burden: patient-reported outcomes results from the randomised, open-label, phase Ⅲ CheckMate 227 trial. Eur J Cancer, 2019, 116: 137-147.
- 32. Khullar OV, Rajaei MH, Force SD, <italic>et al</italic>. Pilot study to integrate patient reported outcomes after lung cancer operations into the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database. Ann Thorac Surg, 2017, 104(1): 245-253.
- 33. Shi Q, Wang XS, Vaporciyan AA, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported symptom interference as a measure of postsurgery functional recovery in lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2016, 52(6): 822-831.
- 34. Li WW, Lee TW, Lam SS, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life following lung cancer resection: video-assisted thoracic surgery <italic>vs</italic>. thoracotomy. Chest, 2002, 122(2): 584-589.
- 35. Kenny PM, King MT, Viney RC, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and survival in the 2 years after surgery for non small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(2): 233-241.
- 36. Balduyck B, Hendriks J, Lauwers P, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life after lung cancer surgery: a prospective pilot study comparing bronchial sleeve lobectomy with pneumonectomy. J Thorac Oncol, 2008, 3(6): 604-608.
- 37. Ferguson MK, Parma CM, Celauro AD, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and mood in older patients after major lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg, 2009, 87(4): 1007-1012.
- 38. Sartipy U. Prospective population-based study comparing quality of life after pneumonectomy and lobectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(6): 1069-1074.
- 39. Ostroff JS, Krebs P, Coups EJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Health-related quality of life among early-stage, non-small cell, lung cancer survivors. Lung Cancer, 2011, 71(1): 103-108.
- 40. Moller A, Sartipy U. Long-term health-related quality of life following surgery for lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2012, 41(2): 362-367.
- 41. Zhao J, Zhao Y, Qiu T, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life and survival afterⅡstage nonsmall cell carcinoma surgery: Video-assisted thoracic surgery versus thoracotomy lobectomy. Indian J Cancer, 2015, 52(Suppl 2): e130-133.
- 42. Bendixen M, Jorgensen OD, Kronborg C, <italic>et al</italic>. Postoperative pain and quality of life after lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or anterolateral thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(6): 836-844.
- 43. Rauma V, Andersson S, Robinson EM, <italic>et al</italic>. Thoracotomy and VATS surgery in local non-small-cell lung cancer: differences in long-term health-related quality of life. Clin Lung Cancer, 2019, 20(5): 378-383.
- 44. Rizk NP, Ghanie A, Hsu M, <italic>et al</italic>. A prospective trial comparing pain and quality of life measures after anatomic lung resection using thoracoscopy or thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(4): 1160-1166.
- 45. Lacroix V, Mosala Nezhad Z, Kahn D, <italic>et al</italic>. Pain, quality of life, and clinical outcomes after robotic lobectomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 65(5): 344-350.
- 46. Schwartz RM, Yip R, Olkin I, <italic>et al</italic>. Impact of surgery for stage ⅠA non-small-cell lung cancer on patient quality of life. J Community Support Oncol, 2016, 14(1): 37-44.
- 47. Hopkins KG, Ferson PF, Shende MR, <italic>et al</italic>. Prospective study of quality of life after lung cancer resection. Ann Transl Med, 2017, 5(10): 204.
- 48. Schwartz RM, Yip R, Flores RM, <italic>et al</italic>. The impact of resection method and patient factors on quality of life among stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer surgical patients. J Surg Oncol, 2017, 115(2): 173-180.
- 49. Pompili C, Velikova G, White J, <italic>et al</italic>. Poor preoperative patient-reported quality of life is associated with complications following pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2017, 51(3): 526-531.
- 50. Brunelli A, Socci L, Refai M, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life before and after major lung resection for lung cancer: a prospective follow-up analysis. Ann Thorac Surg, 2007, 84(2): 410-416.
- 51. Balduyck B, Hendriks J, Lauwers P, <italic>et al</italic>. Quality of life evolution after lung cancer surgery: a prospective study in 100 patients. Lung Cancer, 2007, 56(3): 423-431.
- 52. Bronserud MM, Iachina M, Green A, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient reported outcome data as performance indicators in surgically treated lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer, 2019, 130: 143-148.
- 53. 张安庆, 徐美青, 解明然, 等. VATS 治疗高龄早期非小细胞肺癌患者术后生活质量与开放手术的对比研究. 安徽医科大学学报, 2014, 49(10): 1460-1464.
- 54. 徐广文, 熊燃, 吴汉然, 等. 单孔和三孔胸腔镜手术对肺癌患者术后近期生活质量影响的比较研究. 中华外科杂志, 2018, 56(6): 452-457.
- 55. International Society for Quality of Life Research. User's guide to implementing patient-reported outcomes assessment in clinical practice, version 2. URL: http://www.isoqol.org/UserFiles/2015UsersGuide-Version2.pdf.
- 56. Chan EKH, Edwards TC, Haywood K, <italic>et al</italic>. Implementing patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice: a companion guide to the ISOQOL user's guide. Qual Life Res, 2019, 28(3): 621-627.
- 57. Poghosyan H, Sheldon LK, Leveille SG, <italic>et al</italic>. Health-related quality of life after surgical treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review. Lung Cancer, 2013, 81(1): 11-26.
- 58. Miaskowski C, Barsevick A, Berger A, <italic>et al</italic>. Advancing symptom science through symptom cluster research: expert panel proceedings and recommendations. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2017, 109(4): djw253.
- 59. Sullivan CW, Leutwyler H, Dunn LB, <italic>et al</italic>. Stability of symptom clusters in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2018, 55(1): 39-55.
- 60. Calvert M, Kyte D, Duffy H, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessment in clinical trials: a systematic review of guidance for trial protocol writers. PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e110216.
- 61. Serlin RC, Mendoza TR, Nakamura Y, <italic>et al</italic>. When is cancer pain mild, moderate or severe? Grading pain severity by its interference with function. Pain, 1995, 61(2): 277-284.
- 62. Wang XS, Zhao F, Fisch MJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Prevalence and characteristics of moderate to severe fatigue: a multicenter study in cancer patients and survivors. Cancer, 2014, 120(3): 425-432.
- 63. NCCN practice guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Oncology (Williston Park), 1999, 13(5A): 113-147.
- 64. McGlothlin AE, Lewis RJ. Minimal clinically important difference: defining what really matters to patients. JAMA, 2014, 312(13): 1342-1343.
- 65. Chen CX, Kroenke K, Stump TE, <italic>et al</italic>. Estimating minimally important differences for the PROMIS pain interference scales: results from 3 randomized clinical trials. Pain, 2018, 159(4): 775-782.
- 66. Subramanian M, Kozower BD, Brown LM, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient-reported outcomes in cardiothoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 107(1): 294-301.
- 67. Dai W, Zhang Y, Feng W, <italic>et al</italic>. Using patient-reported outcomes to manage postoperative symptoms in patients with lung cancer: protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 2019, 9(8): e030041.
- 68. 邵娟. 人性化护理对肺癌手术患者生活质量及护理满意度的影响. 临床医药文献电子杂志, 2018, 5(100): 120-121.
- 69. 杜敏. 全程护理干预对肺癌手术患者生活质量的影响. 中外医学研究, 2016, 14(2): 105-106.
- 70. Nelson EC, Eftimovska E, Lind C, <italic>et al</italic>. Patient reported outcome measures in practice. BMJ, 2015, 350: g7818.
- 71. Anatchkova M, Donelson SM, Skalicky AM, <italic>et al</italic>. Exploring the implementation of patient-reported outcome measures in cancer care: need for more real-world evidence results in the peer reviewed literature. J Patient Rep Outcomes, 2018, 2(1): 64.
- 72. Jensen RE, Snyder CF, Abernethy AP, <italic>et al</italic>. Review of electronic patient-reported outcomes systems used in cancer clinical care. J Oncol Pract, 2014, 10(4): e215-e222.
- 73. Pompili C, Novoa N, Balduyck B. Clinical evaluation of quality of life: a survey among members of European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2015, 21(4): 415-419.
- 74. 车国卫, 刘伦旭, 周清华. 加速康复外科从理论到实践—我们还需要做什么? 中国肺癌杂志, 2017, 20(4): 219-225.
- 75. Philpot LM, Barnes SA, Brown RM, <italic>et al</italic>. Barriers and benefits to the use of patient-reported outcome measures in routine clinical care: a qualitative study. Am J Med Qual, 2018, 33(4): 359-364.
- 76. Bennett AV, Jensen RE, Basch E. Electronic patient-reported outcome systems in oncology clinical practice. CA Cancer J Clin, 2012, 62(5): 337-347.
- 77. Coons SJ, Eremenco S, Lundy JJ, <italic>et al</italic>. Capturing patient-reported outcome (pro) data electronically: the past, present, and promise of ePRO measurement in clinical trials. Patient, 2015, 8(4): 301-309.
- 78. Eid R, Haddad FG, Kourie HR, <italic>et al</italic>. Electronic patient-reported outcomes: a revolutionary strategy in cancer care. Future Oncol, 2017, 13(27): 2397-2399.